Capabilities Of Scientists Research Articles

Моделювання металевих розплавів на рівні міжатомної взаємодії

The purpose of the work is to create a complex of basic models for predicting the primary physicochemical and thermophysical properties of metal melts for the targeted formation of a high-quality metal product and increasing its competitiveness. The basis for modeling is the original concept of directional chemical bonding, the core of which is the consideration of metal melts as chemically unified systems, rather than a mechanical mixture of constituent elements, and taking into account the contribution of all components, even in small concentrations. The work uses an important information component, which is a database on the properties of metallurgical melts, which is continuously updated with modern data and contains the results of own and industrial experimental research and literature search (articles, patents, inventions, scientific developments, monographs). The importance of databases is indisputable and requires them to be brought to the inter-branch and inter-university level with open access, as a separate instance for promoting the development of the scientific level and the capabilities of scientists. Adequate mathematical models were developed based on integral parameters of interatomic interaction, and additional consideration of micro-heterogeneity parameters in their structural formation ensured high accuracy of operational forecast (R2≥0.9). A comparative analysis of the obtained melting results with the corresponding calculations based on the JMatPro software complex confirmed the effectiveness of using the interatomic interaction parameters as model ones. The results of the research are recommended for use in industrial conditions for the purpose of targeted formation of the composition and properties of smelting products, as well as reducing energy costs and reducing defects due to the adoption of operational management technological decisions with the help of the integration of the developed models in the automated control systems of technological processes of steelmaking.

Guest editorial

PurposeThis paper examines and discusses the need for micro-level analyses of academic entrepreneurship and outlines a micro-level research agenda for the study of academic entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of academic literature on academic entrepreneurship, this study focuses on individual actors and suggests some future research agendas.FindingsThe authors highlight that more studies dealing with academic entrepreneurship need to take a micro-level perspective, thereby outline several fruitful avenues of research: (1) star scientists and principal investigators, (2) TTO professionals, (3) graduate entrepreneurs, (4) university administrators, (5) policy makers and funders as well as (6) micro-level organisational routines.Practical implicationsThis paper derives three main implications for management practice and policy. First, there is a real need to develop the managerial skills, competencies and capabilities of scientists and individuals. Second, policy makers need to ensure the necessary resources to pursue a paradigm shift towards more entrepreneurial thinking and action and create adequate incentives. Third, firms need to offer support and guidance on how to best commercialise and transfer scientific knowledge and ideally complement support structures of universities and research institutes.Originality/valueThis paper provides an organising framework for the study of micro-level academic entrepreneurship and emphasises the need to focus further on individual actors and how their actions, behaviours and approaches contribute to academic entrepreneurship in different institutional, environmental and cultural contexts.

Single Molecule Studies in Chemical Biology and Nanosciences

Modern ultra-sensitive instrumental skill and expertise on surface modification of single biological molecules have sharpened the capabilities of scientists to address important current problems and explore new frontiers in many sci- entific disciplines including chemistry, molecular biology, molecular medicine and nano-structured materials. Develop- ment in single molecule studies (SMS) and manipulation (SMM) in the past two decades has unearthed very important in- formation hidden in chemical biology and nanosciences that was not possible earlier by ensemble measurements. For ex- ample, studying motion of biological motors like ATP synthase, DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, etc could only be possible through single molecule manipulation. Single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and studies could, for the first time directly show the surface dependent catalytic activities of a catalyst and angular distribution of emission of single chromophore unit. Estimation of step size of linear motors like myosin, kinesin, dynein, etc. was possible due to the de- velopment of single molecule fluorescence imaging with one nanometer accuracy and other techniques. Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer could measure the distance between two moieties present in a single biomolecule and study the kinetics. Twisting DNA topoisomerase was directly observed by single molecule imaging technique. The dynamic properties of biomolecules through SMS have been expanding to DNA sequencing, sizing, conformational study, protein-DNA interaction, molecular motors, protein folding, conformational study, diffusion of single biomolecule in membrane, biomolecular reaction dynamics and single virus tracing etc. In this review our focus is to summarize some of the recent developments in single molecule studies and manipulation as mentioned above in chemical biology and nanosciences.

Single Molecule Studies in Chemical Biology and Nanosciences

Modern ultra-sensitive instrumental skill and expertise on surface modification of single biological molecules have sharpened the capabilities of scientists to address important current problems and explore new frontiers in many scientific disciplines including chemistry, molecular biology, molecular medicine and nano-structured materials. Development in single molecule studies (SMS) and manipulation (SMM) in the past two decades has unearthed very important information hidden in chemical biology and nanosciences that was not possible earlier by ensemble measurements. For example, studying motion of biological motors like ATP synthase, DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, etc could only be possible through single molecule manipulation. Single molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and studies could, for the first time directly show the surface dependent catalytic activities of a catalyst and angular distribution of emission of single chromophore unit. Estimation of step size of linear motors like myosin, kinesin, dynein, etc. was possible due to the development of single molecule fluorescence imaging with one nanometer accuracy and other techniques. Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer could measure the distance between two moieties present in a single biomolecule and study the kinetics. Twisting DNA topoisomerase was directly observed by single molecule imaging technique. The dynamic properties of biomolecules through SMS have been expanding to DNA sequencing, sizing, conformational study, protein-DNA interaction, molecular motors, protein folding, conformational study, diffusion of single biomolecule in membrane, biomolecular reaction dynamics and single virus tracing etc. In this review our focus is to summarize some of the recent developments in single molecule studies and manipulation as mentioned above in chemical biology and nanosciences.