Canine Region Research Articles

Is three-piece maxillary segmentation surgery a stable procedure?

: The number of three-piece maxillary osteotomies has increased over the years; however, the literature remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the skeletal stability of this surgical modality compared with that of one-piece maxillary osteotomy. : This retrospective cohort study included 39 individuals who underwent Le Fort I maxillary osteotomies and were divided into two groups: group 1 (three pieces, n = 22) and group 2 (one piece, n = 17). Three cone-beam computed tomography scans from each patient (T1, pre-surgical; T2, post-surgical; and T3, follow-up) were used to evaluate the three-dimensional skeletal changes. : The differences within groups were statistically significant only for group 1 in terms of surgical changes (T2-T1) with a mean difference in the canine region of 3.09 mm and the posterior region of 3.08 mm. No significant differences in surgical stability were identified between or within the groups. The mean values of the differences between groups were 0.05 mm (posterior region) and -0.39 mm (canine region). : Our findings suggest that one- and three-piece maxillary osteotomies result in similar post-surgical skeletal stability.

Surface Wear and Retention Force of Zirconia and PEKK Implant-retained Crowns.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface wear and retention force of telescopic attachments made of zirconia primary crowns and poly-ether- ketone -ketone (PEKK) secondary crowns for 2-implant retained mandibular complete overdentures. Ten healthy completely edentulous patients aged 55-60 years were selected for this study. Each patient received two implants in the mandibular canine regions. Maxillary conventional complete dentures were constructed against implant-retained mandibular overdentures for all patients. Zirconia- PEKK telescopic attachments were fabricated to retain the overdentures where primary copings were constructed of zirconia and secondary ones were constructed of PEKK. Retention force and surface wear were evaluated at the time of overdenture insertion (T0), and after 6 months of overdenture use (T6). The results revealed less wear of zirconia copings compared to PEKK ones at T0 and T6. However, both materials showed insignificant wear after 6 months of overdenture use. A significant increase in retention force was observed after 6 months of overdenture use. Within limitations of this study, PEKK may be considered a promising alternative material for telescopic secondary crowns construction combined to zirconia primary ones, regarding the wear resistance and the satisfactory retention forces.

Long-Term Peri-Implant Health and Papilla Formation at Healed Sites by Chairside Provisionalization of Single-Tooth Implants: A Prospective Case Series.

Several procedures are performed to achieve optimal esthetic results in single-tooth implants. However, there is discordance regarding the potential benefit and risks of immediate implant loading/provisionalization. The aim of this prospective case series is to investigate the effect of immediate provisionalization of single-tooth implants at healed sites for periimplant soft-tissue conditions, focusing on papilla formation around single implants. Twelve patients received a total of 12 implants in the incisor, canine or premolar region of the upper and lower jaw at healed sites with immediate chair-side provisionalization. Four months later, the temporary crown was replaced by the permanent crown. After 40±13.1 months, clinical follow-up was conducted, assessing Probing pocket depth (PPD); Bleeding on Probing(BoP); Mucosal recession (MR) and Width of Keratinized Mucosa (KM). Papilla index (PI) was determined immediately after implant placement (baseline), before removing the temporary crown (t1), 4 weeks after insertion of the definitive crown (t2) and at the final follow-up examination (t3) to evaluate papilla formation and its change over time. None of the implants were lost. The mean PPD was 2.5±0.39 mm, BoP of 25% and 3.5 mm of KM were observed at the final follow-up. No implants showed MR. PI increased in all patients from 1.5±0.45 at baseline to 2.4±0.56 at t1, 2.6±0.47 at t2 and 3.02.6±0 at t3. The increase in PI between t0 and each individual timepoint from t1-t3 showed statistical significance. The present results indicate the suitability and benefit of immediate provisionalization to achieve favorable peri-implant soft-tissue conditions and papilla formation.

