Canonical Questions Research Articles

Post-pandemic Nature, Crisis, Catastrophes and Their Metaphorical Discourses. Editorial Introduction

This article provides an extensive theoretical introduction to the main topic of the special issue of the journal. The authors aim at updating the metaphoric discourse on the environmental crisis and climate change in the time recently challenged by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, concerning the central theme of the journal’s issue, the authors review the “catastrophic criticism” developed in environmental humanities and ask how the perspective of depicting elemental nature has changed since modernity and its technological approach to the living world. Another question is what kind of metaphors are needed to reflect on the catastrophes and crises we face; and how the very concepts of crisis and catastrophe function as metaphors in the theories developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. By reopening the question of agential nature distorted by crisis and catastrophe in a post-pandemic world, this article analyses the discursive and generic reappropriations of environmental risks, including the regional cultural background (e.g. the Chernobyl figure for CEE countries). An example which illustrates the irrelevance of nature theorized as a resource in modernity is taken from the canonical Question Concerning Technology by Martin Heidegger. It is followed up by critical Frankfurt School philosophers’ perspectives and is detectable in such environmentally loaded literature of Olga Tokarczuk’s. The authors’ findings show in this article how the pandemic realm has immensely repositioned how we read the leading theoreticians of catastrophic discourse. The examples are, e.g. Albert Camus or Oswald Spengler, and what texts we find relevant in the political, economic and social contexts of the debate on the contemporaneity of crisis and catastrophe, e.g. Niall Ferguson, Slavoj Žižek, Steven Pinker. In conclusion, this article draws on reopening the question on the role and authority of science in mitigating the climate and ecological crisis since the recent pandemic is an integral part of it.

Corporate headquarters in the twenty-first century: an organization design perspective

The corporate headquarters (CHQ) of the multi-business enterprise, which emerged as the dominant organizational form for the conduct of business in the twentieth century, has attracted considerable scholarly attention. As the business environment undergoes a fundamental transition in the twenty-first century, we believe that understanding the evolving role of the CHQ from an organization design perspective will offer unique insights into the nature of business activity in the future. The purpose of this article, in keeping with the theme of the Journal of Organization Design Special Collection, is thus to invigorate research into the CHQ. We begin by explicating four canonical questions related to the design of the CHQ. We then survey fundamental changes in the business environment occurring in the twenty-first century, and discuss their potential implications for CHQ design. When suitable here we also refer to the contributions published in our Special Collection. Finally, we put forward recommendations for advancements and new directions for future research to foster a deeper and broader understanding of the topic. We believe that we are on the cusp of a change in the CHQ as radical as that which saw its initial emergence in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. Exactly what form that change will take remains for practitioners and researchers to inform.

Canonicity in GFG and Transition-Based Automata

Minimization of deterministic automata on finite words results in a {\em canonical\/} automaton. For deterministic automata on infinite words, no canonical minimal automaton exists, and a language may have different minimal deterministic B\"uchi (DBW) or co-B\"uchi (DCW) automata. In recent years, researchers have studied {\em good-for-games\/} (GFG) automata -- nondeterministic automata that can resolve their nondeterministic choices in a way that only depends on the past. Several applications of automata in formal methods, most notably synthesis, that are traditionally based on deterministic automata, can instead be based on GFG automata. The {\em minimization\/} problem for DBW and DCW is NP-complete, and it stays NP-complete for GFG B\"uchi and co-B\"uchi automata. On the other hand, minimization of GFG co-B\"uchi automata with {\em transition-based\/} acceptance (GFG-tNCWs) can be solved in polynomial time. In these automata, acceptance is defined by a set $\alpha$ of transitions, and a run is accepting if it traverses transitions in $\alpha$ only finitely often. This raises the question of canonicity of minimal deterministic and GFG automata with transition-based acceptance. In this paper we study this problem. We start with GFG-tNCWs and show that the safe components (that is, these obtained by restricting the transitions to these not in $\alpha$) of all minimal GFG-tNCWs are isomorphic, and that by saturating the automaton with transitions in $\alpha$ we get isomorphism among all minimal GFG-tNCWs. Thus, a canonical form for minimal GFG-tNCWs can be obtained in polynomial time. We continue to DCWs with transition-based acceptance (tDCWs), and their dual tDBWs. We show that here, while no canonical form for minimal automata exists, restricting attention to the safe components is useful, and implies that the only minimal tDCWs that have no canonical form are these for which the transition to the GFG model results in strictly smaller automaton, which do have a canonical minimal form.

