Capacitive Energy Research Articles

Welding of Toroidal Cores Made out of Amorphous Alloy Using Capacitor Discharge Spud Welding Technology (CD Welding)

Amorphous alloys exhibit exceptional characteristics not typically associated with other known classes of materials. These alloys are industrially manufactured in the form of ribbons with thicknesses below 50 μm, which presents challenges in their welding process. Resistance spot welding utilizing energy stored in capacitors is employed for thin sheets or foils due to it’s precise energy control during capacitor discharge. This paper presents the findings from experimental research conducted on spot welding metallic amorphous ribbons with a thickness of 30 μm using stored energy in capacitors, aiming to establish effective welding technologies. Several tests with varying parameters were conducted to optimize the welding process and determine the most effective technology for this foil.

Synergistic effects in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based thin film through stress field regulation for excellent capacitive energy storage

Thin film dielectric capacitors have attracted significant attention under the current trend of integration and portability in electronic devices. In this work, Na0.5Bi0.5(Fe0.03Ti0.97)O3–SrTiO3 (NBFT–STO) thin films are synthesized via sol–gel method onto flexible Pt/Mica and rigid Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates, respectively to obtain NBFT–STO dielectric capacitors under different local stress fields. Synergistic effects between dielectric polarization and breakdown strength (EBD), as well as dielectric polarization and polarization hysteresis are obtained, with the rigid one exhibiting higher EBD and the flexible one possessing high polarization linearity. Excellent capacitive energy storage performance with Wrec of 28.00 J/cm3 and η of 70.44 % are obtained at 20 kHz for the NBFT–STO thin film onto Pt/Mica. These findings provide a new route to modulate polarization behavior of NBT–based thin film through stress field regulation for capacitive energy storage.

Systematic analysis to evaluate the impact of hydration on electrolytes [emim][BF4] and [cho][gly] in supercapacitors formed by graphene or graphyne electrodes

This study systematically analyzes the structural properties of the ionic liquids 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF4]) and choline-glycine ([cho][gly]) to evaluate hydration effects on their electrical properties in supercapacitors with graphene or graphyne electrodes. The research examines how hydration impacts the electric window, total capacitance and gravimetric energy density of the devices. The goal is to enhance energy storage performance through innovative materials, focusing on sustainable, eco-friendly technologies. Results show that hydration influences the structure of the Electric Double Layer (EDL), with water molecules affecting ion mass density on the surface of the electrodes. Positive ion concentration is higher in graphene electrodes compared to graphyne. The study projects gravimetric energy density and energy efficiency based on potential difference and hydration level, highlighting the critical role of hydration in optimizing supercapacitor electrical properties and industrial application opportunities.

Alicyclic Polyimide With Multiple Breakdown Self-Healing Based on Gas-Condensation Phase Validation for High Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage.

Polymer dielectrics with combined thermal stability and self-healing properties are specifically desired for high-temperature film capacitors. The high thermal stability of conventional polymers benefits from the abundance of aromatic rings in the molecule backbone, but the high carbon content sacrifices their self-healing properties. Here, analicyclic polyimide with a high glass transition temperature (256°C) and wide energy bandgap (4.58eV) is designed, which exhibits electric conductivity more than an order of magnitude lower than that of classical polyimide at high electric fields and high temperatures. As a result, alicyclic polyimide achieves a discharged energy density of 4.54 Jcm-3 and a charge-discharge efficiency of above 90% at 200°C, which is superior to existing dielectric polymers and composites. The alicyclic polyimide benefits from a low pyrolytic residual carbon rate, retaining 93% of the dielectric breakdown strength after four electrical breakdown cycles. Distinguishing from the current condensed-phase self-healing concept, for the first time, exploring the self-healing capability of high-temperature polyimide dielectric is presented based on dual self-healing mechanisms of gas-phase and condensed-phase. The high energy density at high temperatures and the superior self-healing capability of alicyclic polyimide further indicate the promise of polyimide dielectric film capacitors for extreme conditions.

Tuning Dielectric Properties with Nanofiller Dimensionality in Polymer Nanocomposites.