Investigating the dynamic relationship of sleep-disordered breathing, orthodontic treatment needs, and dental esthetics in the general population.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is characterized by upper airway dysfunction and is linked to severe health issues. Individuals with SDB have distinct craniofacial morphology for which orthodontists are most suitable for the management due to their dental expertise. This study aims to discern key differences in dental parameters between individuals with and without SDB. The present study is a cross-sectional observational study conducted for 12 months. Out of 70 participants, 35 were placed in the SDB group as per the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) and 35 in the control aged 18-22 years. Criteria excluded individuals with preexisting illnesses, missing teeth, tonsillectomy, orthodontic or jaw surgeries, cleft lip/palate, or craniofacial anomalies. Dental assessments included interdental width, palatal vault depth and shape, molar relation, overjet, and overbite. In addition, self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs were evaluated as a secondary measure. In the SDB group, interdental distances were significantly reduced in the canine, first premolars, second premolars, and molar regions by 2, 3, 4, and 1.8 mm, respectively. A noticeable V-shaped arch was observed. Overjet and overbite increased by 42.85% and 31.42%, respectively, with Class 1 malocclusion more prevalent than Class 2. The Berlin questionnaire identified 54.3% as high-risk SDB. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Esthetic Component (IOTN-AC) revealed that 68.6% of snoring participants required orthodontic treatment. Individuals with SDB exhibit a constricted maxilla and reduced interdental measurements, indicating a moderate risk. The Berlin questionnaire proves valuable in assessing SDB severity. Moreover, individuals displaying signs of SDB often present a high prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs, as indicated by the IOTN-AC.

Canine Mucosal Artificial Colon: development of a new colonic in vitro model adapted to dog sizes

Differences in dog breed sizes are an important determinant of variations in digestive physiology, mainly related to the large intestine. In vitro gut models are increasingly used as alternatives to animal experiments for technical, cost, societal, and regulatory reasons. Up to now, only one in vitro model of the canine colon incorporates the dynamics of different canine gut regions, yet no adaptations exist to reproduce size-related digestive parameters. To address this limitation, we developed a new model of the canine colon, the CANIne Mucosal ARtificial COLon (CANIM-ARCOL), simulating main physiochemical (pH, transit time, anaerobiosis), nutritional (ileal effluent composition), and microbial (lumen and mucus-associated microbiota) parameters of this ecosystem and adapted to three dog sizes (i.e., small under 10 kg, medium 10–30 kg, and large over 30 kg). To validate the new model regarding microbiota composition and activities, in vitro fermentations were performed in bioreactors inoculated with stools from 13 dogs (4 small, 5 medium, and 4 large). After a stabilization period, microbiota profiles clearly clustered depending on dog size. Bacteroidota and Firmicutes abundances were positively correlated with dog size both in vitro and in vivo, while opposite trends were observed for Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. As observed in vivo, microbial activity also increased with dog size in vitro, as evidenced from gas production, short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, and bile acid dehydroxylation. In line with the 3R regulation, CANIM-ARCOL could be a relevant platform to assess bilateral interactions between food and pharma compounds and gut microbiota, capturing inter-individual or breed variabilities.Key points• CANIM-ARCOL integrates main canine physicochemical and microbial colonic parameters• Gut microbiota associated to different dog sizes is accurately maintained in vitro• The model can help to move toward personalized approach considering dog body weight

Immediate implants” an elegance in anterior maxilla: Case report

Esthetics and psychological distress are the propounding factors which comes into effect when somebody losses the anterior teeth. The compensation of it is of long-drawn-out and demands for an immediate regimen. In these circumstances, it’s the immediate implants placement which offers a simple choice for replacing the lost tooth immediately and hence it is currently considered as a golden treatment modality for replacing a missing tooth. The added benefits of it are less time consuming, involves few steps of surgical procedures and minimal bone resorption as it helps in preserving the vitality of bone receptors immediately after extraction thereby helps in gaining high rates of success of dental implants placed. Here in this article, we are reporting a successful case of immediate implant placed at maxillary anterior canine region which rendered a complete satisfaction to the patient and as well as professionally.

