CaO Catalyst Research Articles

Biodiesel from Avocado Seed Oil with CaO and CaO Super Basa Catalyst from Egg Shell Waste

One waste that can be used as raw material for biodiesel is avocado seeds. Generally, biodiesel from avocado seed oil is synthesized using a homogeneous base catalyst, NaOH or KOH. However, the yield of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) is still low, so it is necessary to make biodiesel using heterogeneous base catalysts such as calcium oxide (CaO) and super base CaO from eggshell waste. Avocado seed oil biodiesel was synthesized using the method of transesterification with a ratio of 1:6, and a super base CaO/CaO catalyst of 1.5% (w/w) of the weight of avocado seed oil was added. The use of the CaO catalyst produced a Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) of 98.21% with a biodiesel yield of 73.77%, while the use of a super base CaO catalyst produced a FAME of 98.47% with a biodiesel yield of 74.50%. Characterization of biodiesel using FTIR shows the presence of methyl, ether, alcohol, carbonyl, and ester functional groups (C=O and C-O bonds), which are characteristics of the resulting biodiesel trans-esterification. Based on the yield and physical and chemical properties, the avocado seed oil biodiesel produced is better using the super base CaO catalyst than the CaO catalyst.

Design of anti-saponification Ca-based catalyst with porous-shell structure from crustacean waste for biodiesel production

The rapid development of the biodiesel industry is of significant importance for achieving carbon emission reduction in the transportation sector. However, the presence of trace amounts of water in the feedstock during biodiesel synthesis may lead to severe saponification reactions, thereby reducing the yield of fatty acid methyl esters. In this study, based on our exploration of the characteristic of porous carbon to absorb moisture from the environment, we synthesized a CaO catalyst with porous carbon coating via discarded shrimp shell biomass. Because the carbonization temperature of organic matter in shrimp shells is lower than the decomposition temperature of CaCO3, the CO2 generated during pyrolysis can erode the pyrolytic carbon and form porous structure. The mesoporous carbon shell facilitates the diffusion of oil and methanol molecules while adsorbing moisture in the alcohol phase. This structure effectively minimizes the interaction between CaO and water, thereby suppressing saponification reactions and ensuring the smooth progression of the desired transesterification reaction. Through a series of physicochemical characterizations, the structure and water absorption performance of the catalyst were confirmed. The as-prepared CaO@PC-900 catalyst demonstrated the ability to maintain a biodiesel yield of over 85% in a reaction system with a water content of 3%, significantly surpassing the performance of commercial CaO and previously reported Ca-based solid bases. This work provides a new approach to the design of anti-saponification transesterification catalysts, while also offering a novel pathway for the synthesis of porous carbon from discarded crustacean biomass.

Impact of Local Structure in Supported CaO Catalysts for Soft-Oxidant-Assisted Methane Coupling Assessed through Ca K-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

Soft-oxidant-assisted methane coupling has emerged as a promising pathway to upgrade methane from natural gas sources to high-value commodity chemicals, such as ethylene, at selectivities higher than those associated with oxidative (O2) methane coupling (OCM). To date, few studies have reported investigations into the electronic structure and the microscopic physical structure of catalytic active sites present in the binary metal oxide catalyst systems that are known to be effective for this reaction. Correlating the catalyst activity to specific active site structures and electronic properties is an essential aspect of catalyst design. Here, we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Ca K-edge to ascertain the most probable local environment of Ca in the ZnO-supported Ca oxide catalysts. These catalysts are shown here to be active for N2O-assisted methane coupling (N2O-OCM) and have previously been reported to be active for CO2-assisted methane coupling (CO2-OCM). X-ray absorption near edge structure features at multiple Ca loadings are interpreted through simulated spectra derived from ab initio full multiple scattering calculations. These simulations included consideration of CaO structures organized in multiple spatial arrangements-linear, planar, and cubic-with separate analyses of Ca atoms in the surfaces and bulk of the three-dimensional structures. The morphology of the oxide clusters was found to influence the various regions of the X-ray absorption spectrum differently. Experiment and theory show that for low-Ca-loading catalysts (≤1 mol %), which contain sites particularly active for methane coupling, Ca primarily exists in an oxidized state that is consistent with the coordination environment of Ca ions in one- and two-dimensional clusters. In addition to their unique nanoscale structures, the spectra also indicate that these clusters have varying degrees of undercoordinated surface Ca atoms that could further influence their catalytic activities. The local Ca structure was correlated to methane coupling activity from N2O-OCM and previously reported CO2-OCM reactor studies. This study provides a unique perspective on the relationship between the catalyst physical and electronic structure and active sites for soft-oxidant-assisted methane coupling, which can be used to inform future catalyst development.