Special Issue: Advancing Statistical Methods for Testing and Evaluating Defense Systems

The DoD acquires highly complex systems that must be tested and evaluated before they are fielded to military users and used in actual operations. The statistical challenges are vast. Analysis challenges include non-normal data, messy and missing data, functional outcomes, limited data, and data from various types of activities that needs to be combined into a single evaluation. Additionally, these tests are often expensive and are conducted on ranges with limited availability. The systems are operated by military users and their time is valuable and hard to acquire. For all of these reasons, every data point that is requested from a test is scrutinized and evaluated. The tools and methods of experimental design have proven very useful in this regard. The articles in this journal highlight a collection of recent research from the consortium. They show the breadth of research necessary. The articles included showcase advances in experimental design for multiple response variables and space filling designs for simulation experiments that allow for the estimation of second-order effects. Bayesian methods highlighted addressing challenges for multiphase reliability assessments, accelerated reliability growth testing, and profile monitoring for nonlinear profiles. Model validation is addressed through a case study showing the usefulness of wavelets. Unique analysis challenges and their links to experimental designs are addressed in articles on split-plot reliability experiments and D-optimal designs for logistic regression with separation. Finally, one article address practical sample size challenges for testers and answers the canonical question of “How much testing is enough?” A unique aspect of this special issue of the journal is that we included reviewers from both the statistical academic community and those practicing statistics in DoD. I am extremely grateful for their suggestions and reviews, which further improved this special issue. The result is a diversity of research that showcases the depth and breadth of statistical challenges faced in the Defense context. However, they will also provide useful for anyone who works with complex systems or emerging technologies.

Vasari in Renaissance Straßburg

This article addresses the reception of the Vite in late-Renaissance Straßburg, examining how authors and artists in the circle of poet and satirist Johann Fischart (1546/47–c. 1590) and publisher-cum-woodcut carver Bernhard Jobin (before 1545–1593) responded to the book’s theories of art history and its evaluations of northern art and architecture. Though historians have long scrutinised the responses to Vasari embedded in the preface to the Accuratae effigies (1573), a text published by Jobin and attributed to Fischart, the reception of the Vite in sixteenth-century Straßburg proves more extensive and more nuanced than existing research on the preamble might indicate. In fact, a community of Straßburg residents associated with Jobin and Fischart, including Tobias Stimmer, Daniel Specklin, Conrad Dasypodius and Nikolaus von Reusner, produced a corpus of works that engaged with Vasari on questions of style, invention and canon. Reacting to the Vite through a chronicle of Rhineland building, technical treatises, architectural prints, and illustrated compendia of biographies and portraits, the Straßburg circle of Fischart and Jobin used heterogenous textual and visual genres to promote alternatives to the Vite’s narrative form and to revise its art historical account in projects that shaped early writing on art across the German-speaking realm. In light of their work, I contend, the reception of the Vite in sixteenth-century northern Europe now also appears more sympathetic to Vasari than has previously been argued. For Straßburg authors did not only contest Vasarian ideas—they also integrated Vasarian thinking within the emergent traditions of art history and art criticism in the German-speaking lands in ways that could alter our understanding of how concepts of style, invention, and canon operated in early modern German art theory.

“Too Broad and Deep for the Small Screen”: <em>Doctor Who</em>'s New Adventures in the 1990s

“Too Broad and Deep for the Small Screen”: <em>Doctor Who</em>'s New Adventures in the 1990s

What Is Your Mother's Maiden Name?

The history of online security questions demonstrates how hegemonic beliefs about gender and sexuality have come to dictate the terms of “authentic” selfhood in contemporary digital spaces. Best known for their role in web-based information management, security questions have a history in North America that stretches back more than a hundred and fifty years—from Irish immigrant banking in New York in the mid-nineteenth century, to the rise of personal computing in the 1970s and 1980s, to today. Across this history, security questions have been structured around heteronormative expectations about users’ lives and relationships. This is nowhere more evident than in the canonical security question, “What is your mother's maiden name?” To trace the evolution of the security question, this article surveys industry writings on authentication protocols from the 1850s to the present. It argues for a reevaluation of the often-unquestioned logics that perpetuate discrimination through technologies of data.