Polymer nanocomposites hold great potential as dielectrics for energy storage devices and flexible electronics. The structural architecture of the nanofillers is expected to play a crucial role in the fundamental mechanisms governing the electrical breakdown and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. However, the effect of nanofiller structure and dimensionality on these properties has not been studied thoroughly to date. This study explores the critical relationship between nanofiller dimensionality and dielectric properties in polymer nanocomposites. We fabricated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites by incorporating a range of carbon-based nanofillers separately, including zero-dimensional (0D) carbon black (CB), one-dimensional (1D) multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), 1D single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), two-dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and three-dimensional (3D) graphite. The frequency-dependent (1 kHz to 1 MHz) dielectric permittivity (k) of the nanocomposites at the same concentration of nanofillers demonstrated a hierarchical order, with MWCNT showing the highest permittivity (∼400%), succeeded by rGO (∼360%), CB (∼290%), SWCNT (∼230%), and graphite (∼70%), respectively. The temperature-dependent (50-150 °C) dielectric spectroscopy revealed high k with increasing temperature due to the enhanced dipole movement. However, their dielectric breakdown strength and energy densities were not correlated to k and exhibited the following order: SWCNT > MWCNT > CB > rGO > graphite. As the electrical breakdown depends upon the nanocomposites' mechanical strength, we correlated the mechanical properties with the nanofiller dimensionality, and Young's modulus followed the 1D ≈ 2D > 0D > 3D order. These findings will provide fundamental insights into designing tunable, conducive nanofiller-based nanocomposites in next-generation flexible electronics and capacitive energy storage devices.

Manganese Oxide-Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Derived from Tea Leaf Waste for High-Performance Supercapacitors.

Hierarchical porous carbon derived from discarded biomass for energy storage materials has attracted increasing research attention due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of fabrication, environmental protection, and sustainability. Brewed tea leaves are rich in heteroatoms that are beneficial to capacitive energy storage behavior. Therefore, we synthesized high electrochemical performance carbon-based composites from Tie guan yin tea leaf waste using a facile procedure comprising hydrothermal, chemical activation, and calcination processes. In particular, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was incorporated into the potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation agent; therefore, during the activation process, KOH continued to erode the biomass precursor, producing abundant pores, and KMnO4 synchronously underwent a redox reaction to form MnO nanoparticles and anchor on the porous carbon through chemical bonding. MnO nanoparticles provided additional pseudocapacitive charge storage capabilities through redox reactions. The results show that the amount of MnO produced is proportional to the amount of KMnO4 incorporated. However, the specific surface area of the composite material decreases with the incorporated amount of KMnO4 due to the accumulation and aggregation of MnO nanoparticles, thereby even blocking some micropores. Optimization of MnO nanocrystal loading can promote the crystallinity and graphitization degree of carbonaceous materials. The specimen prepared with a weight ratio of KMnO4 to hydrochar of 0.02 exhibited a high capacitance of 337 F/g, an increase of 70%, owing to the synergistic effect between the Tie guan yin tea leaf-derived activated carbon and MnO nanoparticles. With this facile preparation method and the resulting high electrochemical performance, the development of manganese oxide/carbon composites derived from tea leaf biomass is expected to become a promising candidate as an energy storage material for supercapacitors.

Cauliflower-like Ni/NiCoP@Boron-doped diamond composite electrodes for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors

Due to the lack of electrocatalytic active sites, the supercapacitors (SCs) even based on the most stable sp3 carbon material (Boron-doped diamond) suffer from poor capacitance and low energy density. Herein, a cauliflower-like biphasic Ni/NiCoP layer has been successfully deposited on the BDD film and further applied as binder-/current collector-free SC electrodes. In a redox-active aqueous electrolyte (0.05 M Fe(CN)63−/4− + 1.0 M KOH), the Ni/NiCoP@BDD electrode with exceptional cyclic stability (∼89.0 % after 10,000 cycles) delivers a specific capacitance of 256.1 mF cm−2 at a current density of 30 mA cm−2, about 2 times higher than that in inert electrolyte. Furthermore, such a symmetric PC device provides a desired energy density of 70.0 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 3601 W kg−1.

