Cantala Fiber Research Articles

Influence of Water Immersion on Flexural and Impact Strength of Microcrystalline Cellulose-added Unsaturated Polyester-matriced Composites Strengthened by Untreated, Fumigated and Alkalized Cantala Fibers

Influence of Water Immersion on Flexural and Impact Strength of Microcrystalline Cellulose-added Unsaturated Polyester-matriced Composites Strengthened by Untreated, Fumigated and Alkalized Cantala Fibers

The Influence of Alkali Treatment and Multi Fraction Cantala Fiber Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Composite on Mechanical Properties and Morphological

The Influence of Alkali Treatment and Multi Fraction Cantala Fiber Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Composite on Mechanical Properties and Morphological

Effect of alkaline treatment time of fibers and microcrystalline cellulose addition on mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester composites reinforced by cantala fibers

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of alkaline treatment and addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the density, tensile strength, elastic modulus, impact strength, and Poisson’s ratio of unsaturated polyester resin composites reinforced by cantala fibers (UPR-CFs). The fibers were immersed in alkaline solution of 6% NaOH for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. The composite had cantala fibers (CFs) and MCC volume fraction (v f) of 30 and 5%, respectively. The results showed that the alkaline treatment for 6 h resulted in the highest density, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the composites, while the highest Poisson’s ratio was achieved in UPR-untreated CF composites. The addition of MCC filler also increased the density, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the composite significantly. Both alkaline treatment and MCC addition did not significantly affect the impact strength. With the increase in the strength and modulus of elasticity, composites can be applied more widely to structures that bear higher loads.

Investigation of mechanical and viscoelastic properties of Agave cantala fiber-reinforced green composites for structural applications

This study explored using cellulosic plant fibers as composite-reinforcing materials for structural applications. Specifically, a green composite material was created using Agave cantala fiber (ACF) and an epoxy matrix with weight fractions ranging from 30% to 60%. The laminates were fabricated using a compression molding technique, which involved alternating layers of resin and fibers on a flat mold. The fibers were uniformly aligned, and the resin was layered over them. The mold was then covered with polyethylene film to ensure that voids were minimized, and the mold was compressed for 12 h at ambient temperature. Four different samples were created by varying the fiber and resin weight percentages, with ACF30 containing 30% fiber and 70% resin, ACF40 containing 40% fiber and 60% resin, ACF50 containing 50% fiber and 50% resin, and ACF60 containing 60% fiber and 40% resin. The resulting composites were characterized to investigate their mechanical properties and it was found that the 40% ACF laminates had the maximum tensile, flexural, and compressive moduli and strengths. Additionally, viscoelastic characteristics were evaluated, and the 40% ACF composite demonstrated the highest storage and loss moduli. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to interpret the interface between the fibers and the matrix at the fracture surfaces. These findings suggest that cellulosic plant fibers have the potential as reinforcement materials for creating high-performance composites.

The Effect of Microcrystalline Cellulose on the Physical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Composites Based on Cantala Fiber and Recycled High-Density Polyethylene

ABSTRACT This research is conducted to improve the performance of plant fiber-based composites by inserting microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). MCC was incorporated into a mixture of recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and cantala fiber at a ratio of 1, 2, 3, and 4% wt. The composites rHDPE/cantala fiber/MCC were fabricated via a twin screw extruder followed by a hot press. The composite’s mechanical, physical, and thermal properties were tested to investigate the effect of adding MCC. It was observed that the enhancement of MCC led to a significant improvement in the mechanical performance of the composite. Adding 4%wt MCC resulted in a significant improvement in mechanical properties of 50.7%, 31%, and 37.7%, respectively, in tensile strength, bending strength, and impact strength compared to rHDPE/cantala composite without MCC. Adding MCC up to 4% wt slightly increased the composite density from 0.88gr/cm3 to 0.90 gr/cm3. The enhancement of MCC did not significantly change the diffraction peak position of the composite. However, composite crystallinity increased by 6.7%. In addition, the augment of MCC increased the thermal stability of the composite, as indicated by the delay in composite degradation.