Evaluation of retentive force between stud and resilient telescopic crown attachment for implant-retained mandibular overdentures

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the retentive force between stud and resilient telescopic crown attachments for implant-retained mandibular overdenture. Patients and methods A total of 20 male patients were selected from the Clinic of Removable Prosthodontics Department. Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University (Kantara). Patients were divided into two equal groups. Group I (control group): patients were treated with two implants of 3.7 mm diameter and 13 mm length (in the canine regions), retaining mandibular overdentures with ball abutments, and by conventional maxillary complete dentures. Group II: patients were treated with two implants of 3.7 mm diameter and 13 mm length (in the canine regions), retaining mandibular overdentures with conical abutments with a 6° taper, and by conventional maxillary complete dentures. Retention force was recorded at the time of insertion (T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) later. Results One-way anova revealed significant differences between the two groups in initial retention forces (T0). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups at T6 and T12. Group II (telescopic attachment) was associated with significantly higher retention losses than Group I (ball attachment). In comparing the mean retention loss values for the two groups at different follow-up periods, significant differences were observed for both groups. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that: telescopic attachment with taper 6° can provide acceptable retention compared to ball and socket attachment during 12 months of overdenture use.

A comparative study to evaluate microstrain of low-profile attachment associated with and without bar connection in implant assisted mandibular overdenture (in vitro study)

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the microstrain transmitted to peri-implant tissues of implant-assisted mandibular overdentures using two different low-profile attachment designs; OT- Equator attachment with and without bar attachment.Materials and methodsA completely edentulous epoxy resin mandibular model was used, in which two parallel dental implants were inserted at the canine region bilaterally and one in the middle. Sixteen identical complete edentulous mandibular overdentures were fabricated following conventional, standardized techniques and were divided equally between two groups according to the design and placement of the OT-Equator. Group A implants were kept solitary with an OT-Equator attachment, while group B implants were kept splinted with a bar associated with two mini-OT-Equator attachments in between. Sixteen identical mandibular complete overdentures were constructed, to which attachments were picked up. The difference in stress distribution was measured using strain gauges and compared between the two studied groups. A vertical load of 100 N using the universal testing machine was applied unilaterally on the left mesial fossae of the mandibular first molar and bilaterally on the bar attached to the mandibular premolar molar region of the overdentures. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS version 28. Normality was checked by using the Shapiro-Wilk test and normality plots. The Mann-Whitney U test was then used to analogize the groups.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference between groups A and B upon application of vertical unilateral and bilateral loadings of 100 N, with mean microstrain values of P 0.05. Group A (OT-Equator attachment) showed lower strain values than Group B (OT-Equator bar attachment) upon application of vertical, unilateral, and bilateral loadings of 100 N.ConclusionsImplant-assisted mandibular overdenture with a solitary attachment is associated with lower microstrain values around the implants after application of unilateral and bilateral vertical loadings of 100 N.

Preserving periodontal tissue in the treatment of a large peripheral ossifying fibroma: a case study.

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive, benign gingival enlargement. Its etiology is not fully known. It can be seen in many different sizes in the mouth. The histopathological appearance of POF is mineralized tissue and fibrous proliferation. All relevant soft and hard tissues must be removed to prevent recurrence. Periodontal tissue remaining after excision is important for tooth preservation. With large lesions, the loss of healthy periodontal tissue is also large. Periodontal surgical approaches are important to preserve the remaining periodontal tissue. The positive effects of autogenously obtained titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) and connective tissue graft (CTG) on soft tissue are well known. A 34-year-old woman presented with a fibrous and pedunculated gingival mass in the upper left canine premolar region. The operation was performed with complete excision of the lesion down to the bone along with the surrounding healthy tissue. Periodontal treatment of the large defect created after excision of a large POF lesion was performed with laterally positioned flap, CTG and T-PRF. The periodontal tissue and defect were noted to heal in a healthy manner at the 6-month follow-up. POF is a benign lesion; however, it has a high recurrence rate. Complete elimination of the lesion is crucial to prevent recurrence. Periodontal surgical methods and biomaterials applied after surgical excision are significant to maintain the periodontal health of the remaining teeth and tissues.

