Capability Index Research Articles

Cyber-Resilience Evaluation Methods Focusing on Response Time to Cyber Infringement

Though multilevel, in-depth information protection systems are employed to defend against unknown cyber threats, vulnerabilities in these systems are frequently exploited by cyberattacks. As a result, it becomes challenging to comprehensively counter these attacks within a constrained time frame. When a cyberattack is detected, immediate measures are necessary to prevent widespread damage and maintain the system’s regular functioning. Possessing sustainable cyber-resilience capabilities, which can promptly restore the system to its pre-attack state, is crucial. In this paper, a cyber-defense activity optimization procedure is introduced, drawing on the failure recovery time of the information system, aiming to enhance both the response and recovery phases of cyber resilience. Through training, the response time for various types of cyberattack was determined. Notably, a decrease in response time by 17.8% compared to the baseline was observed. By optimizing response times and integrating them with sustainable cyber-resilience assessment activities, a robust framework is presented for evaluating an organization’s overall cyber-defense stance. Research on the cyber combat capability index, dissecting the response time for each distinct cyber-defense activity, is planned for future endeavors.

Applications of a new loss and cost-based process capability index to electronic industries

In this article, we propose a new process capability index called C pmc ′ which is based on asymmetric loss function (linear exponential) and tolerance cost function for a normal process which provides a tailored way of incorporating the loss and tolerance cost in capability analysis. Next, we estimate the proposed PCI C pmc ′ when the process follows the normal distribution using six classical methods of estimation and we compare the performance of the considered methods of estimation in terms of their mean squared errors through simulation study. Besides, five bootstrap methods are employed for constructing the confidence intervals for the index C pmc ′ . The performance of the bootstrap confidence intervals (BCIs) are compared in terms of average width and coverage probabilities using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, for illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed index and methods of estimation and BCIs, two real data sets from electronic industries are re-analyzed.

Process machining allowance for reliability analysis of mechanical parts based on hidden quality loss

The machining allowance variation is significant for the reliability of a part during the machining process. Usually, when the machining allowance of a part increases, the machining and production cost also increase. When the machining allowance decreases, the machining surface will have defects. The parts will produce many scraps and reliability will decrease. The machining allowance of a part consists of multiple process machining allowances. To analyze the impact caused by machining allowance variation, the hidden quality loss and process machining allowance are combined through the process capability index (PCI). Then the asymmetric quadratic quality loss function (AQF) and quadratic exponential function (QEF) are used to analyze them. A prediction model of hidden quality loss of process machining allowance is proposed. On the premise that the quality characteristic value obeys normal function distribution, a numerical model is given and used to obtain process machining allowance-inherent reliability of the product. The actual case is used to compare and verify the two models.

Designing a variables two-plan sampling system with adjustable acceptance criteria for lot disposition

The variables acceptance sampling plan and variables acceptance sampling system (VASS) based on process capability indices (PCIs) have gotten greater attention recently because they can efficiently validate product quality in variables measurement scales. In the VASS, the variables quick-switch sampling system (VQSS) and variables tightened-normal-tightened sampling system (VTSS) are the basic two-plan sampling systems. Compared to the VQSS, the VTSS is more flexible and adaptive because it empowers practitioners to adjust the rule-switch mechanism. Recent studies on the PCI-based VTSS have only focused on the sample size type, denoted as VTSS-I. However, VTSS-I requires a large sample size in the tightened inspection, leading to increased inspection costs and delays in distribution. In this article, we proposed an acceptance criterion-type VTSS, denoted as VTSS-II, based on unilateral PCIs. By comparing the proposed VTSS-II with the existing VTSS-I, the VTSS-II can significantly reduce the inspected sample size and has superior discrimination power. Because the rule-switch mechanism of the VTSS-II is adjustable, we created a cloud-computing app to provide an easy way for practitioners to obtain the optimum system design.

