Canola Quality Research Articles

Synergistic effects of PGPRs and fertilizer amendments on improving the yield and productivity of Canola (Brassica napus L.)

BackgroundOrganic fertilizers are safer and more eco-friendly than chemical fertilizers; hence, organic fertilizers can be used to support sustainable farming. The effects of PGPRs are manifold in agriculture, especially in monoculture crops, where the soil needs to be modified to increase germination, yield, and disease resistance. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of PGPRs combined with fertilizer on the yield and productivity of canola. Canola was chosen for its global importance as an oilseed crop and its responsiveness to soil amendments, making it ideal for evaluating the synergistic effects of PGPRs and fertilizers on yield and soil health.MethodologyThis research, which was carried out over two years, was aimed at establishing the effectiveness of PGPRs together with organic and inorganic fertilizers on canola yields and was performed with a two-factorial RCBD design under field conditions. We applied Azotobacter salinestris and Bacillus subtilis with biochar, compost, animal manure, poultry manure, and NPK fertilizer. Insect pest management and other agronomic practices were carried out to maintain the experiment.ResultsCanola yield and agronomic traits were enhanced by the combination of Bacillus subtilis with the fully recommended N: P:K ratio (140:55:40 kg/ha). Additionally, the application of Bacillus subtilis with biochar at 2 tons/ha improved the yield and quality of canola, as well as the structure and nutrient regulation of the soil.ConclusionIn light of these results, we recommend the application of Bacillus subtilis to canola seeds along with either 2 t/ha biochar or the entire recommended dose of N: P:K (140:55:40 kg/ha). These strategies are sustainable and help producers and the environment increase the productivity of canola. Combining PGPRs with fertilizers for canola enhances nutrient efficiency, promotes sustainable growth, and boosts stress resilience, addressing agricultural and environmental challenges.Clinical trial numberNot Applicable.

Foliar application of silver (Ag-NPs) and copper (Cu-NPs) nanoparticles enhances phenotypic traits and oil quality in Brassica napus L

Nanotechnology represents a burgeoning field of science that enables advanced research across various domains. In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the utilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for diverse agricultural and industrial applications. Similarly, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have significant attention in agriculture due to their cost-effectiveness and practicality. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of silver and copper nanoparticles on enhancing both the yield and quality of Brassica napus L. cultivar CON-1. The combined foliar application of green synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles at varying concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mg/L) resulted in notable improvements in the growth, yield and quality of Brassica napus L. compared to untreated plants. Particularly, the concentration of 25 mg/L for both silver and copper nanoparticles demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of plant height, number of primary and secondary branches/plant, number of siliques /plant, number of seeds/silique, siliqua length, 1000-seed weight, biological yield/plant, seed yield/plant, oil yield/plant, and harvest index. Furthermore, the nanoparticles effectively reduced the accumulation of erucic acid in the oil, thereby enhancing the overall oil quality of canola. In summary, the application of silver and copper nanoparticles shows promising potential in improving the productivity and quality of Brassica napus L., highlighting their role as beneficial agricultural additives in modern farming practices.

Improved agronomic practices to enhance the productivity and quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) under the arid climate of southern Punjab, Pakistan

Improved agronomic practices to enhance the productivity and quality of canola (Brassica napus L.) under the arid climate of southern Punjab, Pakistan

The Results of a Pre-study to Determine The Effects of Zinc and Iron Foliar Fertilizer on Canola (Brassica napus L.)

Increasing canola yield, a winter oil crop, is important for its cultivation in the product pattern of the Mediterranean climate zone. Therefore, a study was planned to determine the impact of foliar application zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and Zn + Fe combination on the yield and quality of canola. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Zinc (3.0% v/v), iron (7.5% w/w), and their combination were foliar sprayed at rosette and flowering stages. The highest number of siliques per plant, number of seeds per silique, seed index, and seed yield were recorded in the Fe application. Zn + Fe combination significantly increased the oil and protein content, whereas Zn application exhibited higher oil and protein yield performance. It was concluded that using iron and zinc separately regarding yield and quality is economically beneficial.