Esthetic and functional rehabilitation of a patient with a bilateral cleft of lip, alveolar process, and palate with anterior all-ceramic cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses.

Addressing a single-tooth gap in the anterior region, resulting from aplasia or trauma, poses both esthetic and functional challenges. This case report presents the restoration of a young adult with a cleft, exhibiting anterior hypoplasia and aplasia in the canine and incisor regions, using all-ceramic cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses. After verification of esthetic and functional considerations through a diagnostic wax-up and an intraoral mock-up, three anterior all-ceramic cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses made of veneered zirconium dioxide were planned in the region of the maxillary right lateral incisor and maxillary left canine. The impression was made with an intraoral scanner. The framework fit was evaluated. Glaze firing and full adhesive cementation under rubber dam followed. The final restoration met the patients' expectations and restored facial esthetics and function. All-ceramic cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses offer a promising minimally invasive therapeutic option for cleft patients.

Occlusal Contact Changes With Traumatic Occlusion After Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate trauma from occlusion in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment through assessment of fremitus, pocket depth, gingival biotype, and occlusal contacts pre-orthodontic treatment (T0) and post-orthodontic treatment (T1). Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized trial included 40 participants selected based on a simple random sampling method, of which 27 were women and 13 were men with ages ranging from 25 to 40 years. All the participants were clinically checked for gingival recession, fremitus, pocket depth, gingival biotype, and occlusal contacts obtained via digital intraoral scans and fed to 3Shape software to perform the occlusal mapping analysis for pre-orthodontic treatment (T0) and post-orthodontic treatment (T1). T-Scan occlusal analysis was performed to check the force levels pertaining to each tooth. A paired t-test was done to find out the changes in fremitus, pocket depth, gingival biotype, and number of occlusal contacts between T0 and T1. Results: Results of paired t-tests showed a statistically significant difference for fremitus between T0 and T1 ( p < .05). Gingival biotype and pocket depth did not show any improvement post-orthodontic treatment (T1) ( p > .05). Number of traumatic occlusal contacts reduced at T1 for incisors and canines showing a statistically significant difference between T0 and T1 ( p < .05). Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment helps in relieving the traumatic occlusal contacts, especially in the incisors and canine regions. As the teeth are relieved from traumatic occlusal contacts, fremitus also has shown to have drastically improved at the end of orthodontic treatment. Gingival biotype and pocket depth might take a longer time to regenerate and improve, which requires long-term observation.

Evaluation of Oral Health Related Quality of Life and patient satisfaction in three implant retained mandibular overdentures: A randomized cross-over clinical trial.

To assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and patient satisfaction with a three-implant-retained mandibular overdenture. In this randomized crossover clinical trial, 20 edentulous patients received a new set of conventional complete dentures (baseline). Subsequently, three implants were placed in the anterior mandible; two of these were placed in the canine regions bilaterally, and one was placed in the midline. After successful osseointegration, complete dentures were attached to the implants using resilient attachments. The overdenture was retained either by three implants (test group) or two implants (control group). The sequence of treatment was randomized such that each patient experienced both treatment options for 6 months each. OHRQoL was assessed at baseline and after 6 months of function for each treatment option using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and visual analog scale scores. Statistical analyses were performed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Conventional dentures resulted in significantly higher OHIP-14 and VAS scores (25.25 + 6.42; 8.55 + 1.73) compared to both the control group (11.15 + 5.39; 4 + 2) (P < .001) and the test group (6.25 + 4.02/2.06 + 1.48) (P < .001). Similarly, significantly higher mean OHIP-14 and VAS scores were noted for the control group compared to the test group (P < .001). Overdentures retained by three implants resulted in better OHRQoL scores and higher patient satisfaction compared to overdentures retained by two implants and conventional complete dentures.