Optimizing Biodiesel Production from Hazelnut kernel oil and waste cooking oil with CaO catalyst Using RSM Approach

This study focused on optimizing biodiesel (BD) production from the hazelnut kernel oil and waste cooking oil using Box Behnken Design in Response Surface Methodology (RSM- BBD). The process was improved by employing CaO as a catalyst, with four variables including reaction temperature (50 to 70 °C), CaO catalyst concentration (2 to 6 wt%), stirring speed (300 to 500 rpm), and methanol-to-oil molar ratio (5:1 to 15:1). Through RSM-BBD, the optimal conditions for achieving maximum biodiesel yield were found to be a temperature of 50 °C, catalyst of 2 wt%, stirring speed of 500 rpm, and a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 10:1. These conditions caused in a biodiesel yield of 94.85%. The findings established that biodiesel derived from hazelnut kernel oil and the waste cooking oil not only presented a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels but also chances ASTM and EN biodiesel standards, making it suitable for industrial production.

Catalytic gasification of municipal solid waste using eggshell-derived CaO catalyst: An investigation of optimum H2 production, production distribution, and tar compounds

This study reports the optimum hydrogen (H2) production from municipal solid waste (MSW) via waste eggshell derived-CaO catalyst through gasification technology. The response surface model was applied to design the experiments and the data validation. Results showed that CaO catalyst had a better performance that enhanced 15 mol% more H2 production than non-catalytic gasification by mainly involving reaction temperature and catalyst loading as the critical parameters. Tar content was efficiently declined from 11.34 wt. % to 4.7 , wt. %, which ultimately elevated the H2 and syngas from 33.95 mol% to 51.27 mol% and 74.05 to 83.4674.05–83.46 wt. %, respectively. The model showed a strong interaction among the statistical parameters verified through the regression values; R2 = 0.990, P-value = 0.000005, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller techniques investigated the catalyst's structure hence; presented comparable results. From tar analysis, the aromatics were found as the dominant family followed by polycyclic aromatic, phenyls, aliphatic, aromatic heterocyclic, polycyclic, and aromatic ketones. Optimum H2 production of 51.27 mol% (with H2/CO ratio 2.82, LHV 9.47 MJ/Nm3, and H2 yield 22.74 mol kg-MSW−1) was produced which can be a better alternative to depleting fossil fuels and utilized for liquid fuel manufacturing and power generation.

Coprecipitation and hydrothermal synthesis of CaO from dolomite in the presence of Sapindus rarak extract for biodiesel production: catalysts characterization and optimization.

High-purity CaO cubic crystallites extracted from limestone exhibited excellent activity as base catalysts for waste cooking oil (WCO) conversion into biodiesel. Saponin from Sapindus rarak extract acted as a surfactant in CaO extraction and transformation into well-defined cubic microcrystallites. The application of saponin from Sapindus rarak extract as a surfactant for CaO production results in a high level of CaO purity and particle size reduction compared to directly calcined limestone (CaO-MgO). The catalytic activity was evaluated on CaO from hydrothermal and co-precipitation synthesis, MgO and CaO-MgO derived from limestone, giving hydrothermal CaO catalysts enhanced biodiesel yield. Optimization of transesterification conditions using Box Behnken Design response surface methodology achieved 92.40% biodiesel yield at 65 °C, 3 h reaction time and when using 5% of CaO catalysts.

