Nomination Of Candidates Research Articles

Nomination Violence in Uganda’s National Resistance Movement

Abstract Institutional explanations of intra-party violence rarely address political economy dynamics shaping the institutions in question, and therefore they fail to understand their emergence and their stability. Specifically, focusing on institutional factors alone does not enable a nuanced understanding of candidate nomination violence and why some constituencies are peaceful while others are violent. This article theorizes nomination violence in dominant-party systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on political settlement theory, it examines the nature of nomination violence in Uganda’s October 2015 National Resistance Movement (NRM) primaries. We argue that the violence is a constitutive part of Uganda’s political settlement under the NRM. Nomination procedures remain weak in order for the NRM ruling elite to include multiple factions that compete for access while being able to intervene in the election process when needed. This means, in turn, that violence tends to become particularly prominent in constituencies characterized by proxy wars, where competition between local candidates is reinforced by a conflict among central-level elites in the president’s inner circle. We call for the proxy war thesis to be tested in case studies of other dominant parties’ nomination processes.

‘Sacrifical lambs’ or candidate mimicking? Gender-based nomination strategies in elections

This paper explores an alternative mechanism for understanding the drivers of the nomination of women for elective office in single-member electoral systems. Previous research has generally examined two sources of gender-based politics: party ideology, with leftist parties being more female-friendly than rightist parties, and the strategic nomination of candidates depending on whether the party is expected to win or lose in the district, with women more likely to be used as ‘sacrificial lambs’ in hopeless contests. We argue that the nomination of male and female candidates across districts reflects an interdependence of party strategies – in particular, the actions of the main opposition party. We hypothesise that when the trailing party is not committed to gender equality, its equilibrium strategy in a given district is the nomination of a candidate of the same gender as that of the front-running party. Secondary data from 1,017 single-member Australian districts and more than 2,000 candidates from 2001–2019 confirm our hypothesis.

Descriptive Political Representation of Latin Americans in Spanish Local Politics: Demographic Concentration, Political Opportunities, and Parties’ Inclusiveness

Latin Americans represent one of the most sizable migrant communities in Spain. Yet, unlike other minority groups, they count with longer migration tradition, linguistic and cultural similarities with the Spanish population, and easier access to Spanish nationality. Drawing on original data covering a large number of candidates ( N = 5,055), this article examines whether this apparently favorable configuration guarantees the nomination of candidates from this minority group at local elections in municipalities with strong demographic presence of Latin American residents. Our findings indicate that this group is still underrepresented in Spanish politics. Few Latin American candidates are fielded by political parties, and even fewer (<2%) manage to achieve elected office. To interpret these results, we examine the extent to which Spanish parties field minority candidates. We show that while some parties are proactively including these candidates, only few nominate them in secure positions of the electoral lists and that Spanish parties’ inclusiveness does not seem to be aligned with Latin American voters’ partisan preferences.

Подписной лист как средство отражения воли избирателей (модель 2020 г., г. Новосибирск)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the decisions of the courts of the city of Novosibirsk in cases related to the verification of signatures collected in support of the nomination of candidates. The author notes that due to the political nature of electoral law, the socio-political situation in the country as a whole, in a separate region and in the municipality in particular, has a huge impact on the practice of checking subscription lists. It is necessary to ensure the stability of the practice of evaluating the content and form of subscription lists both in space and in time. Taking into account the complex nature of electoral law, I would like to note the positive significance of using criminal sanctions for forging signatures in subscription lists. In the author’s opinion, in order to simplify the registration procedure on the basis of the collected signatures, it is necessary to abandon duplicating documents or to consider them in aggregate, using the information contained in various documents. The article makes suggestions for improving Russian legislation. In fact, this approach demonstrates a change in the approach of the law enforcement officer to the problems under consideration. In the future, this can lead to a decrease in offenses in the field of filling out information about the participants in the election campaign in subscription lists.

Minority candidates on party lists: evidence from Belgium

Nomination of candidates of non-Western origin on party lists is a major step toward immigrant-origin minorities’ political representation, however its determinants are understudied. This paper focuses on such nominations by parties on the Left, Social Democratic and Green. We extend theory on the electoral risks of nominating immigrant-origin minority candidates to study systematically how cultural citizenship conditions the effects of political and economic factors on number of nominations. Belgium provides excellent testing grounds due to regional variation in cultural citizenship between Flanders and Wallonia, while electoral and citizenship acquisition laws remain constant. We collected an original dataset on 589 municipalities in the 2006 local elections, and conduct our analysis using Poisson regression models for count data that incorporate alternative explanations. Findings suggest that Social Democratic parties face greater political and economic constraints than Green parties and these constraints are conditioned by cultural citizenship; in Flanders where cultural citizenship is characterized by a strong ethnic component constraints are greater for Social Democratic than Green parties, but in civic Wallonia both parties do not appear constrained by these factors. Finally, we control for the conditioning effect of cultural citizenship for parties of the right, Christian Democratic and Liberal; we find no such effect.

