Candida Species In Oral Cavity Research Articles

The Study of Prevalence of Candida Species in Oral Cavity between Habitual and Non-Habitual of Gutka Chewers in Vitro Condition

Candida is the most common yeast existing as normal flora of oral cavity. Sometime Candida yeast can cause diseases in the oral cavity. Immune system is weakened due to widespread use of antibiotic, immunosuppressive drugs, age, genetic, malnutrition and hormone disorder as well as HIV infection. Immunocompromised person are more sensitive Aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Candid yeast in those persons that are habitual of chewing gutka and non-habitual. For this study, 450 oral rinse samples were collected aseptically in sterile test tube. These persons visited in dental OPD, Kalka dental college, Meerut. Groups were divided on the bases of habitual and non-habitual of gutka chewer and further clinical history of patients was recorded such as age, gender and socioeconomic status. Each sample were diluted and inoculated on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar medium by spread culture technique. The samples were further processed for colony characterization and biochemical test to identify Candida species. As well as measurement of pH level of the oral rinse sample were recorded with pH strip method. 414 isolates were collected from 450 samples, eight Candida species were isolated. Candida albicans were observed as dominant yeast, showed creamy colored, smooth colonies on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium. And observed germ tube test, psuedohyphae chlamydospore and various sugars fermentation as well as some other Candida yeasts were also isolated.

The Influence of Age, Health Care and Hygienic Habits on Candida Species Prevalence in the Human Oral Cavity and Genitourinary Tract

Aims: The present study examined the influence of age, health care and hygienic habits on the prevalence of Candida species in the human oral cavity and genitourinary tract.
 Study Design: The study was a cross sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Bishop Shanahan Hospital, Nsukka, between March 2006 and February 2007.
 Methodology: Oral and genitourinary samples were collected from 218 individuals (45 males, 173 females) within the ages of 12 and 67 years. Ninety-four of these volunteers responded to the questionnaire on health care and hygienic habits. The clinical specimen collected were cultured for the presence of Candida species. The data obtained were statistically presented as means and percentages. 
 Results: Out of 298 samples collected, 61/154 oral (19 males, 42 females) and 53/144 genitourinary (0 male, 53 females) samples yielded growth of Candida species. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Candida species between subjects who use toothpaste and those who use chewing stick for oral hygiene (P=0.93). Respondents who douched were more colonized with Candida 26(39.39%) than those who did not (0%). Species of Candida were significantly associated with the textile material of the undergarment (p = 0.044). Age significantly influenced the prevalence of Candida species in the oral cavity (p < 0.05) but not in the genitourinary tract (p = 0.612).
 Conclusion: The study recommends good personal hygiene and health care habits to reduce proliferation of Candida species.
 Aims: The present study examined the influence of age, health care and hygienic habits on the prevalence of Candida species in the human oral cavity and genitourinary tract.
 Study Design: The study was a cross sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Bishop Shanahan Hospital, Nsukka, between March 2006 and February 2007.
 Methodology: Oral and genitourinary samples were collected from 218 individuals (45 males, 173 females) within the ages of 12 and 67 years. Ninety-four of these volunteers responded to the questionnaire on health care and hygienic habits. The clinical specimen collected were cultured for the presence of Candida species. The data obtained were statistically presented as means and percentages. 
 Results: Out of 298 samples collected, 61/154 oral (19 males, 42 females) and 53/144 genitourinary (0 male, 53 females) samples yielded growth of Candida species. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Candida species between subjects who use toothpaste and those who use chewing stick for oral hygiene (P=0.93). Respondents who douched were more colonized with Candida 26(39.39%) than those who did not (0%). Species of Candida were significantly associated with the textile material of the undergarment (p = 0.044). Age significantly influenced the prevalence of Candida species in the oral cavity (p < 0.05) but not in the genitourinary tract (p = 0.612).
 Conclusion: The study recommends good personal hygiene and health care habits to reduce proliferation of Candida species.
 Aims: The present study examined the influence of age, health care and hygienic habits on the prevalence of Candida species in the human oral cavity and genitourinary tract.
 Study Design: The study was a cross sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and Bishop Shanahan Hospital, Nsukka, between March 2006 and February 2007.
 Methodology: Oral and genitourinary samples were collected from 218 individuals (45 males, 173 females) within the ages of 12 and 67 years. Ninety-four of these volunteers responded to the questionnaire on health care and hygienic habits. The clinical specimen collected were cultured for the presence of Candida species. The data obtained were statistically presented as means and percentages. 
 Results: Out of 298 samples collected, 61/154 oral (19 males, 42 females) and 53/144 genitourinary (0 male, 53 females) samples yielded growth of Candida species. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Candida species between subjects who use toothpaste and those who use chewing stick for oral hygiene (P=0.93). Respondents who douched were more colonized with Candida 26(39.39%) than those who did not (0%). Species of Candida were significantly associated with the textile material of the undergarment (p = 0.044). Age significantly influenced the prevalence of Candida species in the oral cavity (p < 0.05) but not in the genitourinary tract (p = 0.612).
 Conclusion: The study recommends good personal hygiene and health care habits to reduce proliferation of Candida species.