Improving the seed yield and quality of canola by using sulfur, strigolactone, and growth promoting microorganisms

The canola needs more sulfur fertilizer than cereals to reach maximum yield. Also, strigolactones can create an extensive root system in canola in order to raise the mineral and water absorption in conditions of deficiency of these substances and strigolactones levels increased under sulfur deficiency. This study was conducted to evaluate the reaction of canola to the application of sulfur, strigolactone and growth promoting microorganisms. Results showed that sulfur application increased seed yield by 23.22% and improved seed oil content by 2.27%. The effect of microorganisms on all traits was significant, especially seed yield enhanced by 3–12%. Thiobacillus had the most positive effect on seed yield and seed quality properties. Strigolactone had no significant effect on seed yield, although it slightly improved some traits. The inoculation of canola with Thiobacillus combined with sulfur and strigolactones increased seed yield by 47% and improve seed quality traits, so it can be recommended.

The combined effects of farm yard manure and boron application on growth, and oil quality of Canola grown under newly reclaimed soils

Two field experiments were conducted during the main seasons of 2021/2022 ​at the Research and Production Station of National Research Centre in Egypt to investigate the effects of farmyard manure (FYM) and boron on Canola growth, yield, oil yield, and quality. The results unequivocally demonstrated that the combined application of FYM at a rate of 14.4 ​ton ​ha−1 with a foliar spray of boron at 100 ppm positively influenced plant characteristics, leading to enhanced growth rates and higher yields compared to the control group. Moreover, this integrated approach significantly improved nutrient content by enhancing levels of oil content, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, flavonoids, and total soluble sugars. These findings provide compelling evidence that utilizing farm manure along with boron can effectively enhance Canola properties in newly reclaimed soils while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Targeted editing of multiple homologues of GTR1 and GTR2 genes provides the ideal low-seed, high-leaf glucosinolate oilseed mustard with uncompromised defence and yield.

Glucosinolate content in the two major oilseed Brassica crops-rapeseed and mustard has been reduced to the globally accepted Canola quality level (<30 μmoles/g of seed dry weight, DW), making the protein-rich seed meal useful as animal feed. However, the overall lower glucosinolate content in seeds as well as in the other parts of such plants renders them vulnerable to biotic challenges. We report CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of glucosinolate transporter (GTR) family genes in mustard (Brassica juncea) to develop ideal lines with the desired low seed glucosinolate content (SGC) while maintaining high glucosinolate levels in the other plant parts for uncompromised plant defence. Use of three gRNAs provided highly efficient and precise editing of four BjuGTR1 and six BjuGTR2 homologues leading to a reduction of SGC from 146.09 μmoles/g DW to as low as 6.21 μmoles/g DW. Detailed analysis of the GTR-edited lines showed higher accumulation and distributional changes of glucosinolates in the foliar parts. However, the changes did not affect the plant defence and yield parameters. When tested against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and generalist pest Spodoptera litura, the GTR-edited lines displayed a defence response at par or better than that of the wild-type line. The GTR-edited lines were equivalent to the wild-type line for various seed yield and seed quality traits. Our results demonstrate that simultaneous editing of multiple GTR1 and GTR2 homologues in mustard can provide the desired low-seed, high-leaf glucosinolate lines with an uncompromised defence and yield.

Factors Affecting the Quality of Canola Grains and Their Implications for Grain-Based Foods.

Canola, Brassica napus L., is a major oilseed crop that has various uses in the food, feed, and industrial sectors. It is one of the most widely produced and consumed oilseeds in the world because of its high oil content and favorable fatty acid composition. Canola grains and their derived products, such as canola oil, meal, flour, and bakery products, have a high potential for food applications as they offer various nutritional and functional benefits. However, they are affected by various factors during the production cycle, post-harvest processing, and storage. These factors may compromise their quality and quantity by affecting their chemical composition, physical properties, functional characteristics, and sensory attributes. Therefore, it is important to optimize the production and processing methods of canola grains and their derived products to ensure their safety, stability, and suitability for different food applications. This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of how these factors affect the quality of canola grains and their derived products. The review also suggests future research needs and challenges for enhancing canola quality and its utilization in food.

Engineering the Staple Oil Crop Brassica napus Enriched with α-Linolenic Acid Using the Perilla FAD2-FAD3 Fusion Gene.

