Canthus Rostralis Research Articles

A New Species of theHypsiboas polytaeniusClade from Southeastern Brazil (Anura: Hylidae)

Abstract. A new species of the Hypsiboas polytaenius clade is described from Itapecerica da Serra (23°43′S, 46°51′W, 906 m elevation; datum WGS84), State of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The new species is characterized by its medium snout-vent length (SVL) for the group (SVL 27.1–29.1 mm in males; 31.2 mm in female), head width 31.1–33.9% of SVL in males, 37.8% in female, snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views, calcar appendix and supra-cloacal crest absent, webbing poorly developed between fingers, moderately developed between toes, and dorsal color pattern composed of four wide pale brown stripes, intercalated by three brown stripes, arranged longitudinally. The four pale brown stripes join to form two stripes anterior to the eyes and then join again at the tip of snout. Within these pale brown stripes, narrow longitudinal brown lines, complete or broken, occur. The pale brown marginal stripes show, on the external border, a white line passing over the canthus rostralis, edge of the upper eyelid, ...

A new tuberculated Pristimantis (Anura, Terrarana, Strabomantidae) from the Venezuelan Andes, redescription of Pristimantis pleurostriatus, and variation within Pristimantis vanadisae.

A new tuberculated Pristimantis is described from the eastern versant of the Venezuelan Andes. The new species is found in cloud forest at around 1600 masl on the eastern side of the Cordillera de Mérida. It is distinguished from other similar tuberculated species by its round, ill-defined canthus rostralis, ill-defined canthal stripe, and absence of pale spots on the groin and posterior surface of thighs. Pristimantis pleurostriatus is a poorly known species found in cloud forest on the western slopes of the Venezuelan Andes. We redescribe the species based on topotypic specimens. Pristimantis vanadisae is a polychomatic species varying dramatically in pattern; four chromotypes are described. Molecular data are presented which distinguish among tuberculated and other species of Pristimantis in the Cordillera de Merida. Molecular data also support placement of Mucubatrachus and Paramophrynella in Pristimantis.

A new species of the Scinax catharinae group (Anura, Hylidae) from Serra da Canastra, southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

We describe Scinax pombali sp. n. a new species of treefrog of the Scinax catharinae group from Serra da Canastra, municipality of Capitólio (20°36'03''S, 46°17'34.9''W, 987 m a.s.l.), located in the Cerrado domains of the State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. The new species is characterized by its small size, blotches and color pattern on dorsal surface and hidden regions of flanks and thighs, canthus rostralis lightly concave and well marked, absent nuptial pad, and lack of externally differentiated inguinal gland. Additionally, we describe the tadpole of this new species, which is characterized by the large-sized oral disc and presence of a large number of marginal papillae (two to three rows on its dorsal portion and some rows in unorganized arrangement on its lateroventral portion).

A new dwarf Agama (Sauria: Agamidae) from Ethiopia

A new dwarf lizard of the genus Agama Daudin, 1802 (Sauria: Agamidae), is described from central Ethiopia. This dwarf agama (< 59 mm snout–vent length [SVL]) was compared with other dwarf congeners (< 65 mm SVL) in West, Central, and East Africa and to medium-sized agamas (< 92 mm SVL) occurring in the Horn of Africa. The new species is characterized by a homogeneous body scalation; keeled but nonmucronate dorsal scales; smooth ventral, gular, and upper head scales; and having the nasal scale on the canthus rostralis. It is morphologically well differentiated from all congeners to which it was compared in having a nuchal crest, few tufts of short spinose scales, and the nasal scale on the canthus rostralis and can further be identified by its large occipital scale, smooth gular and ventral scales, and keeled, but not strongly mucronate or spinose, dorsal scales. The new species may live in colonies, like many of the larger rock Agama species, and based on the presence of multiple age classes at the same time of year, it is probably not an annual species, as are some other dwarf Agama. The affinities of the new species are unclear but, on zoogeographic grounds, may lie with congeners to the west of the Rift Valley.

A new Scinax Wagler belonging to the S. catharinae clade (Anura: Hylidae) &lt;br /&gt;from the State of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil

A new species of the Scinax catharinae group, morphologically similar to S. strigilatus, is described from Municipality of Murici (09°12′S, 35°52′W, 509 m a. s. l.), State of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil. Scinax muriciensis sp. nov. is characterized by the medium size (adult males SVL 27.0‒28.9 mm), W-shaped interocular spot, green flash color in the inguinal region and hidden areas of thigh and shank, rounded snout in dorsal view, externally distinguished vocal sac, marked canthus rostralis, vomerine teeth in two straight series, non-developed nuptial pad, presence of supernumerary tubercles on feet, lack of externally well developed inguinal glands, foot webbing formula I – II 11/2–3+ III 11/2–21/2 IV 21/2–11/2 V. This is the northernmost distribution in the Scinax catharinae clade.