Ultrahigh Capacitive Energy Storage in a Heterogeneous Nanolayered Composite

AbstractFerroelectric polymers with robust electrical polarization have been extensively investigated for capacitive energy storage. However, their inherent ferroelectric hysteresis loss limits the discharged energy density and compromises energy efficiency. Here, a heterogeneous nanolayered composite of ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) and Al2O3 is presented, which effectively mitigates ferroelectric hysteresis loss while maintaining high polarization and enhanced breakdown strength. Phase‐field simulations indicate that the polarization behaviors of the heterogeneous layered structure are jointly influenced by the thickness and dielectric constant of each component, which balances the electrical energy and Landau energy within the heterogeneous system. Guided by the theoretical simulations, optimized polarization behaviors are achieved with a significant reduction in remnant polarization and ferroelectric loss in the P(VDF‐TrFE)/Al2O3 composites through careful control of P(VDF‐TrFE) thickness at nanometer scale. Moreover, the presence of multiple interfaces in the layered composites leads to a remarkable enhancement in polarization and breakdown strength. Consequently, an ultrahigh energy density of about 108 J cm−3 is achieved with a high charge–discharge efficiency of exceeding 80%. This work not only presents a straightforward approach to modify the polarization behaviors of ferroelectric polymers but also demonstrates a promising strategy for developing high‐energy‐density polymer nanocomposites.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF A FREQUENCY CONVERTER FOR INDUCTION HEATING OF OIL PIPELINE

The article provides a detailed overview of the history, development and applications of frequency converters, with particular emphasis on their use in the oil and gas industry. It traces the evolution of frequency converters from their inception in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to their modern applications, which use microprocessors and digital signal processing to precisely control the output frequency. In the oil and gas industry, frequency converters are critical to efficient and accurate induction heating of pipelines. They convert a fixed frequency and voltage power supply into a variable frequency and variable voltage output, controlling the speed of the induction motors used in the heating process. The article also covers the design and modeling of frequency converters, discussing the process of characterizing them, creating mathematical models, and using modeling software tools such as MatLab. It presents equations for inductive energy, capacitor energy, resonance conditions and power factor, which are necessary in the mathematical modeling of frequency converters. The article concludes by highlighting the impact of frequency converters on the efficiency and economics of induction heating systems. It emphasizes the need for careful design and modeling to ensure optimal performance and safety.

Highly Conductive Supramolecular Salt Gel Electrolyte for Flexible Supercapacitors.

Conductive gels have greatly facilitated the development of flexible energy storage devices, including supercapacitors, batteries, and triboelectric nanogenerators. However, it is challenging for gel electrolytes to tackle the trade-off issues between mechanical properties and conductivity. Herein, a strategy of all inorganic salt-driven supramolecular networks is presented to construct gel electrolytes with high conductivity and reliable mechanical performance for flexible supercapacitors. The salt gel is successfully fabricated by combining a salt supramolecular network constructed by NH4Mo7O24·4H2O and FeCl3·6H2O and a polymer network of poly(vinyl alcohol). The inorganic salt supramolecular network serves as a rigid self-supporting framework in the hydrogel system for improving the mechanical properties and providing abundant active sites for accelerating ion transport. Furthermore, the salt gel-enabled supercapacitors are equipped and exhibit a high specific capacitance (199.4 mF cm-2) and excellent energy density (27.69 μWh cm-2). Moreover, the flexible supercapacitors not only present remarkable cyclic stability after 3000 charging/discharging cycles but also exhibit good electrochemical stability even under severe deformation conditions. The strategy of salt-gel-driven flexible supercapacitors would provide fresh thinking for the development of advanced flexible energy storage fields.

Improving the energy storage efficiency and power density of polymer blend in combination with Ti3C2Tx for energy storage devices