Modern people generally suffer from α-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency, since most staple food oils are low in ALA content. Thus, the enhancement of ALA in staple oil crops is of importance. In this study, the FAD2 and FAD3 coding regions from the ALA-king species Perilla frutescens were fused using a newly designed double linker LP4-2A, driven by a seed-specific promoter PNAP, and engineered into a rapeseed elite cultivar ZS10 with canola quality background. The mean ALA content in the seed oil of PNAP:PfFAD2-PfFAD3 (N23) T5 lines was 3.34-fold that of the control (32.08 vs 9.59%), with the best line being up to 37.47%. There are no significant side effects of the engineered constructs on the background traits including oil content. In fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, the expression levels of structural genes as well as regulatory genes were significantly upregulated in N23 lines. On the other hand, the expression levels of genes encoding the positive regulators of flavonoid-proanthocyanidin biosynthesis but negative regulators of oil accumulation were significantly downregulated. Surprisingly, the ALA level in PfFAD2-PfFAD3 transgenic rapeseed lines driven by the constitutive promoter PD35S was not increased or even showed a slight decrease due to the lower level of foreign gene expression and downregulation of the endogenous orthologous genes BnFAD2 and BnFAD3.

The Integrated Application of Phosphorous and Zinc Affects the Physiological Status, Yield and Quality of Canola Grown in Phosphorus-suffered Deficiency Saline Soil

Despite the soil could contain high amount of phosphorus (P), salinity reduce its availability for crop plants. Hence, farmers should practice several tactics to ameliorate P deficiency in soils. The current study aimed to assess the importance of zinc (Zn) supply for mitigating the deficiency of P for canola grown in saline soil. The effects of three Zn rates (0, 150 and 300 mg L−1, Zn0, Zn150 and Zn300, respectively) under three P rates (0, 36 and 72 kg P2O5 ha−1, P0, P36, and P72, respectively) on physiological status, yield and quality of canola were measured. Treatments were arranged in the strip plot design based on completely randomized blocks with three replicates. Findings exhibited that P36 recorded the highest values of membrane stability index in the 2nd season, while statistically leveled P72 for relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence in both seasons. Zn300 exhibited potent effect on all canola physiological traits in both seasons. In both seasons, P36 × Zn300, P72 × Zn150 and P72 × Zn300 showed the maximum chlorophyll fluorescence and performance index values. Plots treated with P72 achieved 70.0% increase in canola seed yield, greater than the untreated ones. Seed yield obtained with Zn300 were higher than Zn0 and Zn150 by1.30 and 1.10 times in 2019/20 season and 1.23 and 1.05 times in 2020/21 season. The highest oil % was recorded with P0 × Zn150 and P72 × Zn0 in the 1st season and with P72 × Zn150 in the 2nd season.

Growth Analysis and Oil Quality of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Treated with Zinc Nanochelate and Zinc Sulfate Under Different Irrigation Regimes

Growth Analysis and Oil Quality of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Treated with Zinc Nanochelate and Zinc Sulfate Under Different Irrigation Regimes

Integrated Use of Boron and Zinc for Enhancing growth, Yield and Quality of Canola

Integrated Use of Boron and Zinc for Enhancing growth, Yield and Quality of Canola

Canola yield and quality under tile drainage in the Canadian Prairies

For areas with seasonally shallow water tables and poorly drained soils, subsurface drainage systems are ideal for removing excess water from the root zone and improving soil workability, trafficability, and timeliness of field operations. With increased interest in tile drainage in southern Manitoba, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of drainage on canola yield and canola oil qualities over three growing seasons (2019-2021) in Winkler, Manitoba. The study was carried out on replicated field plots with three different drainage treatments: controlled drainage (CD), free drainage (FD), and no drainage (ND). Subsurface drain tiles were installed at a depth of 0.9 m. The drains were spaced at 8 m for CD and 15 m for FD. Compared to FD plots (3.02 Mg/ha), the CD plots (3.51 Mg/ha) had significantly higher yields in 2019 with good rainfall. With low rainfall in 2020 and 2021, the impact of drainage, especially CD, diminished, with no significant differences between the treatments. In 2020, the average yields were 3.12, 2.52, and 2.97 Mg/ha for ND, CD, and FD, respectively. Similarly, in 2021, there was no significant difference between CD (1.14 Mg/ha), FD (1.52 Mg/ha), and ND (1.07 Mg/ha). The impact of CD under drought conditions was not significant. This could be related to the narrower drain spacing, which tends to remove water rapidly within the soil profile during short periods of high-intensity rainfall. The canola quality assessments (oil, protein, glucosinolate and fatty acid profile) showed no significant differences between ND, CD, and FD in each of the years. This suggests that environmental variables (mainly temperature and precipitation) may have masked drainage impacts on canola quality.