Tension Strength and Fiber Morphology of Agave Cantala Roxb Leaves due to Liquid Smoke Immersion Treatment

In this work, we investigate the fiber tensile strength of the Agave cantala roxb leaves based on the treatment of immersion in liquid smoke which was obtained from mature coconut shells. Four different time variations of treatments, namely, one hour, two hours, three hours, and four hours, have been carried out. After the immersion, we investigated the chemical contents of the Agave cantala using scanning electron microscope (SEM) which is equipped by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, the tension strength is tested using tensile strength plus 50 N. The test is applied for a single Agave cantala fiber. The results of the tensile test of single fiber showed an increase in tensile strength when compared with fiber tensile strength without immersion. The tensile strength of a single fiber of Agave cantala leaves increased with increasing duration of immersion time. After reaching a certain strength, however, the strength of the fiber decreases. The tensile strength of a single fiber without immersion is 192.85 MPa and the highest is 670.82 MPa for Agave cantala after immersion for three hours, with an elongation of 0.68 mm. By increasing the tensile strength of Agave cantala through liquid smoke immersion treatment, it can potentially improve its performance as a material composite reinforcement.

The Effect of Alkali Treatment And Microcrystalline Cellulose Addition on Density Value of Cantala Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

<p>Natural fiber reinforced composites is one materials potentially developing in Indonesia. One of biggest problem with composites specimen is its void. One properties to find out void of composites is composites density value. The objective of research is to investigate the effect of fiber alkali (NaOH) treatment and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) addition on density value of cantala fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Firstly, cantala fibers was submerged into alkali (NaOH) 6% solution for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours. Furthermore, the fiber was washed using acetid acid and then using clean water to reach pH 7. Thereafter, cantala fiber was dried in the oven for 10 hours at temperature 60<sup>0</sup>C. Composites was composed of cantala fiber, unsaturated polyester polymer matrix, and microcrystalline cellulose according to the composition with volume fraction 30%. Composites was casted using compression molding method with compressive strength of 10 MPa for 12 hours. All specimens of composites undertake post cure for 2 hours at 60<sup>0</sup>C. Density test was conducted using densimeter by calculating the density of composites in the air and the water. The result of research showed that the longer the alkali treatment time and the more addition of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) filler, the higher is the composites density. The higher density value of cantala fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester is alkali treatment 6 hours, which was 1.223 gr/cm<sup>3</sup>.</p>

Investigation of Agave cantala-based composite fibers as prosthetic socket materials accounting for a variety of alkali and microcrystalline cellulose treatments

This study was aimed to determine the mechanical strength of composites made from Agave cantala with an unsaturated polyester matrix and microcrystalline cellulose. Cantala fiber (CF) was treated with 6% NaOH with immersion times of 0 h (UF), 3 h (AK3), 6 h (AK6), 9 h (AK9), and 12 h (AK12). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis shows that treated CF has higher thermal stability than CF without treatment. Cantala fiber was tested by X-ray diffraction. After alkali treatment with a 6-h soaking, it had a crystallinity index of 73.65%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the fibers were cleaner after alkali treatment because hemicellulose, wax, and other impurities were removed. Examination of the contact angle and surface energy showed that treated CF has smaller contact angles and greater surface energy.

Experimental investigation on mechanical characteristics of composite reinforced cantala fiber (CF) subjected to microcrystalline cellulose and fumigation treatments

This study examined cantala fiber (CF) that was subjected to fumigation treatment to increase interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and fiber mechanical properties. The CF was fumigated for 0 h, 5 h, 10 h, and 15 h using coconut skin for fumigation at a temperature of ±60 °C. X-ray diffraction was performed, and the crystallinity index (Cr.I) increased after fumigation. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and derivative TGA revealed a decrease in hemicellulose content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that fumigation treatment for up to 10 h resulted in a cleaner CF surface. The contact angles of water and ethylene glycol with CF were measured, and the results showed that the contact angle decreased with increased treatment time and increased wetting. The resulting IFSS showed that the interaction between the CF and the matrix increased with fumigation treatment. Testing of the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of composites with unsaturated polyester matrix and Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) showed that fumigation treatment for 10 h produced the best results.

Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposite Made from Cellulose Nanofibers

A method using a combination of acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic homogenize were developed to obtain the CNF (cellulose nanofibers) from agave cantala fibers. Acid hydrolysis method able to produce the CNF with a diameter around of 45-50 nm, which can investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The homogenize mixing method between CNF 5 wt% colloidal and 3 wt% PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) with magnetic stirrer 350 RPM, at temperature of 50 °C, for 30 minutes followed by ultrasonic homogenizer has been causing CNF well distributed in the PVA matrix. PVA/CNF nanocomposites film was prepared by solution casting technique. Physical properties test by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) shows highly crystalline of CNF which indicates improvements the mechanical properties of PVA/CNF nanocomposite film. The tensile stress and elongation at break of PVA/CNF nanocomposite film were increased by 55 % and 137 %.