An improved Symmetric Chaotic War strategy optimization algorithm for efficient Scanning electron microscopy image segmentation: Calcium oxide catalyst case

The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) device is a useful tool that enables scientists to obtain microscopic images that aid in noticing the changes happening on the surface of the catalyst. Manual inspection of these images by eye. However, might not be adequate to obtain a better understanding. The implementation of the segmentation method is a crucial step in streamlining image representation and resolving the issues associated with image analysis. A new Symmetric Chaotic War Strategy Optimization Algorithm (SCWSO) has been developed to accomplish accurate calcium oxide catalyst SEM image segmentation. It combines symmetric chaotic numbers of Hanon map in exploration and exploitation instead of randomness in order to achieve the best solutions quickly.The developed method has been put to the test using a variety of tests, where different variances were applied to WSO and evaluated, in addition SCWSO was applied to Images affected with noise degradation techniques (Salt and pepper effect) and was evaluated, Next, performance metrics, including fitness, peak signal-to-noise ratio, structure similarity index, feature similarity index, and mean square error were applied and used, and tested with various CaO catalyst SEM images in order to analyze its efficacy in CaO SEM image segmentation. The tests outcomes showed that the recommended method outperformed competing algorithms and successfully segmented CaO SEM images, allowing for easier identification of the catalyst images.

WASTE EGGSHELLS AS CATALYSTS: AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY APPROACH

Sustainability is crucial for the survival of mankind, ecosystem for the development of society. There have been huge amount of waste have been dumped which creates pollutions. Hence, from Green chemistry perspective it is a protocol to design heterogeneous catalysts which can yield products from waste products with minimization of wastes pollution with environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalytic process for the developed environmentally friendly products with longevity. Such green synthesized heterogeneous catalysts will replace the existing homogeneous process to heterogeneous catalysts being developed from waste materials. This abstract highlight key aspects on the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts derived from waste materials such as egg shell, rice husk for synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles developed, which can applied for biomass conversions, to environmental remediation, heterogeneous catalysts for organic transformations. These egg shell CaO catalysts are characterized using analytical techniques, such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric-Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, which gives its complete picture of its structure, porosity, morphology, thermal stability, reusability, and activity of catalysts. Hence heterogeneous catalysts developed from egg shell wastes and medical plants will become increasingly popular since two decades. Since, the egg shell waste is developed into egg shell CaO catalysts for cleaner, reusable, eco-friendly catalysts for economic growth for Namibia and other developing and underdeveloped countries.

Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of palm empty fruit bunch pyrolysis promoted by calcium-rich wastes from coastal-marine residue

Kinetics and thermodynamics of palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) pyrolysis have been determined in the presence of catalyst from clam shell (Anadara sp.) (CS) using thermogravimetric analysis. PEFB pyrolysis occurred in three stages (moisture and volatile removal, cellulose and hemicellulose, and lignin decomposition), with maximum degradation occurring at 200–400 °C. Activation energy calculated using the iso-conversional method varied from 89.80 to 169.63 kJ/mol for Friedman, 66.25–119.79 kJ/mol for FWO, 53.33–96.44 kJ/mol for KAS, and 50.90–92.04 kJ/mol for Starink. Pre-exponential factor values ranged from 104–1017 and 104–1014 s−1 for non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis. The thermodynamic parameters values varied from 47.28 to 99.44 kJ/mol for enthalpy, from 98.23 to 151.62 kJ/mol for Gibbs free energy, and from −0.0858 to −0.0808 kJ/mol for entropy. The reaction mechanism is dominantly second-order and complex. The analysis revealed that PEFB and CaO catalyst from CS are efficient biomass and effective catalyst for bioenergy production.