The (Im)Possibility of Comparativism: Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas and Miguel de Unamuno

The goal of this article is to explore textual connections between Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas and Miguel de Unamuno and to identify what might be the most fruitful paths for comparing Spanish and Lithuanian literature. The author notes that different possibilities for comparison depend on how much attention is accorded to each of the following three concepts: national literature, world literature, and general literature. When the concept of national literature is stressed it is typical for the idea that all national literatures have distinct paths of development to dominate, that the only “methodologically correct” juxtaposition is to compare direct relations between national literatures (influences, effects, appropriations, etc.). The concept of world literature is based on questions of international canon; these studies do not belong to the field of comparative literature per se, but are relevant to Lithuanian literary studies in terms of analysing reflections of international canonical elements in our literature. The basis of comparison that is most difficult to grasp methodologically is the concept of general literature. Drawing on it begs the question whether, if commonalities exist between different literatures (common tendencies, ideas, or themes), it is necessary to base research only on direct influences. The article comes to the conclusion that the most appropriate concept for comparing Lithuanian and Spanish literature is that of general literature. The comparative analysis of Vaižgantas and Unamuno uses a thematic approach, which makes it possible to see that these authors have much in common in terms of their positions in the literary field and their actual texts, despite the absence of direct biographical or textual connections.

A particular kind of ‘action-reaction’

In this article, I discuss a particular (and little studied) action-reaction exchange in Spanish and Romanian, consisting of a dyadic exchange where an exploratory speech act (i.e., a question) is followed by a sequence-dependent reactive speech act, which repeats parts or all of the trigger’s structure in an interrogative form. Rather than being a canonical echo question, the reactive speech act under discussion represents what I call an Interrogative Echo Response (IER), by virtue of the fact that it provides an answer of opposite polarity to that of the initiative move put forward by the questioner (or Interrogative Echo Reply, when the response may or must be explicitly provided after the sequence-dependent interrogative utterance). In both languages, these IERs (and IERps) have a distinct syntactic structure, and the discourse function they fulfill is that of rhetorically challenging the validity of the initial move and providing (or implying) a response of opposite polarity with regard to the triggering question.

문헌, 병증(病證)과 방제(方劑)에 근거한 반치법(反治法)에 대한 고찰

Objectives Based on related literature, cold and heat, deficiency and excess, true and false, and actually used formulas, paradoxical treatments presented in the 『Plain Questions of Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor』 including ‘treating pseudo-heat symptoms and real cold syndrome with cold herbs, treating pseudo-heat symptoms and real cold syndrome with cold herbs’ were analyzed.Methods Out of literature, paradoxical treatment related classics and papers were investigated and analyzed. Among diseases and syndromes, real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms, real heat syndrome with pseudo-cold symptoms, real deficiency syndrome with pseudo-excess symptoms, and real excess syndrome with pseudo-deficiency symptoms were reviewed. Among formulas, typical examples of the above mentioned paradoxical treatments were used as examples to analyze paradoxical treatments.Results Treating pseudo-heat symptoms and real cold syndrome with cold herbs is a method that uses herbs with cool and cold nature to treat real cold syndrome with pseudo-heat symptoms and Tongmaeksayeokgajeodamjeuptang is suitable for this method. Treating pseudo-cold symptoms and real heat syndrome with hot herbs is a method that uses herbs with warm and hot nature to treat real heat syndrome with pseudo-cold symptoms and Baekhogainsamtang is suitable for this method.Conclusions Based on the related literature, cold and heat, deficiency and excess, true and false, and actually used formulas examined as mentioned above, the paradoxical treatments presented in the 『Plain Questions of Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor』 are thought to be reasonable paradoxical treatments that fit the diseases and syndromes that actually appeared in our bodies.