Transformasi Digital InsurCo dengan Merancang Pengelolaan Risiko Teknologi Informasi Menggunakan Framework COBIT 2019 IT Risk Management Focus Area

Rapid advancements in Information Technology (IT) play a vital role in fostering innovation within a company. Previous research has successfully identified the significance of IT Governance and Management (ITGM) in the process of Digital Transformation (DT). However, a more comprehensive analysis is needed to understand the role of IT risk management in supporting such changes, particularly through a case study on the insurance company InsurCo. This study employs the Design Science Research (DSR) method, utilizing interview data and the COBIT 2019 IT Risk Management Focus Area framework to design an IT risk management approach that supports InsurCo's DT. Capability assessments, gap analysis, potential improvements, improvement designs, roadmap development, and impact estimation of implementation have been executed on seven ITGM components. InsurCo, being a State-Owned Enterprise, is bound by the regulation PER-2/MBU/03/2023 concerning the Guidelines for Governance and Significant Corporate Activities of State-Owned Enterprises. Additionally, the Financial Services Sector Master Plan 2021-2025 highlights the acceleration of DT. The prioritized ITGM objectives required by InsurCo are derived from three design factor determinations: focus areas, design mechanisms, and ITGM mechanisms concerning DT, resulting in the following prioritized ITGM objectives: APO12 Managed Risk, EDM03 Ensure Risk Optimization, and DSS04 Managed Continuity. There is an estimated average capability increase of 3.57% across these three ITGM objectives. The research outcome presents a recommended design for the seven components of the governance system, aiming to enhance the IT risk management capability index within InsurCo. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the concept of prioritizing IT risk management to support organizational digital transformation, specifically providing practical implications for InsurCo to bolster the success of their strategic programs, and benefit the insurance industry.

Process Capability and Performance Indices for Discrete Data

Process capability and performance indices (PCIs and PPIs) are used in industry to provide numerical measures for the capability and performance of several processes. The majority of the literature refers to PCIs and PPIs for continuous data. The aim of this paper is to compute the classical indices for discrete data following Poisson, binomial or negative binomial distribution using various transformation techniques. A simulation study under different situations of a process and comparisons with other existing PCIs for discrete data are also presented. The methodology of computing the indices is easy to use, and as a result, one can have an assessment of the process capability and performance without difficulty. Three examples are further provided to illustrate the application of the transformation techniques.

Concordance between the Work Capability Index and the Years of Surviving Disability Estimated using the PoRT-9LSQ methodology

To analyze the association between lifestyles and health risk factors that can lead to prematurely leaving work, with the expected Years Lived with Disability (AYLD) in a working population, and to calculate the correlation between the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Work Ability Score (WAS), and then both of these with the AYLD and its economic cost. A cross-sectional study in a sample of workers who underwent a health examination. The information was collected using the ICL and WAS questionnaires, applying the PoRT-9LSQ methodology. Linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the association between the risk factors and AYLD. The correlation between WAI and WAS was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and then between each of these the AYLD and its economic cost using adjusted linear regression. Results: A total of 590 workers were included. Factors that most influenced the average AYLD were a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and overweight/obesity, with statistically significant differences according to sex, shift, and occupation (p<0.05). An ICC of 93.0% was found between ICL and WAS, a good/excellent rating. The adjusted linear regression between ICL and ADSE was 7.982-0.136xICL (p<0.05), and was similar for WAS. Conclusions: The WAI is useful for predicting AYLD in the working population. This can facilitate decisionmaking by health personnel to identify vulnerable people, encouraging changes in lifestyle and self-care.

Fault-tolerant control strategy aiming at motion capability optimization for space manipulator with joint effectiveness partial loss failure