Production of low sulphurated diesel-like fuel from waste mineral and tire oils by pyrolytic distillation

In this study is to produce diesel-like fuel (DLF) from waste mineral and waste tire oil which are harmful to the environment and human health, desulfurization process of these fuels, and to compare these DLF according to diesel fuel (DF) standards. In this direction, DLF was produced by pyrolysis method from waste mineral and waste tire oil in a pyrolysis reactor. Depending on the temperature (200-380 °C), it was determined that the liquids obtained from pyrolysis have a high amount of sulfur content. In order to reduce the sulfur, a two-stage desulfurization method was applied. In the first stage, both DLF were treated with 10% perlite, CaO and zeolite catalysts in the basic desulfurization process. Since the sulfur content in diesel-like mineral fuel (DLMF) was within the limits of 0.1% (EN ISO 8754) DF pyrolysis liquid, it was determined that there was no decrease in sulfur content. However, the sulfur content of diesel-like tire fuel (DLTF) was removed by 25.3% with 10% volumetric perlite application. After desulfurization process, the second stage of acidic desulfurization was applied. As a result, using the basic approach reduced the sulfur level in the DLF, but applying an acidic solution increased it.

Calcium Oxide as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Production of Biodiesel

This study was carried out on biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using commercial and synthesized calcium oxide. Synthesized calcium oxide was prepared by calcination of the waste chicken bones at 800 Co for 7 hours. The prepared samples were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, EDX and N2-sorption at 77.3 K. The catalytic activity of these catalysts was investigated by transesterification of waste cooking oil with two types of alcohol (ethanol and methanol). The yields of biodiesel using synthesized CaO were 73% with methanol and 65.5% with ethanol, while using commercial CaO were 71 % and 63 %. The results indicated that the CaO catalysts derived from waste chicken bones showed high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts in transesterification of cooking oil with methanol and ethanol.

Efficient chemical depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate via transesterification with ethanol using CaO catalyst

Efficient chemical depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate via transesterification with ethanol using CaO catalyst

Sorption-enhanced biogas steam reforming over the Pb-modified Ni–CaO bifunctional catalysts

Sorption-enhanced biogas steam reforming (SESRB) can efficiently produce high-purity “green hydrogen” from biogas with the adaptability to high and variable CO2 content of biogas. The key challenge faced by SESRB is the rapid, sintering-induced decline of sorption capacity. Herein, a Pb-modified Ni–CaO bifunctional catalyst is prepared based on the adsorption of Pb2+ by CaCO3, in which the replacement of CaCO3 by PbCO3 is achieved on the surface of CaCO3. After thermal treatment, CaPbO3 was generated on the surface of CaO particles in the bifunctional catalyst, by which CaO particles are separated effectively, and thus the sintering of Ca species is weakened. 5Ni–8PbO–CaO as the optimum catalyst with only 7.9 wt% PbO maintains 57.6 % of the initial sorption capacity after 20 cycles, higher than that of 5Ni–CaO (40.5 %). Due to the excellent stability of the 5Ni–8PbO–CaO catalyst, high-purity hydrogen (94.1 vol%) with 95.0 % CH4 conversion is continuously obtained from biogas for 20 consecutive SESRB-decarbonation cycles.

Heterogeneously catalyzed palm biodiesel production in intensified fruit blender

This research investigated palm biodiesel production via solid base-catalyzed transesterification in an intensified kitchen fruit blender. Studied parameters included methanol to palm oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and reaction volume. XRD analysis showed a pure CaO phase after calcination while other characteristics illustrated good functionality of the catalyst. An optimal condition was achieved with 15:1 of methanol to palm oil molar ratio, 5 wt% of CaO dosage, 60 °C of reaction temperature, and 1,000 mL of reaction volume, obtaining the highest FAME production of 97.58% and yield efficiency of 1.47 × 10−3 g/J. The FT-IR illustrated an alteration of various functional groups through a reusability experiment demonstrating exceptional activity stability. The catalyst activity was decreased by only 15.8% in the 5th consecutive cycle. Properties of produced biodiesel conformed to international standards. This proved that biodiesel production using the CaO catalyst in the intensified kitchen fruit blender provides a positive effect on reuse, reduces wastewater from the washing process, lowers production costs, and is environmentally responsible to achieve high FAME yield due to the cavitation phenomena inside the reactor to generate fine emulsion of oil and methanol which could be easier to reach the active site of the CaO catalyst.