Parties courting Muslim voters in Belgium’s local elections: electoral incentives and ideological tensions

ABSTRACT This study examines how political parties in urban Europe are responding to the changing demographic landscape, by focusing on a growing population of immigrant origin voters from Muslim majority countries. The 2018 communal elections in Brussels provide an opportunity to examine how party ideology and commune-level demography interact to make Muslim candidate nominations, and ultimately their election, more or less likely. While generally true that parties of the Left nominate and elect more Muslims than do parties of the Right, by far the greatest difference in inclusiveness was identified within the Left, between the Socialists and the Greens. And while the Greens had a good result in these elections, they did so in communes where fewer Muslims concentrate. While this may not be as important at the national level, where voting rights are more restricted, it suggests the need to qualify claims that electoral incentives - and demography – trump ideology in competitive electoral contexts.

Why Do Ruling Parties Extend Authoritarian Rule? Examining the Role of Elite Institutions and Mass Organization

A number of studies show that autocracies with ruling parties are more long-lived than those without. Much of the literature attributes this to party institutionalization at the elite-level, which is said to reduce elite schisms. Others point to the ability of grassroots party organizations to mobilize mass support. There is very little empirical research that examines these different mechanisms. This paper fills that gap using new data from the V-Party database, which provides detailed expert-coded information on the attributes of all autocratic ruling parties between 1970 and 2019. I find that both mass-based organization (e.g. well-developed networks of local branches and strong ties to social organizations) and elite-level institutionalization (e.g. depersonalized, collective control over candidate nominations) are associated with regime longevity, but the findings for mass organization are stronger and more robust. The findings suggest that mass organization is one of the main factors that makes party-based autocracy so durable.

Ведущие немецкие партии в преддверии выборов в Бундестаг

The article is devoted to changes in the party-political system of Germany. Elections to the Bundestag are to be held in Germany on September 26. After 16 years of the leadership, Angela Merkel will not run for chancellor. Currently, the main German political parties face challenges. Major parties lose electoral support. The emergence of a new party, the “Alternative for Germany”, split votes, and makes it difficult to form a coalition. Parties should also overcome internal split and find their identity in a changing world. An analysis of the electoral programmes revealed that German political parties seek to return to traditional identity. CDU/CSU moves to the right, seeking to win back the AfG supporters. SPD and FDP in their electoral documents also appeal to their traditional electorate. The AfG’s nomination of lead candidates supported by the right wing of the party also indicates that the “Alternative for Germany” will move towards radical right-wing positions. The Left Party comes out with radical leftist demands, which limits the possibility of its entry into the coalition. The most successful is the Green Party’s electoral strategy. Party leaders abandoned radical demands of their predecessors. Greens advocate a citizen-supported climate program, but pay attention to the economic viability of reforms. According to polls, the black-green coalition (CDU/CSU and Union 90/Greens) seems the most likely. However, in the course of coalition negotiations, the parties may face difficulties in finding a compromise on tax policy and environmental reforms. At the same time, the parties have no significant contradictions on the foreign policy agenda (with the exception of a number of specific issues). Acknowledgments. The article was prepared within the project “Post-Crisis World Order: Challenges and Technologies, Competition and Cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).

The imperativeness and dispositivity of the electoral process in the context of the value approach to the realization of electoral rights

The article deals with a complex of problems of modern state-legal reality, the study of which is due to the transformation of the content of traditional methods of legal regulation of electoral relations. Recent changes in the electoral legislation indicate not only the intersection of imperative and dispositive principles in the electoral process, but also the replacement of one method of regulation by another. A significant role in the formation of new electoral procedures is assigned to election commissions, acting as subjects of the creation of “soft” law, whose activities reflect modern socio-cultural processes and a new understanding of public administration. Special attention is paid to the nomination and registration of candidates as the most value-oriented stage in the entire electoral process. Based on the analysis of the legal grounds for the registration of candidates, the author comes to the conclusion that the legislator mediates the forms of implementation of the passive electoral right through certain elements of direct or indirect participation of voters who implement their active electoral right. The development of the main institutions of modern Electoral Law is based on the use of the potential of advanced digital technologies aimed at expanding the rights of participants in the electoral process. The new rules defining the mechanism for the implementation of subjective electoral rights should receive mandatory regulation in the text of the law.