Aiming at the perturbation of motion capability and the deviation of end effector from its desired trajectory caused by joint effectiveness partial loss failure, a fault-tolerant control strategy considering motion capability optimization is proposed to ensure that the faulty space manipulator can carry on-orbit operation tasks. Firstly, the joint effectiveness partial loss failure model is established, and the kinematic and dynamic model of the faulty manipulator is established based on the failure model. The kinematic and dynamic coupling relationship of the faulty manipulator is also analyzed. Then based on sliding mode control, the fault-tolerant control strategy that ensures the end effector trajectory tracking and base orientation deflection attenuation is designed. Meanwhile, the motion capability optimization model is designed based on the redundancy characteristic of the manipulator and combined with the fault-tolerant control system. This combined system can realize end effector trajectory tracking, base orientation deflection attenuation, and motion capability optimization at the same time. Finally, simulation experiment is carried out to verify the proposed fault-tolerant control strategy for the faulty manipulator. The result shows that the proposed fault-tolerant control strategy can realize end effector trajectory tracking, base orientation deflection attenuation, and motion capability optimization with high control accuracy, high convergence rate, and significant motion capability optimization effect. For both joint velocity partial loss and joint torque partial loss failure, the duration of convergence is less than 0.5 s, the steady-state error is less than 1×10-4 m for end effector position and less than 1×10-5 degree for base orientation deflection, and the motion capability indexes have been raised by over 40%.

Assessing spatial equity in urban park accessibility: an improve two-step catchment area method from the perspective of 15-mintue city concept

Ensuring equitable access to urban parks is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of cities. In the post-COVID era, the concept of the 15-minute city has gained significant attention, emphasizing human-scale urban design and fine-grained governance. This study introduces an improved two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to accurately assess park accessibility and spatial equity in Guangzhou, considering the 15-minute city perspective. Firstly, a more effective framework is proposed to identify multiple park entrances that serve as supply points. Secondly, the population distribution is estimated using building areas and locationbased data through a random forest model. Furthermore, the supply capability index is estimated by considering the area of each park and its attractiveness index, derived from multiple geographic data sources. The results reveal unequal park accessibility in Guangzhou, with low-access areas mainly distributed on the fringe of study area in both walking and cycling scenarios due to the limited park supply or high-density population. With the influences of park entrances and the park attractiveness index, the spatial inequity of park accessibility may be more severe than previously estimated in other studies. This work enhances the understanding of park accessibility and facilitate effective planning for sustainable development and reducing environmental injustice.

ADJUSTING OFF – CENTERING PROCESS FOR A BLOW MOLDED PLASTIC PRODUCT BY USE OF WINQSB SOFTWARE

In most manufacturing processes, and in spite of statistical control, several process capability indices refer to non conformance of the true mean (µc ) from the target mean ( µT ), and the variation is also high. In this paper, data have been analyzed and studied for a blow molded plastic product (Zahi Bottle) (ZB). WinQSB software was used to facilitate the statistical process control, and process capability analysis and some of capability indices. The relationship between different process capability indices and the true mean of the process were represented, and then with the standard deviation (σ ), of achievement of process capability value that can reduce the standard deviation value and improve production out of theoretical control limitations and cost reduction.The study exhibits that when adjusting the center to the target value by adjusting the mold to the machine, the capability index (C ) enhanced by (14.56 %), capability index ( p C ) is enhanced by (14.48 %), pk capability index (Cpm ) is enhanced by (12.5 %) and accuracy index (Ca ) is enhanced by (14.49 %). The percentage of the specification band used up by the process ( P ) is reduced by (12.8 %) and the degree of variation increases.

Enhancing Vessel Segment Extraction in Retinal Fundus Images Using Retinal Image Analysis and Six Sigma Process Capability Index

Enhancing Vessel Segment Extraction in Retinal Fundus Images Using Retinal Image Analysis and Six Sigma Process Capability Index

GAIT MEASUREMENT METHODS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES

Gait analysis is one of the highly focused research areas inviting attention of academicians and practitioners. Being a prominent analytical tool to detect the abnormalities and onset of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), abundant literature is published in this area. Though a large number of gait analysis methods (GMSs) for motion analysis are available in the literature, very few studies are available to showcase the comparative analysis and applicability of various techniques. This study seeks to provide useful recapitulation of various gait measurement methods and interrogates the relative prevalence of various GMS based on the applications by various researchers. The paper summarizes the findings of a systematic review on gait measurement methods carried out using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Fifty-three research papers published during 1998–2021 were included for critical review. The categories of gait measure ment systems were further compared based on certain criteria such as portability, cost, and accuracy, and ranked using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The review helped to encapsulate various aspects of gait analysis, especially, the types of tasks, types of gait parameters (GPs), and the gait measurement systems adopted. The study provides suitable mappings between these factors and offers comparison between the gait measurement systems using a specially devised capability index. It further provides useful guidelines for selecting the gait systems based on the criteria.