Polymer blend-based dielectrics are extensively used because of their broad working temperature range, quick discharging speed, and high power density. The solution casting approach is used to prepare the PVDF/PMMA- Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite flexible energy storage films. The morphology results show that the composite has a homogeneous and dense microstructure. The structural study shows the composition of thin films and confirms the existence of the PVDF β-phase. The thermal analysis showed 31.36 % crystallinity for 20 wt% of nanocomposite (NCs). The values of band gap energy reduced from 3.07 eV to 2.65 eV with increasing Ti3C2Tx concentration (15 wt%). It was found that the almost high dielectric constant values of (̴205) at 100 Hz and loss of 0.078 were suggestive of increased interfacial polarization. The maximal energy density of the NCs is 1.28 J/cm3, and its power density is 4.86 MW/cm3 for 15 wt% NCs. The conductivities of 15 wt% composite increase to 10−9 –10−7 S.cm−1 at 100 Hz, and then it reaches nearly 10−3 S cm−1 when the frequency is raised to 1 MHz. The 2D MXene nanofiller and PVDF macromolecular chain have an improved interface interaction, which results in excellent complete electrical characteristics. The rise in residual polarization can be inhibited by adding PMMA. In this work, adding 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene to PVDF/PMMA blends offers a viable way to create materials that are highly effective at storing energy in capacitors.

Comprehensive analysis of polyethylene glycol – lauric acid as a promising phase change material: Spectroscopic, thermal, and quantum insights

The increasing need for effective and environmentally sustainable energy storage technologies has delineated phase change materials (PCMs) as prospective candidates for thermal energy storage applications. In this study, we thoroughly analyzed polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and lauric acid (LA) as promising PCMs by applying spectroscopic study, thermal, and quantum approaches. The thermal stability and chemical compatibility of PEG – LA were investigated using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, revealing that optimal molecular interactions and structural changes occur at temperatures ranging from −10 °C to 30 °C, especially at higher LA volume fraction (VLA ≥ 60 %), as evidenced by marked blue shifts in the Raman spectra. TGA demonstrated the 2-step degradation of the PEG – LA (6:4), representing good material stability and high thermal conductivity enhancement of 32.24 % due to synergistic interactions among PEG and LA. DSC analysis established a high capacitive energy storage of 181.5 J/g and a phase transition of solid–liquid at room temperature (30–40 °C), which better crystallization properties based on higher LHR and supercooling degree compared with pristine LA. The thermal cycling reliability and FTIR spectra demonstrated the thermal and chemical stability of PEG – LA even after 1000 cycles. Quantum DFT analysis verified the experimental results, exhibiting robust hydrogen bonding interactions that contribute to the thermal stability, phase transition processes, higher energy storage capacity, and reactivity of PEG – LA. These results highlight PEG – LA as a promising and effective PCM for various thermal energy storage applications.

High-Density Capacitive Energy Storage in Low-Dielectric-Constant Polymer PMMA/2D Mica Nanofillers Heterostructure Composite

The ubiquitous, rising demand for energy storage devices with ultra-high storage capacity and efficiency has drawn tremendous research interest in developing energy storage devices. Dielectric polymers are one of the most suitable materials used to fabricate electrostatic capacitive energy storage devices with thin-film geometry with high power density. In this work, we studied the dielectric properties, electric polarization, and energy density of PMMA/2D Mica nanocomposite capacitors where stratified 2D nanofillers are interfaced between the multiple layers of PMMA thin films using two heterostructure designs of the capacitors, PMMA/2D Mica/PMMA (PMP) and PMMA/2D Mica/PMMA/2D Mica/PMMA (PMPMP). The incorporation of a 2D Mica nanofiller in the low-dielectric-constant PMMA leads to an enhancement in the dielectric constant, with ∆ε ~ 15% and 53% for PMP and PMPMP heterostructures at room temperature. Additionally, a significant improvement in discharged energy density was measured for the PMPMP capacitor (Ud ~ 38 J/cm3 at 825 MV/m) compared to the pristine PMMA (Ud ~ 9.5 J/cm3 at 522 MV/m) and PMP capacitors (Ud ~ 19 J/cm3 at 740 MV/m). This excellent capacitive and energy storage performance of the PMMA/2D Mica heterostructure nanocomposite may inform the fabrication of thin-film, high-density energy storage capacitor devices for potential applications in various platforms.