Rapid assessment of canola spoilage under sub-optimal storage condition using FTIR spectroscopy

The storage environment of grains and oilseeds influences their physico-chemical properties that determine shelf-life and nutritional quality. In case of oilseeds, and more specifically canola, analytical chemistry methods are commonly used to determine their quality which is characterized by fatty acid value (FAV) of samples. As wet chemistry methods are time consuming and require the use of chemicals, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis was investigated for rapid assessment of canola quality as affected by sub-optimal storage. Moreover, in order to conduct the analysis on-site outside of a laboratory setting, the feasibility of using a portable instrument was studied. An FTIR spectrum of canola seeds stored at sub-optimal storage condition (35°C and 84% relative humidity) was obtained weekly for a period of five weeks. The quality degradation over this storage period was measured in terms of reduction in germination and FAV content. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied on FTIR spectral data for dimensionality reduction and the first two principal components could successfully separate canola samples of different qualities (based on their respective storage durations). Quantitative analysis for prediction of FAV using partial least squares (PLS) regression method was done and models were built utilizing the entire spectral data as well by grouping the spectral into three spectral bands. A root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 4.4% and R2=0.96, was achieved with the model built using the entire mid-infrared region. The spectral bands of 1000–1500 cm-1 and 2500–3000 cm-1 were also able to provide comparable results. Various combinations of spectral pre-processing of data were also explored. The results establish that portable FTIR instruments provide an accurate and rapid alternative to chemical analysis for predicting spoilage and determining canola quality.

Quality and chemical stability of long-term stored soy, canola, and sunflower cold-pressed cake lipids before and after thermomechanical processing: A 1H NMR study

Oilseed cakes obtained by cold-pressing are rich in lipids susceptible to degradation, which could challenge their handling and nutritional, safety, and sensory requirements, especially during long-storage. Although extrusion is effective at reducing antinutritional factors, its effect on the lipid stability of oilseed cakes remains unknown. In this work, a comparative 1H-NMR-based investigation of the lipid quality in terms of lipid composition, hydrolysis, and oxidation status, as well as their stability after long-term storage was performed on soybean, canola and sunflower cold-pressed cakes before and after low-moisture extrusion. Soybean cake was rich in linolenic and linoleic groups, whereas canola and sunflower mostly contained linoleic and monounsaturated acyl groups and fatty acids. Extrusion did not modify lipid quality immediately after processing. Nevertheless, lipid stability was significantly reduced after 12 months, especially in cakes subjected to extrusion, evidenced by the degradation of their polyunsaturated acyl groups and fatty acids, and the increase of primary and secondary oxidation products. Since lipid quality was retained immediately after extrusion (no storage), results indicated that any action to avoid the enzymatic lipid degradation must be performed immediately after cold-pressing. Moreover, long-term storage should be carefully considered as the lipid stability/quality of extruded cakes was compromised after extrusion.

Fertilizer Management and Crop Rotation Strategies on Canola and Wheat Yields and Elemental Composition of Seeds

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different fertilizer management systems such as organic, chemical and integrated fertilizer systems in increasing total quality and quantity yields of canola and wheat in two rotations included canola–soybean–wheat and canola-wheat. In this experiment, the effects of zeolite incorporation with different organic and chemical fertilizers were investigated on the improvement of yield components, crop yield and nutrient uptake of canola and wheat in Iran during 2014–2018. Two crop rotations of canola-soybean-wheat and canola-wheat provided the whole-plot treatments with nine fertilization management (F1: urea, F2: urea + zeolite, F3: composted manure, F4: composted manure + zeolite, F5: urea + composted manure, F6: urea+ composted manure + zeolite, F7: urea+ azocompost, F8: urea+ azocompost + zeolite and F9: Control) providing the sub-plots. The highest yield of canola and wheat were observed under F6 and F8. Embedding soybean in the rotation was not significantly efficacious in increasing canola and wheat yields. Also, soybean did not reduce wheat and canola yield, it could fulfill its own requirements. Elemental composition of seeds in crops was affected by the treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) perfectly displayed that organic fertilizers, especially composted manure accompanied with the application of 8 ton ha−1 zeolite and urea (F6) had the most predominant effect on yield and yield components in both wheat and canola. Crop rotation in the short-term programs might not produce desirable results, but it is expected to see the efficacy of crop rotation in long-term farming practices.