The evaluation of land use cover changes through the composite approach of Landsat 8 and the land use capability index for the Bedadung watershed

Land use changes become a problem that contributes to the decline in the watershed function and performance. Bedadung watershed divides Jember Regency, which has upstream from Mount Raung and a downstream Indonesian Ocean. During the last ten years in Jember, there has been a flood from the overflow of the Bedadung river, which is unable to accommodate water from upstream. It is alleged that the cause of flooding in upstream of the Bedadung watershed is land cover and land capability that has changed. The purpose of this study was to assess land use changes using a composite approach to Landsat 8 imagery and land capability index for the upstream of the Bedadung watershed. The results showed that land cover of the Kesambi sub-watershed during 1995-2020, forest decreased by 34.74%, settlements and open land decreased by 47.25%, dry land increased by 120%, while plantations and rainfed rice fields were fixed. The decrease in forest area can disrupt the water cycle, thereby increasing runoff volume and water discharge, causing flooding downstream of the Bedadung watershed and upstream of the Bedadung watershed. Land capability evaluation of the upstream of Kesambi sub-watershed, area of Bedadung watershed was mostly in class III, covering 5782.9 hectares (85.53%), class IV covering 214.8 hectares (3.18%), class VI covering 379.7 hectares (5.62%), and class VII covering 383.9 hectares (5.68%) with limiting factors of effective soil depth, land slope/slope, erosion sensitivity, and drainage. Areas with class III land capability covering land mapping units 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 can be utilized as agricultural with good conservation technology, while land mapping units 4.5, and 8 are only capable for forest areas.

Research and Optimization of the Influence of Process Parameters on Ti Alloys Surface Roughness Using Femtosecond Laser Texturing Technology

One of the major disadvantages of Ti alloys is their poor wear resistance. To increase their wear resistance, before applying a wear-resistant layer, the surface of the substrate should be carefully prepared to ensure the required coating adhesion. Femtosecond laser (fs) texturing is a technology that can be used for surface texturing of Ti alloys because it enables a controlled heat input on a small surface area. The process of laser texturing is very sensitive to the choice of input parameters, such as the number of passes (P) and laser power (W), the choice of which may significantly influence the ultimate surface roughness values (Ra). It cannot be expected that by using the fs process a given default Ra value will be achieved, but it is assumed that the obtained roughness values will be within the given interval. As a result of this research with a significance level of 95% using a design of experiments (DOE) and Monte Carlo simulations, a general linear model of Ra = f (P, W) and optimal input parameter intervals (P and W) of laser texturing were obtained both for the given interval as well as for the default surface roughness value (Ra). Considering that an industrial process is involved here, a process performance capability index (Cpk) has been also defined, which shows that optimal process parameter intervals give roughness values for the given interval or given default roughness value.

Analisis Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah dan Potensi Pertumbuhan Kabupaten/Kota di Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2017-2021

This study aims to analyze the independence of regencies/cities in South Sulawesi Province and prospects for their economic development using a quantitative approach with share, growth, elasticity, quadrant, and Financial Capability Index (IKK) analysis methods. The results of the study show: (1) the average share value of districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province during the 2017-2021 period describes that they are not fully independent in terms of sources and allocation of regional budgets; (2) in general, the average growth rate for districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province during the 2017-2021 period show that they have good prospects and expectations for economic growth; (3) based on the quadrant mapping results, Makassar City and East Luwu Regency are in Quadrant I. In Quadrant II, there are Bantaeng, Soppeng, Gowa, Maros, Sidenreng Rappang, Enrekang, Luwu, Bulukumba, Pare-pare, Pinrang, Selayar Islands Regencies, North Toraja, Takalar, Barru, Jeneponto, and Sinjai, where almost all of them are natural resource producing areas. Furthermore, there are no districts/cities that are included in Quadrant III. In Quadrant IV, several regencies such as Bone, Palopo, Pangkajene Islands, Tana Toraja, Wajo, and North Luwu fall into this category; (4) the classification of the financial capability index resulting from the share, growth, and elasticity index values, which is equal to 0.48, is in the high category. In the pattern of regional financial capacity relations, most districts/cities in South Sulawesi Province have a consultative relationship pattern, thus the central government's interference has begun to decrease and the regions are considered capable of implementing regional autonomy.