Выборы в системе местного самоуправления: международная практика и опыт Казахстана

The article discusses the features of the election of rural akims in Kazakhstan, provides their characteristics, defines the legal regulation of the nomination and election of candidates. The author also highlights a number of features of the classical models of local self-government, on the basis of which an attempt is made to characterize the specifics of the Kazakh model of rural management. doi.org/10.52536/KS/vol_97_issue_1_A6

The experience of implementation of innovations and the proposals for improvement of electoral legislation based on the results of the 2020 election campaigns (using the materials of over observation and expert interview)

The object of this research is the practice of the 2020 electoral campaigns in the Russian Federation, while the subject is the organization of nationwide voting upon the approval of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, election of the governor of Krasnodar Region, a number of municipal election campaigns on the territory of Krasnodar Region of September 13, 2020. The goal of this research is to determine the gaps in legal regulation and problematic areas based on the practice-oriented approach, results of semi-structured expert interviews that involved the members of municipal, territorial, and district election commissions, as well as overt observation carried out by the authors during election campaigns, analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice. The authors believe that the identified problems and gaps can be resolved and filled not so much within the framework of Electoral Code, as in the context of current improvement of the electoral legislation, which is of particular relevance at in the lead-up to the 2021 elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly. The authors introduce proposals on electoral-legal codification, development of the principle of electoral federalism and the system of electoral legislation, organization of voter registration, procedures for nomination and registration of candidates, signatures collection in support of the candidates, financing of election campaigns, as well as implementation of innovations in electoral procedures tested in 2020.

Problems of the formation of public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: regional aspect

The article examines the current problems of improving the legal norms governing elections of the highest officials of Russian Federal entities, considers the problematic issues of the implementation of electoral mechanisms in the context of the subjects of the nomination of candidates, the features of the legal regulation of the institution of self-nomination in the elections of the highest official of Russian Federal entities. The authors analyze the legal norms that regulate the procedure for collecting signatures in support of candidates nominated by various subjects, consider the organizational and legal norms that regulate the procedure for recalling the highest official of the Russian Federation, and suggest ways to improve the regulatory and legal regulation of the election of the highest official of the Russian Federal entity.

How Do Interest Groups Influence Elections? Evidence from British Trade Unions 1900-2019

Trade unions sponsored the political campaigns of candidates running for office in many countries throughout the 20th century. Yet little is known about the electoral consequences of these sponsorship arrangements. I study how union sponsorship affected the electoral performance of parliamentary candidates in Great Britain (1900-2019). On the basis of archival material, I collect new data on universe of union-sponsored candidates, and new data on all parliamentary candidates and their electoral campaigns. Employing a series of difference-in-differences designs, I examine how sponsorship affected candidate nominations and general elections. The results show that attaining a union sponsorship increases the probability that a candidate wins the nomination in an electorally attractive constituency. Second, sponsorship causes an inflow of financial and human resources into constituencies, engendering a professionalization of political campaigns and party organizations. Third, union sponsorship approximately causes a six-percentage-point increase in the average candidate's vote share, and two-thirds of this advantage is driven by nomination in better constituencies, while campaign spending account for the remaining boost in performance. Finally, heterogeneity in the treatment effect indicates that the electoral influence of unions is strongest in time periods and in industries where substantial government interventions affected the labor market.

Parity or patriarchy? The nomination of female candidates in British politics

In recent years, parties in the United Kingdom have increasingly pushed for higher descriptive representation of women. To achieve this goal, Labour has introduced All-Women Shortlists, while the Conservatives have used the A-List and similar tools to promote women in their party. This article shows how All-Women Shortlists were effective at levelling the playing field between women and men, while the measures of the Conservatives did not fully achieve that effect. In fact, women are consistently nominated in less promising constituencies for the Conservatives. Nominating female candidates leads to more women being nominated in neighbouring constituencies in subsequent elections, while there is no evidence of cross-party contagion effects. Overall, these findings present strong evidence that the introduction of All-Women Shortlists started a dynamic process that consistently increased the number of female candidates and MPs for Labour, while the measures introduced by the Conservatives failed to achieve a similar effect.