A new Scinax of the S. catharinae species group from Central Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)

A new species of Scinax Wagler, 1830 belonging to the S. catharinae species group is described from the state of Goias, in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil. Scinax skaios sp. nov. is characterized by short snout-vent length (males ranging 23.2-29.6 mm; females 30.7- 36.1 mm), snout subovoid in dorsal view and protruding in lateral view; no tubercle on canthus rostralis; an inverted triangular interorbital blotch; no externally expanded vocal sac; dorsal skin texture moderately rugose; absence of a thick externally well differentiated inguinal gland; hidden areas of the thigh with vermiculate color pattern. The descriptions of the vocalizations are provided.

New Species of Stefania (Anura: Cryptobatrachidae) from Northern Amazonas, Brazil

A new species of Stefania (Anura: Cryptobatrachidae) from northern Amazonas, Brazil, is described. Three specimens were collected in the Parque Nacional do Pico da Neblina, municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas State, northern Brazil, at 110–850 m elevation in dense closed canopy forest and in dense closed canopy montane forest. The new species is characterized by head length slightly greater than width, canthus rostralis concave, toes more than 50% webbed, dorsal skin smooth or shagreened. This is the first record of a species of Stefania endemic to Brazil.

A new species of casque-headed tree frog, genus Aparasphenodon Miranda-Ribeiro (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae), from the Atlantic Rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil

A new species of Aparasphenodon is described from patches of arboreal restinga within the Atlantic Forest Biome, in a region known as Baixo Sul in southern Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Aparasphenodon arapapa sp. nov. is promptly diagnosed from other Aparasphenodon mainly by having small size (male snout-vent length 57.4–58.1 mm), loreal region flattened and wide, and canthus rostralis rounded and poorly elevated. The wide and flattened snout resembles that found in Triprion and Diaglena, and possibly is a parallelism (homoplasy) related to the phragmotic behavior of casque-headed tree frogs to their microhabitat usage. The decision to allocate the new species in the genus Aparasphenodon is discussed in detail, as the single morphological synapomorphy of the genus, the presence of a prenasal bone, is insufficient to morphologically relate the new species to Aparasphenodon, Triprion, or Diaglena.

Description of two new species of Sphaenorhynchus (Anura, Hylidae) from the State of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

Two new hylid frog species of the genus Sphaenorhynchus are described from Lagoa Nova (17 o 57’89”S, 40 o 25’80”W), Fazenda Gemada, Municipality of Mucurici, State of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Sphaenorhynchus botocudo sp. nov., a medium sized species (SVL 23.9–29.3 mm in males), is characterized by snout truncate in dorsal view and acute in profile, tympanum concealed, presence of a black line from the tip of snout to eye, delimiting the canthus rostralis, a distinctive longitudinal white spot under the eye, and a white stripe delimited above and below by clear brown lines, from the posterior corner of eye to the groin. Sphaenorhynchus mirim sp. nov., a small sized species (SVL 15.7–18.2 mm in males), is distinguished by the snout truncate in dorsal view and rounded, slightly acute in profile, tympanum concealed, vocal sac developed, single, subgular, extending to the chest and entering the arms, whithout longitudinal lateral folds, vomerine teeth absent, absence of a black line from the tip of snout to eye, absence of distinctive longitudinal white spot under the eye, and absence of white stripe or brown lines on dorsolateral region.

A new species of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India

A new species of the oriental shrub frog genus Philautus is described from Kakkayam Reserve Forest of Calicut district, Kerala state, in the southern Western Ghats. This species is distinguished from congeners by the combination of characters such as body small, elongate, squat and flat; head arched, wider than long; snout short rounded, equal or sub equal to diameter of eye; canthus rostralis rounded; tympanum indistinct but visible; eyes protruding, pupil with striking golden yellow dentition like marks; belly granular; vocal sac unpigmented; fleshy brown to cream yellow dorsum with two distinct golden yellow lateral bands bordered by dark brown from upper eyelid to the posterior part of flanks. A description of the advertisement calls and ecology and natural history notes are also provided for the new species which so far is only known from the type locality.