Analisis Potensial dan Peluang Pengembangan Wilayah dalam Kerangka Pembentukan Daerah Otonomi Baru

This study aims to find out the potential and direction of strategy development as a development area that is encouraged to become a New Autonomous Region in Luwu Regency. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach using LQ analysis, scalogram, Regional Financial Centrality and Capability Index. The results of the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis in the formation of the Central Luwu New Autonomous Region found that the economic sectors classified as base sectors with a value of LQ&gt;1, namely the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector amounted to 2.39, electricity and gas procurement amounted to 1.23, real estate amounted to 1.54 and health services amounted to 1.25 percent. The results of the scalogram analysis show limited facilities and infrastructure, where from the calculation of the range of scalogram order which is divided into 5 groups, there is only one sub-district that is included in order I, namely, Lamasi District, Order II in Walenrang District, Order III North Walenrang District, Order IV in East Walenrang District, while West Walenrang District occupies Order V The low degree of decentralization with the pattern of instructive relationships and the very low level of financial independence, caused the local government of Luwu County to be unable to finance the overall development program. This study aims to find out the potential and direction of strategy development as a development area that is encouraged to become a New Autonomous Region in Luwu Regency. This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach using LQ analysis, scalogram, Regional Financial Centrality and Capability Index. The results of the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis in the formation of the Central Luwu New Autonomous Region found that the economic sectors classified as base sectors with a value of LQ&gt;1, namely the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector amounted to 2.39, electricity and gas procurement amounted to 1.23, real estate amounted to 1.54 and health services amounted to 1.25 percent. The results of the scalogram analysis show limited facilities and infrastructure, where from the calculation of the range of scalogram order which is divided into 5 groups, there is only one sub-district that is included in order I, namely, Lamasi District, Order II in Walenrang District, Order III North Walenrang District, Order IV in East Walenrang District, while West Walenrang District occupies Order V. The low degree of decentralization with the pattern of instructive relationships and the very low level of financial independence, caused the local government of Luwu County to be unable to finance the overall development program.

The Relationship Between Hospital Capability and Mortality in Sepsis: Development of a Sepsis-Related Hospital Capability Index.

Regionalized sepsis care could improve sepsis outcomes by facilitating the interhospital transfer of patients to higher-capability hospitals. There are no measures of sepsis capability to guide the identification of such hospitals, although hospital case volume of sepsis has been used as a proxy. We evaluated the performance of a novel hospital sepsis-related capability (SRC) index as compared with sepsis case volume. Principal component analysis (PCA) and retrospective cohort study. A total of 182 New York (derivation) and 274 Florida and Massachusetts (validation) nonfederal hospitals, 2018. A total of 89,069 and 139,977 adult patients (≥ 18 yr) with sepsis were directly admitted into the derivation and validation cohort hospitals, respectively. None. We derived SRC scores by PCA of six hospital resource use characteristics (bed capacity, annual volumes of sepsis, major diagnostic procedures, renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation, and major therapeutic procedures) and classified hospitals into capability score tertiles: high, intermediate, and low. High-capability hospitals were mostly urban teaching hospitals. Compared with sepsis volume, the SRC score explained more variation in hospital-level sepsis mortality in the derivation (unadjusted coefficient of determination [ R2 ]: 0.25 vs 0.12, p < 0.001 for both) and validation (0.18 vs 0.05, p < 0.001 for both) cohorts; and demonstrated stronger correlation with outward transfer rates for sepsis in the derivation (Spearman coefficient [ r ]: 0.60 vs 0.50) and validation (0.51 vs 0.45) cohorts. Compared with low-capability hospitals, patients with sepsis directly admitted into high-capability hospitals had a greater number of acute organ dysfunctions, a higher proportion of surgical hospitalizations, and higher adjusted mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.25-1.92). In stratified analysis, worse mortality associated with higher hospital capability was only evident among patients with three or more organ dysfunctions (OR, 1.88 [1.50-2.34]). The SRC score has face validity for capability-based groupings of hospitals. Sepsis care may already be de facto regionalized at high-capability hospitals. Low-capability hospitals may have become more adept at treating less complicated sepsis.