Thermogravimetry and Interfacial Characterization of Alkaline Treated Cantala fiber/Microcrystalline Cellulose-Composite

The effects of alkali treatment on morphology, thermal stability, and interfacial shear strength of cantala fiber (CF) were investigated. CF untreated and treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for soaking times 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, and 15 h. The results of untreated and treated fibers were observed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of scanning electron microscopy on the CF surface showed cleaner fibers and increased surface roughness by alkali treatment. Alkali treatment has changed the characteristics of the fiber surface topography as seen in the SEM results. CF with soaking over 6 h occurs of damage to the fibrils and fiber structure. Prolonged treatment results in poor fiber quality. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is used to measure the amount and rate of change in CF weight that is not treated and treated. The results of the study show that alkaline treatment improves most of the fiber’s properties. The thermal stability of treated CF is higher than that of untreated. Interface shear strength tests show that fiber with 6% treatment, and 6 h soaking, gives the most upper strength of 3.67 MPa, an increase of 47.39% if compared before treatment. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were increased with alkali treatment and the addition of microcrystalline cellulose.

Alkali Treatment Effect on the Tensile and Impact Properties of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Short Cantala Fiber

In this study, an environmentally friendly composite was prepared from cantala fiber and recycled high-density polyethylene. Alkali treatment was utilized to improve the fiber–matrix interface of cantala fiber. The alkali treatment was carried out with a 2% NaOH solution for periods of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours. Various recycled high-density polyethylene composites reinforced with treated and untreated short cantala fiber were produced by hot press. The tensile and impact properties of the composites were examined to reveal the effect of alkali treatment. Changes in fiber–matrix bonding were investigated via composite fractography using scanning electron microscopy. A study of fiber morphology and other supporting tests, such as the fiber tensile test, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared microscopy were also carried out. The results show that the addition of alkali-treated fiber to recycled high-density polyethylene composites enhanced the composites’ tensile and impact performance: Tensile strength improved by 15.5% and impact strength by 24.8%.

Effect of NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber) on flexural strength of composite friction brake

The friction brake is one of the key components in vehicle braking system. Friction mechanism in the braking system demands the brake lining to maintain its fraction coefficient and mechanical properties in various conditions. Research on the manufacturing process and material selection in the production of composite friction brake has been extensively conducted to obtain the expected characteristics. The purpose of research was to investigate the effect of the Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) on the flexural strength of brake composites which composed of NBR, phenolic resin, cashew dust, fly ash, cantala fiber, graphite and CaCO3. NBR is commonly used as the filler composite in the production of composite friction brake. NBR is the copolymers of synthetic rubber made of acrylonitrile and butadiene which is resistant to heat and pressure. The three-point bending method was conducted to obtain flexural strength of composite friction brake materials according to the ASTM D790 standard. The result showed that NBR had effect on the flexural strength of the specimens. The flexural strength of the composite friction brake increases with increasing NBR filler content. NBR increases the flexural strength of composites due to its effect on improvement of the interfacial strength between fiber and matrix. The additions of 12% fractions volume NBR have the highest flexural strength.

Physical and Thermal Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers (CNF) Extracted from Agave Cantala Fibers Using Chemical-Ultrasonic Treatment

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) have been extracted from agave cantala fibers by using chemical-ultrasonic treatment. The raw fibers have been subjected to alkali and bleaching treatments followed by acid-hydrolysis. The characteristics of cantala fibers such as their morphology through scaning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron micrsoscop (TEM), fourier transform analysis (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have been analyzed. The CNF extracted from cantala fiber had uniform diameters of 45-50 nm with 800-2000 nm in lengths. Change in the FTIR spectra of CNF indicated that hemicellulose and lignin were significantly removed during chemical treatment. The crystallinity index of CNF increased when chemical treatment followed by optimum-time ultrasonic treatment was applied. The TGA discovered that CNF was stable until 271 oC. Based on the properties, the CNF would be suitable for reinforcement of nanocomposites.