Effect of nanomaterials on Soil Quality and Yield of Canola (Brassica napus) Grown in Heavy Clayey Soils Asmaa El-shahawy a,

Effect of nanomaterials on Soil Quality and Yield of Canola (Brassica napus) Grown in Heavy Clayey Soils Asmaa El-shahawy a,

Meal nutritional characteristics and oil profile of sprouted, dehulled, and solvent-extracted canola.

Canola meal has limited utilization in feed and food applications because of the presence of antinutritional factors and a high fiber content. Thus, the present study used 3-day canola seed sprouting followed by hull removal to improve the nutritional quality of canola as a feed and food ingredient to further enhance and diversify the canola market. Seed sprouting and the hull removal process resulted in 63.2% sprouts, 29.3% mix fractions (MF) (hulls, ungerminated seed, and delayed sprouts) and 8.1% mass loss during sprouting. Fresh sprouts and MF were dried, ground and defatted to compare the obtained meals and oils with their counterparts of raw seed. Defatted sprouts (DFSP) resulted in a 46.2% reduction in crude fiber, a 34.3% reduction in acid detergent fiber and a 43.4% reduction in neutral detergent fiber compared to defatted raw seed (DFSE). DFSP provided a 10.1% higher protein content and a 5.9% increase in total amino acid content with higher essential amino acids compared to DFSE. Total carbohydrate was lowered by 5.5%, phytic acid content was lowered by 25.9%, and ash content was lowered by 5.5% in DFSP, whereas total glucosinolate content was higher in DFSP (13.1 μmol g-1 ) than in DFSE (8.8 μmol g-1 ). Sprouts and MF showed an oil content of 38.4% and 9.6%, respectively, compared to raw seed (34.5%). Sprouting and hull removal of canola seed can potentially provide nutritive meal for food and feed applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Heating effect on quality characteristics of mixed canola cooking oils

BackgroundThe subcontinent is famous for its variety of seasonal foods cooked in vegetable seed cooking oils at elevated heating. Oils are often of poor quality that effect to consumer health. The work, therefore, planned to examine the effects of heat on the quality of mixed canola cooking oils (MCCOs). MCCOs were analyzed by preparing volatile fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and for physiochemical properties.ResultsA major change was observed in the FAs composition of various MCCOs as coded K-1 to K-5. MCCOs were found rich in unsaturated 9-octadecanoic acid (oleic acid C18:1) and 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid C18:2) along saturated octadecanoic acid (stearic acid C18:0). Results reveals that canola oil samples are mixed in the range of 4–30% with other vegetable oils and animal fats. The quality of canola cooking oils further reduced after heating to 100 °C, 200 °C and 350 °C, respectively. Quality parameters of MCCOs were significantly altered after heating and found as color (510–520 nm to 570–600 nm), mass 220–237 g to 210–225 g, volume 250 mL to 239 mL, pH (6.76–6.89), specific gravity (0.87–0.92), refractive index (1.471–1.475), saponification value (SV) (0.7–2.5), un-saponifiable matter (2.4–9.8%) and acid value (AV) (1.20–5.0 mg KOH).ConclusionHeating of oils at elevated temperature have shown a significant effect on pH, specific gravity and un-saponifiable matter (p-value < 0.05). Large changes in the physicochemical parameters and FAs composition help to develop a conclusion that cooking at high temperatures affects the quality of mixed canola cooking oils.

Enhancing Grain Yield and Improving Oil Quality of Canola Through the Application of Sulfur and Nitrogen in Agro-Climatic Condition of Peshawar, Pakistan

Enhancing Grain Yield and Improving Oil Quality of Canola Through the Application of Sulfur and Nitrogen in Agro-Climatic Condition of Peshawar, Pakistan