Modeling and optimization of biodiesel from high free‐fatty‐acid chicken fat by non‐catalytic esterification and mussel‐shell‐catalyzed transesterification

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, biodiesel was prepared from chicken fat via a transesterification reaction using Mussel shells as a catalyst. Pretreatment of chicken fat was carried out using non‐catalytic esterification to reduce the free fatty acid content from 36.28 to 0.96 mg KOH/g oil using an ethanol/ fat mole ratio equal to 115:1. In the transesterification reaction, the studied variables were methanol: oil mole ratio in the range of (6:1 ‐ 30:1), catalyst loading in the range of (9‐15) wt%, reaction temperature (55‐75 °C), and reaction time (1‐7) h. The heterogeneous alkaline catalyst was greenly synthesized from waste mussel shells throughout a calcination process at different calcination times of (1‐5) h and temperatures of (700‐900) °C. The catalyst was characterized using BET, SEM, EDX, XRD, and FTIR.RESULTSIn the transesterification reaction, the best values of the studied parameters were: 21:1 methanol: oil molar ratio, 12 wt% catalyst loading, 5 h reaction time, and 63°C reaction temperature, which gave 96.2% methyl esters content. For catalyst synthesis, it was found that the optimum calcination conditions were 900 °C and 3 h, which resulted in a specific surface area of 10.5 m2/g and a large pore volume of 0.0033 cm3/g.CONCLUSIONA calcium oxide catalyst was successfully prepared from mussel shells. This catalyst was used to transesterify the chicken fat into biodiesel. The prepared catalyst exhibited a high active surface area and a pore volume, confirming that the CaO catalyst produced from waste mussel shells worked effectively, steadily, and affordably to produce renewable biodiesel. The best working conditions for the transesterification reaction were determined using the central Composite Design method (CCD). © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Application of pharmaceutical waste as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of waste cooking oil: biofuel production and its modeling using predictive tools

In this study, for the first time, pharmaceutical waste was used as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce biofuel from waste cooking oil (WCO). An efficient and low-cost heterogeneous catalyst was prepared from waste tablets of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and magnesium oxide (MgO). A certain amount of alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3) was added to the pharmaceutical waste to participate in the transesterification of the WCO, which positively affected mass yield. The mentioned catalysts were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses. According to the BET analysis, the specific surface of the catalysts increased. Also, the effects of various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, catalyst loading, and the oil: methanol ratio were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was coupled with a firefly optimization algorithm to predict biofuel yield. Under optimum conditions (Al2O3 0.952 wt%, catalyst 4.978wt%, oil:methanol ratio 0.5 vol:vol, reaction time 120 min, and reaction temperature 69.6 °C), the mass yield of MgO and CaO catalysts was 95.6 and 90.4 wt%, respectively. The composition of biofuel was identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Hydrogen production from Al catalytic hydrolysis using highly active Nano composite CaO-AlOOH/Graphene oxide (GO) catalysts derived from eggshell and cauliflower stems

The hydrolysis of lightweight Al-based materials to produce hydrogen is a promising technology for compact hydrogen fuel cell production. However, developing nanostructures on a wide scale and at a low cost remains a major challenge. Herein, the high catalytic effect of CaO-γ-AlOOH/Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanocomposites (NCs) catalyst for hydrogen generation from Al and H2O reaction is discussed. These γ-phase aluminum oxyhydroxide Nanorods (NRs) (γ-AlOOH) on GO were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. High crystalline CaO-γ-AlOOH/GO NCs prepared bya mechanical grainingwithCaO nanoparticles (NPs). Experimental results show that small amounts of GO and CaO composite into γ-AlOOH NRs have high catalytic performance on the Al/H2O reaction for hydrogen generation at 25℃. In the catalysis process, the presence of oxygen on the catalyst surface promotes the formation of hydroxyl groups through a chemisorption process, further enhancing the catalytic activity. Because of high OH– concentrations in the local domain with a rise in the amount of Al(OH)3 precipitate byproduct, Al corrodes quickly and totally in a weak alkaline solution (pH < 8) after several contributions of Al batches. Accordingly, this research developed an excellent prediction for considering the Al reaction rate with H2O using CaO and/or GO composite crystalline γ-AlOOH catalyst.