Frictional Characteristics of Friction Brake Material Using Cantala Fibers as Reinforcement

Frictional Characteristics of Friction Brake Material Using Cantala Fibers as Reinforcement

Application of taguchi method for selection parameter bleaching treatments against mechanical and physical properties of agave cantala fiber

The characterized agave cantala fiber in this research came from Sumenep, Madura, Indonesia was chemically processed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. The treatment with both solutions is called bleaching process. Tensile strength test of single fiber was used to get mechanical properties from selecting process of the various parameter are temperature, PH and concentration of H2O2 with an L9 orthogonal array by Taguchi method. The results indicate that PH is most significant parameter influencing the tensile strength followed by temperature and concentration H2O2. The influence of bleaching treatment on tensile strength showed increasing of crystallinity index of fiber by 21%. It showed by lost of hemicellulose and lignin layers of fiber can be seen from waveforms changes of 1735 (C=O), 1627 (OH), 1319 (CH2), 1250 (C-O) by FTIR graph. The photo SEM showed that the bleaching of fibers causes the fibers more roughly and clearly than untreated fibers.

The Influence of Chemical Treatments on Cantala Fiber Properties and Interfacial Bonding of Cantala Fiber/Recycled High Density Polyethylene (rHDPE)

ABSTRACTThe influence of chemical treatments on the properties of cantala fiber as well as on the quality of the interfacial bonding of cantala fiber/rHDPE was investigated. The fibers were treated with alkali, silane, and a combination of both. The results showed that the loss of hemicellulose and lignin after the alkali treatment, and the presence of a silane layer on the fiber surface after the silane or alkali-silane treatment, improved the thermal stability, surface energy, and IFSS. The highest surface energy of 45.37 mN/m was obtained during the alkali treatment (NF12). The alkali-silane treatment with 0.75% wt of silane (NSF075) gave the highest thermal stability and IFSS value.

Effect of cantala fiber as textile reinforcement on the flexural behaviour of polymer modified mortar

Cantala (Agave cantala), plant of the family Asparagaceae and its fibers, belongs to the leaf fibers group. These fibers are made into coarse twines at about 1.2 mm in diameter. The yarns of the cantala fiber are then interwoven to create textile reinforcements at two meshing size i.e. 5 x 20 mm and 10x20 mm. The textiles are used to reinforce polymer modified mortars to improve flexural properties of the mortars. This research aims to investigate the effect of textile reinforcement made from cantala fiber on the flexural behaviour of polymer modified mortar especially its strain hardening response. The parameters to be observed include strength, stiffness, thoughness, ductility and residual strength. The effect of the meshing size of the textile reinforcement on those properties are assesed. In addition, the efficacy of the cantala fiber textile reinforcement to improve the flexural properties of polymer modified mortar is compared with textile reinforcement made from wire mesh. The results indicate that an inclusion of short fibers could alter the post-peak behaviour of the mortar from brittle to ductile failure with softening response. Futher reinforcement of this mortar with cantala fiber textile would turn the softening response to a strain hardening response. The presence of cantala fiber textile reinforcement has minor effect on the flexural strength and stiffness. However, it significantly improve the thoughness, ductility and residual strength of the mortar. Cantala fiber textile reinforcement with a meshing size of 5x20 mm gives a greater increase on those post-peak properties compared to the the one with a meshing size of 10x20 mm. When comparison is made to the wire mesh, both cantala fiber textile reinforcements show a better properties.

Thermal and Tensile Mechanical Behavior of Polystyrene Graft Acetic Anhydride-Treated Pulque Fibers

In the present study, pulque (Agave cantala) fibers treated with acetic anhydride were grafted with styrene monomer by free radical graft copolymerization techniques. The grafted fibers were then characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile mechanical tests. Untreated raw pulque fibers were also taken as control for comparison. FTIR analysis confirmed the grafting of styrene monomer onto pulque fibers. It was also found that polystyrene graft acetic anhydride-treated pulque fibers displayed higher thermal resistance, improved tensile properties, and lower moisture content as compared to untreated raw pulque fibers.

Effect of Soaking Time in Alkali Solution on the Interfacial Shear Strength of Cantala Fiber/Recycled HDPE Composites

The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between natural fibers and thermoplastics matrix is one of the key parameters to increase the mechanical properties of composites. IFSS can be improved by alkali treatment. Therefore, the research is to investigate the influence of IFSS soaking time in alkali solution of cantala fiber/Recycled High Density Polyethylene (RHDPE) composites. Experimentally, cantala fiber/RHDPE composites were manufactured by simple hot press machine. Alkali treatment on the surface of cantala fibers was carried out on 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for a period time, i.e., 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours. The IFSS value of composites was observed using single fiber pullout test method. The result shows that the increase of soaking time in alkali solution could improve IFSS of cantala fiber/RHDPE composites by 43%.