Roll‐to‐Roll Production of High‐Performance All‐Organic Polymer Nanocomposites for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage

AbstractDielectric materials with significant performance in high temperatures are highly desired, especially in harsh environments. However, the polymer‐based dielectric films have developed so far, the production scale remains at the state of the lab. Here, an all‐organic strategy is proposed by introducing phenyl‐acid‐based polymer nanodots (PAPD) into Polyetherimide (PEI), achieving high capacitive energy storage properties even at 200 °C and mass production by an industrial continuous roll‐to‐roll process. The abundant hydrogen bonding between PAPD and PEI chains ensures uniform distribution for the enhanced interaction between nanofillers and polymer matrix. Under UV irradiation, the electron‐affinity and band gap of the film are further extended, which impede charge transfer and reduction of conductive loss. A low loading (0.3 wt.%) of PAPD renders the membrane significant improvement in breakdown strength and charge–discharge efficiency. An ultrahigh energy storage density of 5.1 J cm−3 with a charge–discharge efficiency of over 90% and charge–discharge cycle stability up to 2 × 104 cycles at 150 °C is observed. Furthermore, a 1000 m long roll of polymeric film is roll‐to‐roll fabricated on an industrial solution‐casting production line and the low cost makes practical commercial scale application possible. Considering the low loading and low cost of nanofiller, this all‐organic design strategy sheds light on the industrial application of high‐temperature dielectric materials.

Giant Capacitive Energy Storage in High‐Entropy Lead‐Free Ceramics with Temperature Self‐Check

Giant Capacitive Energy Storage in High‐Entropy Lead‐Free Ceramics with Temperature Self‐Check

Magnetic-assisted alignment of nanofibers in a polymer nanocomposite for high-temperature capacitive energy storage applications.

Flexible polymer-based dielectrics with high energy storage characteristics over a wide temperature range are crucial for advanced electrical and electronic systems. However, the intrinsic low dielectric constant and drastically degraded breakdown strength hinder the development of polymer-based dielectrics at elevated temperatures. Here, we propose a magnetic-assisted approach for fabricating a polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanocomposite with precisely aligned nanofibers within the polymer matrix, and with Al2O3 deposition layers applied on the surface. The resulting polymer nanocomposite exhibits simultaneously increased dielectric constant and enhanced breakdown strength at high temperatures compared to pristine PEI. The enhanced dielectric constant is contributed by the depolarization effect of out-of-plane orientated nanofibers in composite films, while the surficial Al2O3 layers, with a wide bandgap, effectively prevent charge injection and transport at the electrode/dielectric interface. The optimally aligned composite films exhibit a significantly enhanced discharged energy density of 6.5 J cm-3 at 150 °C, with approximately 41% and 132% enhancement compared to random films and pristine PEI films, respectively. Additionally, a metalized multilayer polymer-based capacitor utilizing this composite film produces a high capacitance of 88 nF, while demonstrating excellent cyclability and flexibility at 150 °C. This work offers an effective strategy for developing polymer-based composite dielectrics with superior capacitive performance at elevated temperatures and demonstrates the potential of fabricating high-quality flexible capacitors.

Charge transfer complex induced confinement effect between organic semiconductor and polymer chains for enhancing high-temperature capacitive energy storage

High-temperature polymer dielectrics, renowned for their ultrahigh power densities, robust voltage endurance, and remarkable reliability, present significant potential in optimizing the functionality of microelectronics and electrical power systems. Herein, to elucidate a notable correlation between the confinement effect induced by charge transfer complexes (CTCs) and the discharged energy density (Ue), a series of PI-based composites were synthesized, integrating organic semiconductors with diverse electron affinities. The density functional theory (DFT) simulations revealed that escaping from the CTCs required higher activation energy, besides, a more pronounced electron localization function was observed in the interfacial region between PI chain and F6TCNNQ in comparison to pristine PI, PI/F2TCNQ, and PI/F4TCNQ. Consequently, the CTCs present in PI/F6TCNNQ exhibit the greatest electron localization, significantly impeding electron transport within the composite. Furthermore, at 200 °C, the Ue for the PI/F6TCNNQ composite remains notably high at 5.06 J cm−3 with an efficiency above 90 %, representing a 2.45-fold increase compared to that of pristine PI (2.03 J cm−3). The findings provide evidence for a positive correlation between the confinement effect induced by CTCs and the discharged energy density (Ue) of the composite materials at elevated temperatures, thus offering valuable insights for future investigations focused on all-organic dielectric composite materials.