Comparing the sequential and the repetitive Cpk sampling plans

AbstractThe index Cpk was created to quantify the ability of the process to produce products within the upper and lower specified limits (USL/LSL); but in the last two decades, the sample estimator of the capability index Cpk has also been used to decide whether a lot should be accepted or not; if the value of a sample of size n, randomly taken from the lot, is lower/larger than a threshold, then the lot is rejected/accepted. The sampling plan based on the value is known as the Cpk sampling plan. In recent publications, the Cpk sampling plan has been combined with the repetitive sampling scheme. In short, with the repetitive sampling scheme the Cpk sampling plan might be applied m times, consequently, the lot has m chances to be accepted; if the Cpk sampling plan is applied m times and the lot is not accepted, then the lot is finally rejected. The average number of inspected items per lot (ANI) the repetitive Cpk sampling plan (where m &gt; 1) requires to decide whether the lot should be accepted or not is larger than the sample size n of the standard Cpk sampling plan (where m = 1), because of that the repetitive sampling strategy is not recommended. In this article, we propose the sequential Cpk sampling plan where the is compared with two thresholds (c1; c2) with c1 &lt; c2; if the is lower (larger) than c1 (c2), then the lot is rejected (accepted); otherwise, the decision is left to the next sample. The ANI of the sequential Cpk sampling plan is a function of c1 and c2; depending on the choice of these two design parameters, the ANI of the sequential Cpk sampling plan is substantially lower than the sample size n of the standard Cpk sampling plan.

Construct the Optimum Process Model for Transistor Gaskets with Six-Sigma DMAIC

The improvement process of six-sigma DMAIC refers to the process that the industry performs to enhance process quality via the following five procedures: (1) define, (2) measure, (3) analyze, (4) improve, and (5) control. It is a common tool used in the industry to ameliorate and enhance process quality. In addition, the process capability index is a tool that the industry most frequently uses to measure process quality. Though many studies have discussed six-sigma methods, none of the specific theoretical models could be provided as a reference for the above five DMAIC improvement steps, making it difficult to control the effect. In order to solve this problem, this paper developed the multi-characteristic process capability analysis chart, MPCAC, using the process capability index and applied the method of statistical inference as a tool promoting define, measure, and analyze in the improvement process of six-sigma DMAIC. Additionally, the testing of the orthogonal table in the Taguchi method can efficiently assist process engineers in finding the optimum combination of machining parameters to improve or boost the process quality level of the quality characteristics by reducing the number and the cost of experiments. Therefore, this paper then adopted the testing of the orthogonal table in the Taguchi method as a tool for process improvement in the fourth step. Finally, according to the optimal combination of machining parameters improved in the fourth step, a standard operating procedure for transistor gaskets was established as a tool for process control in the fifth step.

Applications of process capability indices for suppliers selection problems using generalized confidence interval

In process capability indices, the generalized confidence interval (GCI) method has been used many times in several research articles. In this article, we have considered the supplier’s selection problems by using the GCI of difference between two process capability indices . We have considered two classical methods of estimation, viz. maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and maximum product spacing estimation (MPSE) to estimate . By using Monte Carlo simulation, we have obtained the biases and corresponding mean squared errors (MSEs) of . Here, we also find the lower confidence limit (L), upper confidence limit (U), and their corresponding average width (AW) for both classical methods MLE and MPSE. Three real data sets have been reanalyzed to illustrate the methodology of the supplier’s selection problem by utilizing the generalized confidence interval method.