Compound Odontoma in Canine Region and its Radiological Evidence: Case Reports

Background: Compound odontoma (CpOD) develops tooth germ-like structures but often lacks complete differentiation. Some authors recognize the compound odontoma as supernumerary teeth. Objective: This study aimed to present the analysis of orthodontic problems and radiological findings in three clinical cases of patients with complex odontoma. Case Presentation: The present three clinical cases of patients (two females and a male), aged from 14 to 25 years, had compound odontoma, which was confirmed through their radiological findings. Patients did not report symptoms associated with pain and discomfort in the area or genetic predisposition in the family. Orthodontists examined each clinical case with its individual problems and solutions. The findings were localized in the canine region, in 2 of the cases in the upper jaw and one in the lower. Only one patient with localization of the problem in the lower jaw had no disturbance in the eruption of the teeth in the affected dental arch, while in two patients with localization of the problem in the upper jaw, retention of permanent canines was found. In all three cases of the odontoma, there was one tooth with the reverse direction of the crown root. In one case, a supernumerary tooth near the odontoma was also observed. In all of the presented cases involving compound odontoma, there was one main well-formed and developed tooth, around which the other tooth-like structures were located, usually with a conical shape. Conclusion: CBCT contributes to establishing an accurate and detailed morphological characterization of the fundamental structures (teeth) in the odontoma.

Marginal fit and fracture resistance of polyetheretherketone, zirconia, and titanium implant-supported prosthesis frameworks for a partially edentulous arch after thermomechanical aging

Although polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and zirconia (Zir) have been used as implant-supported prosthesis (ISP) frameworks, the long-term effects of thermomechanical aging on the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and Zir ISP frameworks with titanium (Ti) bases for patients with a partially edentulous arch are not clear. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and Zir ISP frameworks with Ti bases and Ti ISP frameworks for partially edentulous arches after aging. A total of 30 ISP epoxy resin casts were obtained from a typodont with 1 straight implant (Nobel Biocare) in the mandibular right canine region and 1 implant with a 30-degree distal tilt in the mandibular right first molar region. All frameworks (n=10) were fabricated on their own epoxy resin cast with multiunit abutment replicas by using a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing system (exocad-Yenadent). The PEEK and Zir frameworks were fabricated with Ti-bases. Primer (MKZ) and resin cement (DTK adhesive) were used to cement the frameworks to the Ti-bases under a static load of 10N. After thermomechanical aging (1.2×106 cycles, 120N, 5°C-55°C), marginal gaps between the Ti-bases and cemented frameworks and vertical and passive fits between the Ti-bases and framework and multi-unit abutments were measured by using a stereomicroscope (Euromex) at ×100 magnification. Fracture resistances and types were then determined by using a universal test machine and a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. Data were analyzed by using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests (α=.05). The marginal gaps of the PEEK and Zir frameworks were respectively 83.5 ±27.1 and 81.8 ±17.8µm. PEEK (23.7 ±4.6) and Zir (32.9 ±8.7) had a better vertical fit (µm) than Ti (52.5 ±10.6) (P<.001). Zir (49.3 ±16.2) (P<.001) and PEEK (70.9 ±19.6) (P>.05) frameworks had better passive fit (µm) than Ti (91.3 ±24.2). Ti had the highest mean fracture resistance (N) (14800.2 ±3442.3) followed by Zir (7318.7 ±1385.1) and PEEK (3448.9 ±486.6) (P<.001). Fracture types were different in different groups (P<.001). The PEEK and Zir frameworks with Ti baseshad better vertical and passive fit than the Ti frameworks. All ISP frameworks represented mean marginal fit below 92µm and withstood physiologic occlusal forces after thermomechanical aging.