Giant energy density with ultrahigh efficiency achieved in NaNbO3-based lead-free ceramics with polymorphic antiferrodistortive polar nanodomains

The development of dielectric ceramics with simultaneously high energy-storage density (Wrec) and efficiency (η) for capacitive energy storage poses a significant challenge. Herein, an effective strategy to achieve ultrahigh comprehensive energy-storage performance via designing polymorphic antiferrodistortive polar nanodomains is proposed, successfully realizing a giant Wrec of ∼7.5 J/cm3 with an ultrahigh η of ∼94 % in (0.9-x)NaNbO3-0.1BaZrO3-xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 ((0.9-x)NN-0.1BZ-xBMT) lead-free ceramics at x = 0.08. The studied ceramic also exhibits excellent temperature-insensitive charge–discharge performances of high power density ∼204 ± 3 % MW/cm3, high discharge energy density ∼3.7 ± 3 % J/cm3 and fast discharge rate < 60 ns within 25–150 °C. The observation of ex-/in-situ piezoresponse force microscopy and transmission electron microscope reveals that polar nanodomains with multiple antiferrodistortive FE symmetries and diverse scales exhibit dissimilatory transformation behavior into FE microdomains during electric field loading/unloading, being responsible for a low-hysteresis polarization-field response with a near-zero remnant polarization and a high maximum polarization. Meanwhile, optimized bandgap structure and grain morphology contribute to the enhanced ceramic resistivity and conductivity activation energy as well as suppressed leakage current, resulting in significantly improved dielectric breakdown strength. These results demonstrate a feasible strategy for developing novel high-performance dielectric ceramics for high-efficiency capacitive energy storage.

Flexible zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor based on Co2+-doped polyaniline/V2O5 electrode

With the rapid advancement of renewable energy sources and portable electronic devices, the demand for high-performance energy storage systems is growing, driving continuous progress in supercapacitor technology. Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHS), known for their higher safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, have become a hot research topic. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) possesses flexible multivalence, low cost, low toxicity, wide voltage window, high capacitance, and high energy density. However, its poor electrical conductivity and low cycling stability hinder its electrochemical performance, thus limiting its application in ZIHS. Here, we propose a novel strategy of incorporating Co2+ ions and conductive polyaniline (PANI) with V2O5 (CoVO-PANI) as cathode materials for ZIHS. The synergistic effect between cobalt ions and polyaniline have led to an expansion of the interlayer spacing in CoVO-PANI, which reduce the binding energy of Zn2+ ion insertion, decrease the diffusion barrier of Zn2+ ion insertion, and enhanced the electronic conductivity of the material for electron transport. In result, the CoVO-PANI@CC//2 M ZnSO4//AC@CC can reach the areal capacitance of 847.3 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. Following 2000 times at 50 mA cm−2, the CoVO-PANI@CC//2 M ZnSO4//AC@CC maintains a retention rate of 81.37 %, and can achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 100 %. The assembled flexible ZIHS device exhibits excellent flexibility and stability, with an areal capacitance of 775.6 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of CoVO-PANI@CC as a cathode material for ZIHS.

Bimolecular Salt Strategy Enhances Heteroatom Doping and Porosity Optimization of Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors.

The incompatibility between electrolyte ions and electrode pore sizes, coupled with the extensive use of activators and dopants, significantly restricts the fabrication of porous carbon materials. Consequently, developing environmentally sustainable and efficient methodologies that exploit the intrinsic properties and pretreatment of materials to facilitate self-activation and self-doping becomes crucial. In this study, potassium histidine and magnesium histidine molecular salts were synthesized as precursors, enabling specific ion activation and bimetallic template-directed tunable porosity through a one-step carbonization process. Notably, the ratio of bimolecular salts significantly influenced the porous structure of carbon, the properties of heteroatoms, and the electrochemical performance. By optimizing the ratio, the porous carbon materials exhibited high accessibility to electrolyte ions and effective ion/electron transport channels. Consequently, the optimal sample (NOSPC-2) achieved a high specific capacitance of 318 F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and a good capacitance retention rate of 98.8% after 50,000 cycles at 5 A g-1. In addition, NOSPC-2 also boasted high energy density and power density, reaching 22 Wh kg-1 and 25 kW kg-1, respectively. This research represents a significant stride in advancing preparation technologies for small molecule derived porous carbon materials, providing valuable insights for the rational design of carbon electrode materials for capacitive energy storage.