Conducting Research on Handwriting Objects in Signature Sheets as Part of Election Campaigns: “Error Correction”

During the election campaign last summer, the author of this article was engaged by the management of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation to verify the correctness of activities associated with the expert study of voters’ signature sheets in support of the nomination of candidates for the Moscow City Duma. This participation was caused by numerous complaints of candidates for deputies who were refused registration because of insufficient number of reliable signatures of voters. Falsification of signature sheets was revealed by handwriting experts. Moreover, there has been a wave of rallies and demonstrations in support of unregistered candidates around the country, where doubts about the correctness of the expert checks and distrust to their results have been actively proclaimed. It was declared mainly by people doing little (if anything) with judicial graphology. In the paper we decided to address this problem in order to competently analyse the current situation, as well as to develop optimal ways to overcome possible negative consequences related to checking signature sheets by expert graphologists.

Candidate Supply Is Not a Barrier to Immigrant Representation: A Case–Control Study

AbstractImmigrants are underrepresented in most democratic parliaments. To explain the immigrant–native representation gap, existing research emphasizes party gatekeepers and structural conditions. But a more complete account must consider the possibility that the representation gap begins at the supply stage. Are immigrants simply less interested in elected office? To test this explanation, we carried out an innovative case–control survey in Sweden. We surveyed elected politicians, candidates for local office, and residents who have not run; stratified these samples by immigrant status; and linked all respondents to local political opportunity structures. We find that differences in political ambition, interest, and efficacy do not help explain immigrants' underrepresentation. Instead, the major hurdles lie in securing a candidate nomination and being placed on an electable list position. We conclude that there is a sufficient supply of potential immigrant candidates, but immigrants' ambition is thwarted by political elites.

SEEKING NOMINATIONS FOR 2021 SID HONORS AND AWARDS

IN OUR PROFESSIONAL LIVES, THERE ARE FEW GREATER REWARDS THAN recognition by our peers. For an individual in the field of electronic displays, the most significant examples of this recognition are awards from SID. Winners of SID awards represent the most notable contributors that have built today's display technology and industry. The Society relies on its members to nominate the individuals most deserving of this recognition. On behalf of SID's Honors and Awards Committee, I invite you to participate in the nomination of worthy candidates for next year's honors and awards. The SID Board of Directors grants awards based on recommendations made by the committee. Seven major prizes are awarded to individuals based on their outstanding achievements. These prizes are as follows: The Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize, SID's most prestigious award, is conferred on an individual for “outstanding technical achievement that has had a significant impact on the display industry.” This prize is named in honor of the German physicist and Nobel laureate Karl Ferdinand Braun, who invented the cathode-ray tube (CRT) in 1897. The David Sarnoff Industrial Achievement Prize is designed to honor “outstanding recipients who have had a profound, positive effect on the commercial display industry over a period of many years and are broadly recognized across the industry.” The Sarnoff Prize was created in honor of RCA visionary David Sarnoff to recognize individuals with a major business impact on the multinational display industry. The Peter Brody Prize is awarded to honor “outstanding contributions of young researchers (under age 40) who have made major and impactful technical contributions to the developments of electronic displays.” It is named for Peter Brody, who was a co-inventor of active matrix technology, which revolutionized modern electronic displays. The Jan Rajchman Prize is awarded for “outstanding scientific achievement or research in the field of flat-panel displays.” This prize, named for the Polish computer pioneer, is specifically dedicated to individuals who have made major scientific contributions to flat-panel-display technology or, through their research activities, have advanced the state of understanding of flat-panel technology. The Otto Schade Prize is awarded for “outstanding scientific or technical achievement in the advancement of functional performance and/or image quality of information displays.” The prize honors RCA engineer Otto Schade, an early pioneer in the development of television. While this prize naturally encompasses achievements in the understanding of human factors in display quality, the prize also may be awarded for technology or algorithms that lead to major advancements in displays' image quality. The Slottow–Owaki Prize is awarded for “outstanding contributions to the education and training of students and professionals in the field of information display.” This honors Professor H. Gene Slottow of the University of Illinois (an inventor of the plasma display), and Professor Kenichi Owaki of the Hiroshima Institute of Technology (an early leader of the pioneering Fujitsu Plasma Display program). The prize recognizes outstanding educational and training contributions by academics in a university setting, authors of books with a significant impact, and others with recognized influence in the education and training of participants in the display industry. The Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award is awarded for “exceptional and sustained service to the Society.” This award is granted exclusively to those who have made major contributions, over many years, to promote the goals and growth of SID. The membership grade of SID Fellow is one of unusual professional distinction. Each year the SID Board of Directors elects a limited number (up to 0.1 percent of the membership in that year) of SID members in good standing to the grade of Fellow. To be eligible, candidates must have been members for at least five years at the time of nomination, with the last three years consecutive. A candidate for election to Fellow is a member with “outstanding qualifications and experience as a scientist or engineer in the field of information display who has made widely recognized and significant contributions to the advancement of the display field over a sustained period of time.” The Special Recognition Award is given annually to a number of individuals in the scientific and business community for distinguished and valued contributions in the information display field. These awards are given for contributions in one or more of the following categories: (a) outstanding technical accomplishments, (b) outstanding contributions to the literature, (c) outstanding service to the Society, (d) outstanding entrepreneurial accomplishments, and (e) outstanding achievements in education. SID membership is encouraged, but not required, for nominees of this award. For more information about the awards or to download a nomination form, go to www.sid.org/About/Awards/IndividualHonorsandAwards.aspx. Detailed instructions and requirements for nomination packages will be available at that site. All 2021 award nominations packages must be submitted by October 15, 2020. Paul Drzaic, Ph.D. Chair, SID Honors and Awards Committee