Syntactic Proficiency of Kuwaiti EFL Learners: A Study of Tag Questions

This study examines the extent to which 70 Kuwaiti EFL learners are aware of the formation rules of tag questions in English. It also investigates whether the English proficiency level of the participants contributes to their correct answers on the test. For this purpose, the researchers used a multiple-choice test to measure the participants’ awareness of the correct form of tag questions. The results show that Kuwaiti EFL learners are not aware of the syntax of tag questions in English (total mean = 47%). The results also reveal that the English proficiency level of the participants plays an important role in their correct answers on the test; there arestatisticallysignificant differences between the results of the Advanced Learners (ALs) and the Intermediate Learners (ILs). The researchers note that the participants encounter difficulties with certain types of tag questions, especially irregular canonical tag questions. The difficulties are ascribed to many reasons such as overgeneralizationof the formation rule, partial application of the formation rule, lack of subject-agreement, wrong verb form and misconception of the polarity rule. Essentially, the non-existence of tag questions in the participants’ first language i.e. Arabic may be the most prominent reason for the participants’ inability to provide accurate answers on the test. The study concludes with some pedagogical implications that may assist teachers of English as a second/foreign language to highlight the correct use of tag questions in English in the classroom.

The queerness of Native American literature

Lisa Tatonetti, The Queerness of Native American Literature. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014. 304 pages. ISBN 978-0-81669279-8. $25.00 USD paperback.At times, while reading The Queerness of Native American Literature, I found myself wondering for whom this book was written. I tried imagine audience as I negotiated my own position in reading this book. The challenges of intersectionality and multiplicity, one imagines, are that we are always occupying several, but never all, spaces. Thus, 1 read this book as a literary scholar working in queer theory, but not as a scholar working deeply and meaningfully (at least not as much as I would hope) on Native American Studies. So this book was as much an education as it was a reminder of kinds of questions queer theory and literary studies need be asking.Literary studies has had a troubled relationship with canon, Western canon, and even just mere idea of a canon, and The Queerness of Native American Literature is certainly no exception, even as it seeks affirm canon's value. Early on, Lisa Tatonetti explains that project seeks expand and to provide ways of seeing (ix). Expanding archive often seems like a strange analogy, for archive is a kind of limitless possibility that has been deployed in hopes of expanding canon, but importantly, Tatonetti encourages her reader think about ways of of ways of reading these texts that have, for too long, remained uncovered in archive. In thinking about new ways of seeing, I've read this book as a timely and important intervention in literary studies and queer studies, both of which need take account of queer and Native intellectual traditions.In many ways, what I so much in The Queerness of Native American Literature is its treatment of canonical questions. For instance, in second chapter, devoted Maurice Kenny, we are asked: What might be learned from erotic parodies of Wordsworth, A. E. Houseman, and Byron? (29) Indeed, such a question requires that readers recognize source of parody. The author, at no point, imagines moving so far beyond canon that canon serves no purpose; instead, we are reminded, time and again, that of canon may well be in ways it can be subverted.A second, and perhaps more important, value that I appreciate in this work is its insistence upon close reading. In same chapter, we read: Or what's be made of a reverie on a in a homophobic slur? (29) Queer theory, in space of literary studies, is, my mind, at its finest when it is reading closely, dealing with finer details of its texts, and exploring what a misplaced apostrophe might mean for a given text (and Tatonetti will do just that in this chapter!).In this chapter, we also find an important critique of work of late Jose Munoz. Tatonetti notes that Munoz stops short of recognizing importance of Indigenous voices his project of queer recovery (39). While certainly true, one wonders what happens then Indigeneity of feeling brown, Munoz's project, or what happens Indigenous bodies in Latino contexts. While critique is welcomed, it is also a condition of writing: we can never write about everything. Tatonetti, thus, take[s] up invitation here by arguing that if we are really 'desire differently,' as Munoz suggests, we must listen for reverberations of queer indigeneity (39). Queer theory would do well engage, listen to, and learn from this project of listening for those very reverberations.In third chapter, project of expanding canon moves in another direction, thus, we continue the process of recovery, recognition, and reconnection by turning work of one of most renowned authors in American Indian literature, Louise Edrich, and author argues that queerness was always already at heart of Indigenous literature. …

The Question of Canon: Challenging the Status Quo in the New Testament Debate. By Michael J.Kruger. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2013. Pp. 252. Paper, $24.00.

The Question of Canon: Challenging the Status Quo in the New Testament Debate. By Michael J.Kruger. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2013. Pp. 252. Paper, $24.00.

