Cangshan Mountain Research Articles

The influence of fire disturbance on the biotype structure and seasonal dynamics of ground-dwelling spider on Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province

The influence of fire disturbance on the biotype structure and seasonal dynamics of ground-dwelling spider on Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province

云南苍山火烧迹地不同恢复期地表蜘蛛群落多样性

We investigated dynamics of ground-dwelling spider diversity after fire in mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Cangshan Mountain,Yunnan Province.Sampling of ground-dwelling spider diversity was carried out in six sites(2,10,18,23 and 33 years after fire,and one unburned site) from January 2009 to December 2009,based on a 'space-for-time substitution' sampling by pitfall trap.We found that(1) species composition and relative abundance changed dramatically across the six different fire succession sites;(2) the abundance of ground-dwelling spider in the 10 year site times was significantly higher than other sites,and there was no significant difference in species richness among the six sites;(3) ground-dwelling spider community succession could be divided into 3 stages by PCoA analysis: 2 years after fire,10 years after fire,18-33 years after fire;(4) Indicator Species Analysis base on R language package 'labdsv' show: Sibianor sp.1 et al.was the indicator of first stage,Lycosa graham et al.was the indicator of second stage,Xysticus sp.2 et al.was the indicator of third stage,Leptoneta sp.1 et al.was the indicator of control.Fire disturbance and subsequent succession changed the ground-dwelling spider community.The habitat selection of indicator could indicate the variability of different restorations post-fire forest.The ground spider community in the oldest of the burned sited does not yet resemble the community in the unburned site indicating that the restoration of the ground spider community for Cangshan Mountain takes longer than three decades.

Geomorphologic Structure, Characteristics and Processes in the Cangshan Mountains: Explanations for the Formation and Development of the Dali Glaciation

The area around Cangshan Mountain, located on the southeastern fringes of the Tibetan Plateau, is a key region in terms of revealing the processes involved in the uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau, plus its environmental effects. Based on systemic field and laboratory work, this study uncovers the step-like geomorphologic structure, characteristics and processes revealed in the Cangshan Mountain area, to argue for the formation and development of the Quaternary glaciation there. The results indicate that there were two paleo-glaciations in the area, which were the early and late Dali Glaciations, and that these occurred during the time periods 5.76 × 104 aBP and 1.6 × 104 aBP respectively, being the southernmost paleo-glaciations to have taken place in China. Two step-like paleo-planation surfaces were formed vertically at the mountain (that is, at the summit of Cangshan, which is 3800 to 4000 m above sea level (a.s.l) in height; and at the paleo-glacial and peri-glacial active zones: 3700 to 3900 m a.s.l. in height). Meanwhile three widespread erosion surfaces can be identified at about 2900 to 3500 m, 3000 to 3100 m and 2450 to 2550 m a.s.l. in height; three fluvial fans developed on the landform at about 2250 to 2200 m, 2200 to 2150 m and 2150 to 2100 m a.s.l. in height respectively, and lacustrine relief developed surrounding the Erhai Lake.

Insecticidal action of Quinomycin A from Streptomyces sp. KN-0647, isolated from a forest soil

An actinomycete strain KN-0647 was isolated from a forest soil sample collected from Dali Cangshan mountain, Yunnan Province, China. The strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. according to the morphological, physiological characteristics and whole nucleotide sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene, and could not be identified up to species level, just suggesting a potential new taxon. The ethyl acetate extract from this strain displayed growth inhibition on the test pathogenetic insects, such as Spodoptera exigua, Dendrolimus punctatus, Plutella xylostella, Aphis glycines and Culex pipiens. The active compound was isolated and identified through a combination of spectral and chemical methods (UR, MS, and 1HNMR) as quinomycin A. This is the first report on the insecticidal activity of antibiotic quinomycin A.

Population dynamics of Dremomys pernyi and Callosciurus erythraeus in protective and non-protective pine forests at different ages

Four pine forests (6–10, 11–15, 16–20, and 31–40 year-old) located in the Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake National Reserve and 7 pine forests (1–5, 6–10, 11–15, 16–20, 21–30, 31–40, and more than 50 year-old) located in the non-protective area near the national reserve were selected. Three replications of each forest was set and a total of 33 sites were investigated. At each site, we quantified 6 habitat variables (species richness, abundance, and percentage of grasses and shrubs coverage respectively at the bottom layer of forests) within randomly determined 5 m × 5 m areas. One hundred cages were set in five lines at each site to trap small mammals, whose species and numbers were recorded. Dominance of Dremomys pernyi and Callosciurus erythraeus in small mammal communities, time niche breadth, and time niche overlap between the two small mammals were calculated, respectively. Step-wise regression was used to analyze the relationship between small mammals and habitat factors. Our results indicated that D. pernyi occurred earlier than C. erythraeus in protective pine forests. D. pernyi was captured in 6–10 year-old forest initially, and C. erythraeus was captured in 16–20 year-old forest initially. D. pernyi and C. erythraeus were captured in the 31–40 and 21–30 year-old forests initially in the non-protective area, respectively. Populations of D. pernyi and C. erythraeus in the 31–40 year-old protective forests were 3 and 3.75 times of those in the same-aged non-protective forests, respectively. Shrubs significantly influenced the populations of the two small mammals. The population of D. pernyi was positively correlated with the density of shrubs; the population of C. allosciurus erythraeus was positively correlated with the coverage of shrubs, and negatively correlated with the coverage of grasses. D. remomys pernyi and C. allosciurus erythraeus were important for pine forests to scatter pine seeds. Human activities in the nonprotective pine forests decreased the vegetation heterogeneity at the bottom layer of pine forests, postponed the occurrence of D. pernyi and C. erythraeus, and decreased the populations of the two small mammals.

Mosses New to Mainland China

Mosses New to Mainland China