A new species of Scinax (Anura, Hylidae) of the S. ruber clade from Minas Gerais, Brazil

We describe a new species of treefrog from the ruber clade of the genus Scinax, from Serra do Cabral, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Scinax cabralensis is characterized by a small size, slightly arched and faintly distinct canthus rostralis, spotted pattern of coloration on dorsum, thighs with transversal bars, granular skin on dorsum and venter, rounded snout in dorsal view, and distinct advertisement call. Additionally, data on advertisement and territorial calls and notes on natural history and habitat are provided.

A New Island Species of Scinax (Anura; Hylidae) from Southeastern Brazil

Abstract A new species of hylid frog, from the genus Scinax, is described from Ilha de Porcos Pequena at the southern coast of Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The new species belongs to the Scinax perpusillus species group and is diagnosed by the following set of characters: moderate-size (males 16.2–18.8 mm SVL, female 18.8–20.6 mm SVL); canthus rostralis distinct and well defined; V-shaped depression between nostrils; eyes protruding and prominent, glandular skin surface of legs. This new species is found only on Ilha de Porcos Pequena, an island of approximately 24 ha and, therefore, is threatened because of restricted range size and susceptibility to habitat modification.

A new and threatened species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from Queimada Grande Island, southeastern Brazil

We describe a new species of hylid frog, Scinax peixotoi, from Queimada Grande Island, southeastern Brazil. The new species belongs to the Scinax perpusillus species group, in which all known forms inhabit bromeliads, and is diagnosed by the following set of characters: moderate-size (males 18.8–20.7 mm SVL, females 22.4–25.1 mm SVL); canthus rostralis distinct; dorsal skin slightly rugose; and a distinct advertisement call with relatively low dominant frequency. The new species is known from a single population on Queimada Grande, an island of 43 ha, approximately 33 km distant from the coast of São Paulo State, where it inhabits scattered patches of bromeliads. The highly specialized and patchy habitat of S. peixotoi, associated with its small range size, make this species highly susceptible to stochastic or anthropogenic habitat disturbances, which could lead it to extinction.

A new and threatened species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from Queimada Grande Island, southeastern Brazil

We describe a new species of hylid frog, Scinax peixotoi, from Queimada Grande Island, southeastern Brazil. The new species belongs to the Scinax perpusillus species group, in which all known forms inhabit bromeliads, and is diagnosed by the following set of characters: moderate-size (males 18.8–20.7 mm SVL, females 22.4–25.1 mm SVL); canthus rostralis distinct; dorsal skin slightly rugose; and a distinct advertisement call with relatively low dominant frequency. The new species is known from a single population on Queimada Grande, an island of 43 ha, approximately 33 km distant from the coast of São Paulo State, where it inhabits scattered patches of bromeliads. The highly specialized and patchy habitat of S. peixotoi, associated with its small range size, make this species highly susceptible to stochastic or anthropogenic habitat disturbances, which could lead it to extinction.

Two new species of Philautus (Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae) from the Western Ghats, India

AbstractThe oriental shrubfrog genus Philautus (Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae) is a large group of direct-developing frogs that still holds several undescribed species on the Indian subcontinent. Here we describe two new species, Philautus anili sp. nov. and Philautus dubois sp. nov. from Wayanad (Kerala) and Kodaikanal (Tamil Nadu), respectively. Both species were collected from the township, where they are abundant in roadside vegetation and gardens, illustrating that several of the most common Western Ghats frogs are still not scientifically described. The two species are clearly distinct from all known species, but are morphologically similar to each other. However, Philautus anili differs from P. dubois by its larger snout-to-vent length, the sharp canthus rostralis, and the tibia that is longer than the femur.

A new frog of the genus Alsodes (Leptodactylidae) from the Tolhuaca National Park, Andes Range, southern Chile

AbstractA new species, Alsodes igneus, from the temperate Nothofagus forest, western slopes of the Andes Range, southern Chile, is described. This species is characterized by the combination of the following characters: snout short slightly truncated in dorsal view, a black ribbon extending below the canthus rostralis, unbarred legs and arms, heel not reaching the posterior border of the eye when hind leg is bent forward, toes scarcely fringed, webbing absent, dorsal surface granular. Its karyotype has 26 bi-armed chromosomes and it is characterized by presenting the secondary constriction and nucleolus organizer regions in the short arm of pair seven.

A new species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from rocky montane fields of the Serra do Cip , Southeastern Brazil

Scinax curicica, a new species of treefrog of the Scinax ruber group is described from southeastern Brazil. The new species was previously considered as a slightly different population of Scinax duartei from State of Minas Gerais and is characterized by subacuminate snout in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; canthus rostralis straight to nearly curved; brown to gray dorsal background with a interocular blotch extending in two longitudinal stripes to inguinal region with or without interruptions; yellow flash color blotches on hidden surfaces of thigh; height of caudal fins of tadpoles; advertisement call with multipulsed note, large number of pulses, and long call duration. Descriptions of the advertisement call, tadpole and data on natural history are provided.