Canonical Questions Regarding the Proposed Pastoral Care of the Faithful Who Are Divorced and Have Attempted Marriage

The author offers a canonical analysis of certain issues raised in the Instrumentum Laboris for the XIV Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. The presentation is centered around certain critical canonical questions raised by the recent work of the Synod of Bishops, in particular the canonical questions regarding the proposed pastoral care of the faithful who are divorced and have attempted marriage. The author recalls a number of essential elements of marriage, comments on the proposed administrative process for the declaration of nullity of marriage, underscores the relationship between doctrine and discipline, and also adds some reflections about the proposed penitential path.

Editor’s Introduction

Editor’s Introduction Kurt Martens* Current or recent legislative initiatives at the universal level sometimes interfere with academic planning and call for changes of publication plans. This second issue of The Jurist for 2015 offers proof of that. Some of the planned contributions are pushed back to the first issue of 2016 to make room for a first set of commentaries offering an analysis of the revised procedural laws for the declaration of nullity of marriages. On September 8, 2015, His Eminence, Raymond Leo Cardinal Burke, the Cardinalis Patronus of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, gave the keynote address during the conference “The Synod on the Family: Addressing the Instrumentum Laboris” at Franciscan University of Steubenville in Steubenville, OH. The text was first published in the volume From the Beginning: The Mission and Vocation of the Family in the Contemporary World, ed. Michael G. Sirilla (Steubenville, OH: Emmaus Road Publishing, 2015), and is reprinted here in The Jurist with permission of the organizers and the author. The latter focuses on the canonical questions regarding the proposed pastoral care of the faithful who are divorced and have attempted marriage as proposed in the Instrumentum laboris for the Fourteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops celebrated in October 2015. The second contribution in this issue comes from His Excellency, Most Reverend Timothy P. Broglio, Archbishop for the Military Services, USA. His contribution is the written text of the Twelfth Annual James H. Provost [End Page 269] Memorial Lecture given at the School of Canon Law of The Catholic University of America on March 19, 2015. The author spoke on the pastoral dimension of the office of papal representatives, an office he held from 2001 until his appointment in 2007 as Archbishop for the Military Services. Before that time, Archbishop Broglio attended the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy (1979–1983) and had been in diplomatic service of the Holy See since 1983. The missio sui iuris is not a well-known structure. In his extensive study, Joseph McCabe shows how, toward the end of the 19th century, the then-Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide began erecting the missiones sui iuris or independent missions as an alternative viable structure in areas where the mission diocese, apostolic vicariate or apostolic prefecture could not be initiated for various reasons. Although such a structure existed in limited circumstances from the time the Congregation was founded in 1622, it was after the First Vatican Council that the structure of an independent mission became more prevalent. The missio sui iuris was omitted in the 1917 Code of Canon Law, but both Benedict XV and Pius XI recognized the structure as one of four structures in mission territories. While the independent missions were omitted in the 1983 Code of Canon Law, in the 1980’s and until 2002 the structure was again employed for special missionary circumstances. Those consecrated to God by profession of the evangelical counsels sometimes behave in a way that causes scandal and impedes the Church’s mission of salvation. This may be so serious that it leads to the member’s dismissal from his/her religious institute. The 1983 Code of Canon Law has two categories for dismissing religious from an institute: ipso facto dismissal (c. 694) and ab homine dismissal, the latter being sub-divided into the mandatory dismissal process (c. 695) and the facultative dismissal process (c. 696). John Chrysostom Kozlowski, OP, focuses on the mandatory dismissal process as it applies to religious institutes (cc. 695, 698–702). He traces first the origins of the mandatory dismissal process from the 1917 Code of Canon Law to the 1983 Code of Canon Law, and then presents a two-part analysis of the notion of mandatory dismissal. With the promulgation of the motu proprio Mitis iudex Dominus Iesus for the Latin Church and the motu proprio Mitis et misericors Iesus for the Eastern Catholic Churches, Pope Francis simplified and changed the [End Page 270] procedure for the declaration of nullity of marriages. The new legislation is in effect since December 8, 2015. For an academic journal such as The Jurist, it is extremely important to...