Abstract 5221: Development of TGN-1076, a selective and reversible small molecule inhibitor of CDK7

Abstract Purpose: Tumor genetic heterogeneity can lead to dysregulation of transcriptional programs and cause cancer cells to become highly dependent on certain regulators of gene expression. Super-enhancers (SEs) are a class of regulatory regions that are associated with a strong enrichment of transcriptional coactivators (MED1, BRD4) and chromatin marks (H3K27Ac). It has been shown that tumor cells can acquire SEs at oncogenic driver genes (MYC, TERT, BCL2, GFI1, MED1, OCT4, and SOX2), activate their expression, and induce transcriptional reprogramming. Importantly, the majority of super-enhancers depend on the ability of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) to initiate transcription by phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of RNA Pol II. Recent reports have shown that high level of CDK7 is associated with poor prognosis in breast, gastric, ovarian, pancreatic, SCLC, ATC, and AML cancers. We have embarked on developing a novel therapeutic that specifically targets the CDK7 catalytic ATP pocket. Previously, we reported the discovery of TGN-1062 as a potent inhibitor of CDK7. In this study, we report the development of TGN-1076, an analog of TGN-1062, as a selective and reversible inhibitor of CDK7 due to its ideal candidate criteria. Methods: With structure-guided and iterative medicinal chemistry approaches, the previous lead candidate TGN-1062 was further optimized to improve potency, target selectivity, and desirable drug-like properties. In vitro kinase assays were performed using ADP-GloTM kinase assay kit (Promega). Cell viability assays were performed in a panel of cancer cell lines using CellTiter-Glo assay kit (Promega). RNA Pol II phosphorylation and total MYC protein levels were determined by Western Blotting. Results: TGN-1076 inhibited CDK7 activity with an IC50 of 20 nM and showed 10-500 fold selectivity against the closest members of the CDK family. TGN-1076 blocked growth of multiple cancer cells, among these pancreatic cancer cells were most sensitive with an GI50 of <0.6 µM. More importantly, phosphorylation of RNA Pol II and super-enhancer dependent expression of MYC as well as it's downstream target MCL-1 were significantly reduced in TGN-1076 treated MiaPaca2 pancreatic cancer cells. TGN-1076 showed high micromolar activity (>5 µM) against hERG and multiple P450 isozymes. The results from these studies along with ADME-Tox and pharmacokinetics will be presented. Conclusion: In summary, we have developed a novel selective and reversible inhibitor of CDK7. Our current efforts are focused on further optimization and nomination of a preclinical candidate for ADME-Tox and tumor efficacy studies. Citation Format: Trason Thode, Zhaoliang Li, Alexis Weston, Srikanta Dana, Sherin Daniel Ampanattu, Raffaella Soldi, Mohan Rao Kaadige, Hariprasad Vankayalapti, Vincent Chung, Joseph Chao, Daniel D Von Hoff, Sunil Sharma. Development of TGN-1076, a selective and reversible small molecule inhibitor of CDK7 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5221.