A new species of Physalaemus (Amphibia; Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil

A new species of leptodactylid frog, Physalaemus atlanticus, is described from Ubatuba, northern coast of S o Paulo in southeastern Brazil. The new species belongs to the Physalaemus signifer species group and is characterized by the following set of characters: small size (males 20.1 22.1 mm SVL, females 21.0 23.9 mm SVL); canthus rostralis distinct; dorsal skin texture smooth to slightly rugose; belly orange in life; advertisement call with duration of 0.6 0.84 s and frequency between 0.9 1.8 kHz. Descriptions of the advertisement call and tadpole are provided, as well as information on natural history.

Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and Description of Two New Reproductive Modes

Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and Description of Two New Reproductive Modes

A New Species of Megaelosia from the Mantiqueira Range, Southeastern Brazil

-A new species of frog of the genus Megaelosia is described. The new form closely resembles Megaelosia massarti and is distinguished from it by coloration pattern and number of chromosomes. Natural history notes, tadpole description, and a discussion on the conservation status of the new species are provided. Megaelosia (Mir.-Rib., 1923) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) species are known to occur in forested mountain rivers of the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil (Giaretta et al., 1993). The genus was recently reviewed, and four species were recognized (Giaretta et al., 1993). Recent findings of Megaelosia individuals in the Mantiqueira Range revealed a new species. Here the new species is characterized by aspects of its morphology, coloration, and karyotype. In addition, notes on natural history and tadpole morphology are provided. The conservation status of the new species is discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The new species was collected at the Parque Florestal do Itapetinga (23?15'S; 46?45'W, 1250 m asl), Atibaia municipality, Mantiqueira range of Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The Serra da Mantiqueira is badly defined in its continental face and, in the Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states, the east border runs approximately parallel to the coastal Serra do Mar (Fig. 1) (Moreira and Camelier, 1977). The terminology and measurements used in the specmens description follow Lynch (1971) and Giaretta et al. (1993). Tadpoles identification were based in comparisons among developmental series and staging follows Gosner (1960). The karyotype was based on eight mitotic metaphases obtained from the gills of two tadpoles. Herpetological works in the type locality of the new species have been carried out since 1991 (Giaretta, 1994) and, since just one species of Megaelosia was found there, there is little chance in confounding congeneric tadpoles. Terminology in the karyotype description follows Levan et al. (1964). The types and voucher specimens are housed in the Museu de Historia Natural da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (ZUEC) (Campinas, SP, Brazil). Megaelosia boticariana sp. nov. Holotype.-ZUEC 9561, a 74.9 mm SVL female bearing immature eggs, collected in March 1994 in the Parque Florestal do Itapetinga, Municipality of Atibaia, state of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Paratypes.-ZUEC 9562, a 78.1 mm SVL female (Fig. 2) bearing immature eggs, collected in November 1993; ZUEC 9563, a 46.8 mm SVL juvenile, collected in April 1993. All individuals were collected in the type locality (Fig. 1). Diagnosis (See also figures in Giaretta et al., 1993).-Snout round in dorsal and lateral views; fold of fifth toe not reaching the outer metatarsal tubercle; dorsum of fingers smooth; no evidence of scutes on finger tips; belly finely reticulated, 30 pairs of chromosomes. The new speces differs from M. goeldii in snout shape and in the extension of the fold of the fifth toe; from M. lutzae in snout shape; from the holotype of M. bocainensis (Giaretta et al., 1993) by the absence of scutes and tubercles on the fingers and by having the tympanum partially covered by the supratympanic ridge; from M. massarti by showing a finely reticulated belly and females about 28% smaller in size. Description of the Holotype (Fig. 3).-Snout outline round in dorsal and lateral views; canthus rostralis evident and straight; lores concave; tympanum distinct, small, about 32% of the eye diameter; maxillary arch with fanglike teeth; one large vomerine tooth between and slightly posterior each choanae; a round median pin-like process in the mandibular symphysis region, which has a correspondent case in the maxillae. Finger length II < IV < I < III; upper surfaces of fingers smooth. Dorsal surfaces of body, belly, throat, upper surface of upper arms, thighs, and forearms smooth. Lower surfaces of thighs smooth anteriorly and finely granular posteriorly. Supratympanic ridge conspicuous, comThis content downloaded from 157.55.39.205 on Sun, 04 Dec 2016 04:54:59 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms NEW SPECIES OF MEGAELOSIA