Mandibular alveolar bone thickness in untreated Class I subjects with different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

To evaluate the mandibular alveolar bone thickness in untreated skeletal Class I subjects with different vertical skeletal patterns. A total of 50 preorthodontic treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of a skeletal Class I Chinese population with near-normal occlusion were selected. The buccal and lingual alveolar bone thicknesses of mandibular canines to second molars were measured at 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mid-root, and root apex levels. Differences in the measurements were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U-test. The correlation between alveolar bone thickness and the sella-nasion-mandibular plane (SN-MP) angle was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis. Buccal alveolar bone was thinner on all mandibular canines to first molars but thicker on second molars in comparison with lingual alveolar bone. Buccal alveolar bone was within 1 mm at the levels of 2 mm below CEJ and mid-root for the canines and first premolars. Significant differences were detected among subjects with different vertical patterns, with a negative correlation between the SN-MP angle and alveolar thickness, especially in the canine and premolar regions. The thinnest buccal and lingual alveolar bone were detected in the high-angle group canine region (0.50 mm at the levels of 2 mm below CEJ and mid-root for the buccal side, 0.90 mm at the level of 2 mm below the CEJ for the lingual side). To avoid periodontal complications, buccal-lingual movement of the mandibular canines and first premolars should be limited, especially in high-angle patients.

Distinct mechanisms of PTEN inactivation in dogs and humans highlight convergent molecular events that drive cell division in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma

A hallmark of osteosarcoma in both human and canine tumors is somatic fragmentation and rearrangement of chromosome structure which leads to recurrent increases and decreases in DNA copy number. The PTEN gene has been implicated as an important tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma via forward genetic screens. Here, we analyzed copy number changes, promoter methylation and transcriptomes to better understand the role of PTEN in canine and human osteosarcoma. Reduction in PTEN copy number was observed in 23 of 95 (25%) of the canine tumors examined leading to corresponding decreases in PTEN transcript levels from RNA-Seq samples. Unexpectedly, canine tumors with an intact PTEN locus had higher levels of PTEN transcripts than human tumors. This variation in transcript abundance was used to evaluate the role of PTEN in osteosarcoma biology. Decreased PTEN copy number and transcript level was observed in - and likely an important driver of - increases in cell cycle transcripts in four independent canine transcriptional datasets. In human osteosarcoma, homozygous copy number loss was not observed, instead increased methylation of the PTEN promoter was associated with increased cell cycle transcripts. Somatic modification of PTEN, either by homozygous deletion in dogs or by promoter methylation in humans, is clinically relevant to osteosarcoma, because the cell cycle related transcripts are associated with patient outcomes. The PTEN gene is part of a syntenic rearrangement unique to the canine genome, making it susceptible to somatic loss of both copies of distal chromosome 26 which also includes the FAS death receptor. Significance StatementPTEN function is abrogated by different mechanisms in canine and human osteosarcoma tumors leading to uncontrolled cell cycling. Somatic loss of this canine specific syntenic region may help explain why the canine genome appears to be uniquely susceptible to osteosarcoma. Syntenic arrangement, in the context of copy number change, may lead to synergistic interactions that in turn modify species specific cancer risk. Comparative models of tumorigenesis may utilize different driver mechanisms.

Comparison of Implant Systems Applied in the Mental Region in the Prosthetic Treatment of Atrophic Mandible: A 3D Finite Element Analysis

Purpose This study aims to compare five implant-supported rehabilitation concepts of an edentulous mandible and determines the most biomechanically advantageous technique. Materials and methods Five models with implants in different configurations were created: All-on-4 concept (two anterior axial and two posterior distally curved implants), All-on-4v4 concept (four distal curved interforaminal implants), All-on-4W (two anterior mesial curved interforaminal implants and two posterior distally curved implants), the All-on-3 concept (one anterior axial and two posterior distally curved implants), and the treofil system (three interforaminal implants with titanium bar guide support). For this study, bone-level (4.3 × 13 mm) implants of Nobel Biocare and implants of the treofil system (5 × 13 mm) were used. Spherical loads were applied from the canine and molar regions to evaluate the tension, compression and von Mises stresses by applying 3D finite element analysis. Results Among the alternative concepts, treofil system were the most successful treatment option in biomechanical terms. On the other hand, All-on-3 concept was found to be the last method of choice. This was because of the high stresses on cortical and trabecular bones in most conditions. Conclusion The result of this study shows that the treophylline system is the most successful treatment option despite its technical details. Alternatively, classical All-on-4 and All-on-4v4 techniques are biomechanically successful treatment options.