Vitis Vinifera L.: A new bioactive anticandidal agent to combat oral candidal carriage in Down syndrome patients.

Down syndrome (DS) patients have a high risk of opportunistic infections from Candida species. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to assess the prevalence of Candida species in oral cavity of DS patients and investigating of grape seed extract (GSE) as a potential anticandidal agent. Our study included fifty patients with DS and fifty healthy children. Oral tongue swabs were taken from both groups and isolated Candida species were identified. The anticandidal activity of GSE against isolated Candida was studied using agar well diffusion method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the major alterations in Candida after GSE treatment. GSE was subjected to GC-MS analysis and HPLC analysis. Forty six samples showed growth of Candida in DS group, where as ten samples in control group. The most common pathogenic Candida isolated from DS patients was C.tropicalis (65.2%). GSE showed significant inhibitory activity against C.tropicalis (MIC 30 mg/ml). The SEM showed complete alterations in Candida cell morphology. GC-MS chromatogram of GSE revealed 30 compounds, the major one is (9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid) which confirmed by HPLC chromatogram with a peak at RT 20.311 min. GSE could be a promising anticandidal agent and it may form a primary platform for further toxicological assessment and development of new drugs.

Candida albicans and tooth decay in children with pyelonephritis

Clinical investigations show that alongside Streptococcus m utans , a considerable concentration of Candida albicans is often found in the dental biofilm of toddlers suffering from early childhood caries. Based on some studies, the identification of Candida species in oral cavity is in positive correlation to poor oral hygiene status and abundant carbohydrate consumption. The caries-provoking potential of these species is associated with the acid-producing effect of their heterofermentative characteristics. Candida infection in the oral cavity may be a potential predictor of a tooth decay process in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the interrelations between Candida albicans and caries in children with diagnosed pyelonephritis. In the investigation are included children with diagnosed pyelonephritis and healthy participants of the same age. Microbiological tests and epidemiological research are performed. Statistical methods are applied. In 4.17% of the patients with the diagnosis of pyelonephritis the test for the presence of Candida albicans in the oral cavity shows positive results. The Pearson`s correlation coefficient examining the indicators of Candida albicans and dft amounts to 0.215. There is a slight positive correlation between these indicators. It can be concluded that these microorganisms are not a definitive predisposing factor for initiation and progression of tooth decay among children with pyelonephritis and healthy controls.

Antifungal Resistance Patterns, Virulence Attributes and Spectrum of Oral Candida Species in Patients with Periodontal Disease

Aims: To observe the antifungal resistance pattern, virulence attributes and spectrum of Candida species in oral cavities of patients with periodontal diseases and healthy individuals. Study Design: A total number of 52 patients with periodontal disease and 100 healthy subjects were included in the study. Place and Duration: The study was carried out in the Apex Regional STD Teaching, Training and Research Centre, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital and Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. Duration of the study was from December 2011 to June 2013. Methodology: Oral swabs were collected from the patients and control group. The specimens Original Research Article Kumar et al.; BMRJ, 5(1): 68-75, 2015; Article no. BMRJ.2015.008 69 were cultured for Candida and the species identified, according to standard protocols. Antifungal susceptibility testing and virulence tests were performed. Results: Out of 52 patients screened 11 yielded (21%) different Candida species, with Candida albicans (83%) being the commonest and non Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species accounting for 17 %. Among 100 healthy controls, 23 were colonized by various Candida species, with Candida albicans again as the predominant species. A significant difference (P =.002) was observed in the secretion of proteinase enzyme between the isolates from cases and controls. However, in the distribution of Candida species, antifungal resistance patterns, phospholipase secretion and biofilm formation there was no such significant difference. Conclusion: Our results reveal that there is no significant difference in the distribution of Candida species among healthy subjects and patients with periodontal diseases. Antifungal resistance patterns and expression of some of the important virulence attributes also revealed no differences between the isolates from patients and control populations.

Use of the DNA Checkerboard hybridization method for detection and quantitation of Candida species in oral microbiota

The DNA Checkerboard method enables the simultaneous identification of distinct microorganisms in a large number of samples and employs up to 45 whole genomic DNA probes to gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species present in subgingival biofilms. Collectively, they account for 55%-60% of the bacteria in subgingival biofilms. In this study, we present the DNA Checkerboard hybridization as an alternative method for the detection and quantitation of Candida species in oral cavities. Our results reveal that DNA Checkerboard is sensitive enough and constitutes a powerful and appropriate method for detecting and quantifying Candida species found in the oral cavity.