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Using Natural and Chemical Materials as Catalyst

Due to the greenhouse effect of increased fossil fuel use, resulting in an increase in the period during which fossil fuels will remain available. Because of its advantages for the environment and its production from renewable resources, biodiesel has grown more appealing. As there is a supply of used cooking oil, interest in producing biodiesel is rising. This research examines how CaO and sawdust function as heterogeneous catalysts in transesterification regarding ethanol to produce bio-diesel from the used cooking oil. The impacts of the subsequent variables on the yield of the created biodiesel were investigated. Those parameters include the catalyst concentration (0.5-3 wt%), reaction period (1-4 hr), the molar ratio of ethanol to oil (8:1– 20:1), and temperature (45 to 80 °C). This led to the discovery that CaO catalyst is more efficient compared to the sawdust catalyst, with the maximum percentage yield being 75% for the sawdust catalyst and 95% for the CaO catalyst under catalyst conditions (0.50%), ethanol oil molar ratio of 20:1, and 65 Celsius temperature for 3 hours. It was evident from the results that the biodiesel fuel produced by the catalyst developed in this study fell within the acceptable range of biodiesel fuel.

Analysis of waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCO) synthesis with TiO2 impregnated CaO from waste shells nano-catalyst

The development of clean and renewable energy sources has become crucial due to the rapid rise in crude oil prices, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and increase in environmental pollution caused by various industries. Due to this phenomenon, biodiesel has emerged as a renewable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional diesel fuel because it is non-toxic and biodegradable. WCO is one of the best resources in biodiesel production which has a high potential such as saving ecological systems, improving pollution by clean emissions, preventing food supplies and more economic. However, this WCO cannot be used directly in diesel combustion engines due to their properties are not good as diesel fuel. Thus, it needs to be converted as biodiesel fuel before apply. In the biodiesel synthesis process, the catalyst for instance KOH, NaOH, HCL, H2SO4 etc. plays a significant role to increase their yield but also needs a washing process. Currently, the synthesis of WCO biodiesel using CaO-TiO2 nanoparticles as a catalyst could be an excellent alternative because it eliminates the biodiesel’s washing step and the catalyst can be reused. Hence, the cost of biodiesel production will be reduced. CaO catalyst was produced by using waste cockle and sea snail shells as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst. In addition, TiO2 impregnated CaO nanoparticles also have been studied through the ultrasonication process for the improvement in thermo-physical properties of catalyst reaction. It showed that the 15:1 ratio is the ideal ratio for the conversion of biodiesel production for both catalysts, which are 94.58% by using CaO catalyst and 98.78% by using CaO-TiO2 catalyst. Furthermore, the optimum average reaction time is 150 min, equivalent to 2.5 h and catalyst loading is 2.3 wt%.

Study on the catalytic thermal decomposition of metal-hydride (NaH) to enhance the hydrogen desorption characteristics

BackgroundSodium hydride (NaH) is considered a potential hydrogen storage material to generate hydrogen for fuel cell applications. The thermal decomposition required higher temperature, and a significant portion of NaH remains undecomposed. Thus, a suitable catalyst is required to lower the decomposition temperature and increase the hydrogen generation rate. ResultA series of catalyst/NaH hydrogen storage materials were systematically investigated. The facile solution method was used to synthesize the composite material with CaO, CaF2, and CaCl2 as catalysts. The hydrogen generation via thermolysis from the composite material was studied using in-situ flow reactors. The generated hydrogen was quantified using a gas chromatograph (GC). Adding CaO (catalyst) was beneficial to lower the thermolysis temperature of NaH, and the hydrogen generation increased from ∼0.31 wt% to ∼1.94 wt% at 100 °C. The CaO assisted in the dispersion of NaH and lowered the activation energy to decompose and generate more hydrogen by thermolysis at low temperatures. The synthesized composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies. ConclusionThe generation of hydrogen was ∼1.94 wt% with 10CaO/NaH >1.68 wt% with 5CaO/NaH >1.61 wt% with 15CaO/NaH >1.41 wt% with 20CaO/NaH >0.31 wt% with pure NaH at 100 °C.