Activated gliosis, accumulation of amyloid β, and hyperphosphorylation of tau in aging canines with and without cognitive decline.

Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) syndrome is a well-recognized naturally occurring disease in aged dogs, with a remarkably similar disease course, both in its clinical presentation and neuropathological changes, as humans with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Similar to human AD patients this naturally occurring disease is found in the aging canine population however, there is little understanding of how the canine brain ages pathologically. It is well known that in neurodegenerative diseases, there is an increase in inflamed glial cells as well as an accumulation of hyperphosphorylation of tau (P-tau) and amyloid beta (Aβ1-42). These pathologies increase neurotoxic signaling and eventual neuronal loss. We assessed these brain pathologies in aged canines and found an increase in the number of glial cells, both astrocytes and microglia, and the activation of astrocytes indicative of neuroinflammation. A rise in the aggregated protein Aβ1-42 and hyperphosphorylated tau, at Threonine 181 and 217, in the cortical brain regions of aging canines. We then asked if any of these aged canines had CCD utilizing the only current diagnostic, owner questionnaires, verifying positive or severe CCD had pathologies of gliosis and accumulation of Aβ1-42 like their aged, matched controls. However uniquely the CCD dogs had P-tau at T217. Therefore, this phosphorylation site of tau at threonine 217 may be a predictor for CCD.

PATHWAY OF INFECTION IN CANINE FOSSA SPACE ABSCESS

ABSTRACTBackground: Most of fascial space infections of head and neck caused by odontogenic infections. The canine space becomes involved primarily as the result of infections from the maxillary canine tooth. The buccal space may become infected from extensions of infection from either the maxillary or mandibular teeth.Purpose: This case report discusses the management of canine fossa space abscess extending to buccal space.Case: A-45-years-old male patient came to the A.W. Sjahranie Hospital with complaints of swelling in his left face since two weeks ago. Physical examination showed swelling in the upper left jaw. CT scan’s view showed a radiolucent appearance of the canine fossa region. Panoramic radiograph pointed upper left canine (23) and first molar (26) as source of infection. Based on clinical and radiographic examinations, the patient was diagnosed with a canine fossa space abscess. Case Management: The treatment was given are intravenous antibiotics, multiple tooth extraction followed by intraoral drainage incision under general anesthesia.Conclusion: Extension of infection of the canine fossa space can lead to the buccal space and maxillary sinus at the same time due to multiple carious tooth. Keywords : Buccal space abscess, Canine fossa space abscess, Maxillary sinus, Odontogenic infection

Stress Distribution in Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis (Pontic Design) using Two Different Framework Materials: A Finite Element Analysis

Aim and Objectives: The stresses transferred from the implant to the surrounding bone greatly influence the clinical outcome of the implant-supported prosthesis. The role of implant-supported prostheses made from zirconia and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material in transferring stresses is not much known. The purpose of the finite element analysis study was to evaluate stress distribution in an implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) using two different framework materials. Materials and Methods: Two three-dimensional models of implant-supported FDPs were designed using ANSYS software, with implants in right maxillary central incisor and canine regions supporting a three-unit fixed partial denture. Model 1 was made using zirconia as a framework material and model 2 using PEEK as a framework material. A static load of 100 N was applied in two directions, i.e., vertically and obliquely at an angle of 30° along the long axis of the implant. The von Mises stress analysis was done to find stresses generated in implants and the prosthesis, and the maximum and minimum principal stress analyses were used to find the stress generated in the bone. Results: Under both the loading conditions, maximum stress concentration was observed in the connector region of model 1 (zirconia group) compared to model 2 (PEEK group); 6.28 MPa versus 2.17 MPa in vertical loading and 8.85 MPa versus 2.69 MPa in oblique loading, respectively. The stresses generated in bone were nearly similar in both models. Conclusion: The framework material does affect the load-bearing capacity of the prosthesis. Stresses observed with PEEK as framework material were lesser compared to zirconia. Therefore, PEEK can be considered a suitable framework material for implant-supported FDPs.