Michael J. Kruger, The Question of Canon: Challenging the Status Quo in the New Testament Debate

Michael J. Kruger, <i>The Question of Canon: Challenging the Status Quo in the New Testament Debate</i>

Michael Jackson, Bin Laden and I: Functions of positive and negative, public and private flashbulb memories

This study examined the perceived psychosocial functions of flashbulb memories: It compared positive and negative public flashbulb memories (positive: Bin Laden's death, negative: Michael Jackson's death) with private ones (positive: pregnancy, negative: death of a loved one). A sample of n = 389 young and n = 176 middle-aged adults answered canonical category questions used to identify flashbulb memories and rated the personal significance, the psychological temporal distance, and the functions of each memory (i.e., self-continuity, social-boding, directive functions). Hierarchical regressions showed that, in general, private memories were rated more functional than public memories. Positive and negative private memories were comparable in self-continuity and directionality, but the positive private memory more strongly served social functions. In line with the positivity bias in autobiographical memory, positive flashbulb memories felt psychologically closer than negative ones. Finally, middle-aged adults rated their memories as less functional regarding self-continuity and social-bonding than young adults. Results are discussed regarding the tripartite model of autobiographical memory functions.

Women on Fire: Immolation, Consent, and the Revolutionary Subject

The years between 1930 and 1933 saw a dramatic rise in anticolonial violence in Bengal. Young women who participated in this violence, caught between competing masculinist discourses of colonial authorities and nationalist communities that deemed them either dupes or martyrs, recognized an incongruity between their revolutionary insurgency and the conditions of possibility for its memorialization. This essay follows Pritilata Waddedar, the first woman to die in the commission of an anticolonial terrorist attack, as she is incarnated into legal, historical, and cultural evidence by colonial authorities and nationalists alike. It responds to Gayatri Spivak’s canonical question of whether the subaltern woman’s voice can be excavated from the historical archive by suggesting that Waddedar augurs and undermines the future narratives of her death and allegorically calls herself sati as a political strategy of refusal and illegibility. Waddedar’s iteration of sati relies on its peculiar status in nineteenth-century colonial law, where it was classified as “voluntary culpable homicide by consent.” This legislation inaugurated a new juridical index of female desire that shaped the political conditions of possibility for revolutionary women decades later. Waddedar prophesies the ways in which her death, like that of the immolated widow, will come to be the object of disputed meaning making and insistently jams the gears of systems of evidence that promise an epistemological clarity of the terms by which a woman lives or dies.

Connecting the Dots. Italian Literature in a Global History of Literature

The goals and methods of a global history of literature may not always be easily reconcilable with those pertinent to local (‘national’ or ‘regional’) literary traditions; however, behind the, at times, lengthy or painstaking discussions on the criteria of selection, emphasis, and on more or less necessary nuances, there are also a number of deeper and more fundamental issues at stake in a global history of literature that can be fruitfully approached through the looking-glass of a local literary tradition. Even characteristics of a particular tradition of literature that may seem specific, even highly specific, can give rise to intriguing questions bearing on some of the wide-ranging issues tied to a global perspective on literature. More in particular, with regard to Italian literature, three issues come to the fore: the way literary history deals with the question of agency, the connections between literary history and cultural repertoires, and the question of canonicity and ideology in literary historiography.

Identification and evaluation of priorities in the business process of a risk or safety organization

Agencies are increasingly following principles and guidelines for the coordination of risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication in large-scale programs. In particular, there is a challenge to comply with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) memorandum “Updated Principles for Risk Analysis” among other guidelines. This paper demonstrates a systemic approach to achieve compliance of a risk program with administrative and organizational principles and guidelines for risk analysis. The paper suggests three canonical questions as the mission of such a program: (i) what sources of risks are to be managed by the program, (ii) how should multiple risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication activities be administered and coordinated, and what should be the basis for resource allocation to these activities, and (iii) how will the performance of the program be monitored and evaluated. The paper demonstrates a re-prioritization of policy initiatives of the program based on emergent and future conditions. The approach is useful to agencies implementing risk or safety organizational guidelines such as those of the OMB, the US Government Accountability Office, the US Department of Homeland Security, the US Department of Defense, and others. This paper will be of interest to risk managers; agencies; and risk and safety analysts engaged in the conception, implementation, and evaluation of risk or safety programs.