SEEKING NOMINATIONS FOR 2021 SID HONORS AND AWARDS

IN OUR PROFESSIONAL LIVES, THERE ARE FEW GREATER REWARDS THAN recognition by our peers. For an individual in the field of electronic displays, the most significant examples of this recognition are awards from SID. Winners of SID awards represent the most notable contributors that have built today's display technology and industry. The Society relies on its members to nominate the individuals most deserving of this recognition. On behalf of SID's Honors and Awards Committee, I invite you to participate in the nomination of worthy candidates for next year's honors and awards. The SID Board of Directors grants awards based on recommendations made by the committee. Seven major prizes are awarded to individuals based on their outstanding achievements. These prizes are as follows: The Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize, SID's most prestigious award, is conferred on an individual for “outstanding technical achievement that has had a significant impact on the display industry.” This prize is named in honor of the German physicist and Nobel laureate Karl Ferdinand Braun, who invented the cathode-ray tube (CRT) in 1897. The David Sarnoff Industrial Achievement Prize is designed to honor “outstanding recipients who have had a profound, positive effect on the commercial display industry over a period of many years and are broadly recognized across the industry.” The Sarnoff Prize was created in honor of RCA visionary David Sarnoff to recognize individuals with a major business impact on the multinational display industry. The Peter Brody Prize is awarded to honor “outstanding contributions of young researchers (under age 40) who have made major and impactful technical contributions to the developments of electronic displays.” It is named for Peter Brody, who was a co-inventor of active matrix technology, which revolutionized modern electronic displays. The Jan Rajchman Prize is awarded for “outstanding scientific achievement or research in the field of flat-panel displays.” This prize, named for the Polish computer pioneer, is specifically dedicated to individuals who have made major scientific contributions to flat-panel-display technology or, through their research activities, have advanced the state of understanding of flat-panel technology. The Otto Schade Prize is awarded for “outstanding scientific or technical achievement in the advancement of functional performance and/or image quality of information displays.” The prize honors RCA engineer Otto Schade, an early pioneer in the development of television. While this prize naturally encompasses achievements in the understanding of human factors in display quality, the prize also may be awarded for technology or algorithms that lead to major advancements in displays’ image quality. The Slottow–Owaki Prize is awarded for “outstanding contributions to the education and training of students and professionals in the field of information display.” This honors Professor H. Gene Slottow of the University of Illinois (an inventor of the plasma display), and Professor Kenichi Owaki of the Hiroshima Institute of Technology (an early leader of the pioneering Fujitsu Plasma Display program). The prize recognizes outstanding educational and training contributions by academics in a university setting, authors of books with a significant impact, and others with recognized influence in the education and training of participants in the display industry. The Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award is awarded for “exceptional and sustained service to the Society.” This award is granted exclusively to those who have made major contributions, over many years, to promote the goals and growth of SID. The membership grade of SID Fellow is one of unusual professional distinction. Each year the SID Board of Directors elects a limited number (up to 0.1 percent of the membership in that year) of SID members in good standing to the grade of Fellow. To be eligible, candidates must have been members for at least five years at the time of nomination, with the last three years consecutive. A candidate for election to Fellow is a member with “outstanding qualifications and experience as a scientist or engineer in the field of information display who has made widely recognized and significant contributions to the advancement of the display field over a sustained period of time.” The Special Recognition Award is given annually to a number of individuals in the scientific and business community for distinguished and valued contributions in the information-display field. These awards are given for contributions in one or more of the following categories: (a) outstanding technical accomplishments, (b) outstanding contributions to the literature, (c) outstanding service to the Society, (d) outstanding entrepreneurial accomplishments, and (e) outstanding achievements in education. SID membership is encouraged, but not required, for nominees of this award. For more information about the awards or to download a nomination form, go to www.sid.org/About/Awards/IndividualHonorsandAwards.aspx. Detailed instructions and requirements for nomination packages will be available at that site. All 2021 award nominations packages must be submitted by October 15, 2020. Paul Drzaic, Ph.D. Chair, SID Honors and Awards Committee

Less democracy, more centralism: the selection of Candidates by Golkar and PDIP in Indonesian subnational executive elections, 2005–2020

ABSTRACT One of the largest democracies in the world, Indonesia holds elections from the national to the subnational levels. This process inexorably involves hundreds of candidate nominations, with most candidate selections being made by parties. This article investigates how Indonesian parties selected their candidates for subnational executive elections (Pilkada) between 2005 and 2020. Analyzing the formal procedures and practices through which two major Indonesian political parties, the Indonesian Democratic Party—Struggle (PDIP) and Functional Groups Party (Golkar), selected their candidates in subnational elections, this article finds that the process tends to be less democratic but more centralistic. It further argues that intra-party politics within these two parties generated distinct patterns in these parties’ candidate selection processes. This article concludes that there exists a paradox, in which parties select candidates through centralized processes while simultaneously demanding governmental decentralization.