Prevalence Of Cancer Screening Research Articles

International Anal Neoplasia Society's consensus guidelines for anal cancer screening.

The International Anal Neoplasia Society (IANS) developed consensus guidelines to inform anal cancer screening use among various high-risk groups. Anal cancer incidence estimates by age among risk groups provided the basis to identify risk thresholds to recommend screening. Guided by risk thresholds, screening initiation at age 35 years was recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) with HIV. For other people with HIV and MSM and TW not with HIV, screening initiation at age 45 years was recommended. For solid organ transplant recipients, screening initiation beginning from 10 years post-transplant was recommended. For persons with a history of vulvar precancer or cancer, screening initiation was recommended starting within 1 year of diagnosis of vulvar precancer or cancer. Persons aged ≥45 years with a history of cervical/vaginal HSIL or cancer, perianal warts, persistent (>1 year) cervical HPV16, or autoimmune conditions could be considered for screening with shared decision-making, provided there is adequate capacity to perform diagnostic procedures (high-resolution anoscopy [HRA]). Anal cytology, high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) testing (including genotyping for HPV16), and hrHPV-cytology co-testing are different strategies currently used for anal cancer screening that show acceptable performance. Thresholds for referral for HRA or follow-up screening tests are delineated. These recommendations from IANS provide the basis to inform management of abnormal screening results, considering currently available screening tools. These guidelines provide a pivotal foundation to help generate consensus among providers and inform the introduction and implementation of risk-targeted screening for anal cancer prevention.

Lung cancer statistics, 2023.

Despite decades of declining mortality rates, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This article examines lung cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, survival, and mortality using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Over the past 5years, declines in lung cancer mortality became considerably greater than declines in incidence among men (5.0% vs. 2.6% annually) and women (4.3% vs. 1.1% annually), reflecting absolute gains in 2-year relative survival of 1.4% annually. Improved outcomes likely reflect advances in treatment, increased access to care through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and earlier stage diagnosis; for example, compared with a 4.6% annual decrease for distant-stage disease incidence during 2013-2019, the rate for localized-stage disease rose by 3.6% annually. Localized disease incidence increased more steeply in states with the highest lung cancer screening prevalence (by 3%-5% annually) than in those with the lowest (by 1%-2% annually). Despite progress, disparities remain. For example, Native Americans have the highest incidence and the slowest decline (less than 1% annually among men and stagnant rates among women) of any group. In addition, mortality rates in Mississippi and Kentucky are two to three times higher than in most western states, largely because of elevated historic smoking prevalence that remains. Racial and geographic inequalities highlight longstanding opportunities for more concerted tobacco-control efforts targeted at high-risk populations, including improved access to smoking-cessation treatments and lung cancer screening, as well as state-of-the-art treatment.

Efficacy evaluation of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screening for secondary prevention of gastric cancer using the standardized detection ratio during a medical check-up in Japan.

We used standardized detection ratio to evaluate the quality of nasal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screening for the secondary prevention of gastric cancer, and examined the gastric cancer risk in the era of total Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. We performed 21,931 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies, 77 subjects were diagnosed with gastric cancer. Of these, 28 had gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication, 47 had gastric cancer with H. pylori-positive or others, and 2 had H. pylori-negative gastric cancer. The Standardized detection ratios for men and women were 5.33 and 4.82, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses performed exclusively on first endoscopy subjects, excluding H. pylori-negative gastric cancer, revealed that smoking was a risk factor for developing gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 3.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-6.64; p = 0.001). A statistically significant interaction was found between daily alcohol consumpption and H. pylori eradication on gastric cancer development (p = 0.005). In conclusion, relatively high standardized detection ratio values suggest that an appropriate endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer should be performed during a medical check-up. Smoking is a risk factor for developing gastric cancer, and continued alcohol consumption suggests a possible risk for developing gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication.

Cancer Health Literacy and Its Correlated Factors in the United Arab Emirates-A Cross Sectional Study.

Cancer Health literacy (CHL) is the health literacy related to cancer knowledge, prevention, treatment, screening, and access to services. It is an important indicator of people's adherence to screening and preventive measures, which helps to reduce the incidence and prevalence of cancer. The study assessed the CHL level and its association with relevant socio-demographic characteristics and sources of information among primary health care patients and visitors in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A cross-sectional study recruited survey participants who consented to respond to an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The assessment of CHL was done by using 15 questions. CHL level was measured as a median score and also categorized as poor/inadequate, moderate, good/excellent. Nominal logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between CHL categories and participants' sociodemographic characteristics and CHL sources of information. Of the total 492 participants, 45.5% were young adults (30-39years old), 32.9% were males, and 70.8% were UAE nationals. The overall median CHL score was 8.0 (IQR = 5.0-10). 33.7% of the participants had a poor/inadequate level of CHL, 49.6% had a moderate level and 16.7% had a good to excellent level of CHL. 76.9% of the participants knew the importance of early cancer screening tests, 72.7% acknowledged the metastatic capacity of cancer, and the protective factors of cancer, especially, in colon cancer (71.7%). A high proportion of participants received health information about cancer via the internet (50.7%), television (45.3%), social media (40.2%), and doctors (43.6%). Nationality other than UAE (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.03-2.56, P = .038), having university education (aOR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.21-3.99, P = .010) compared to those with lower than high school, and having a family history of cancer (aOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.33-4.41, P = .004) were positively associated with CHL. Older age (aOR = .36, 95% CI = .17-.75, P = .007 for 50-59 years, and aOR = .29, 95% CI = .11-.82, P = .019) for 60-69 years, higher-income (aOR = .57, 95% CI = .33-.99, P = .047 for 10,000-19,999 AED; aOR = .53, 95% CI = .33-.88, P = .013 for ≥20,000) compared with those earning <10,000 AED were negatively associated with CHL. CHL among the resident UAE population was moderately adequate, therefore implementation of awareness campaigns seems to be warranted. Moreover, evaluation research targeting the CHL impact on cancer prevention practices and screening is also advocated.

428 Cost-effectiveness of BRCA1 testing at time of obstetrical prenatal carrier screening for cancer prevention

428 Cost-effectiveness of BRCA1 testing at time of obstetrical prenatal carrier screening for cancer prevention

Cancer screening research in Bangladesh: Insights from a scoping review.

This scoping review summarises the findings of research conducted on cancer screening in Bangladesh, including the prevalence, awareness, barriers, and evaluation of screening programmes, by performing a comprehensive search of electronic databases and gray literature. 25 studies that met inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Most of the studies were about screening for cervical cancer, were quantitative, were cross-sectional, and were conducted in hospital settings. The main challenges to screening uptake were shyness, fear, a lack of knowledge, and an inadequate understanding of the concept of screening. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was found to be a simple and cost-efficient way to detect early-stage cervical cancer. However, breast self-examination (BSE) was reported to be insufficient. Education was found to have a positive impact on cancer screening knowledge and practice, but more needs to be done to improve screening rates, such as the utilisation of media, particularly in rural areas. The results of this scoping review highlight Bangladesh's low cancer screening prevalence and uptake and suggest that targeted awareness campaigns and enhanced access to screening services are required to increase cancer screening uptake and reduce the cancer burden in Bangladesh.

Examining Prevalence and Influential Factors of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women of Reproductive Age at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital in Fort Portal City

Globally, cervical cancer stands as a pressing health issue for women, ranking as the second most common cancer type among females worldwide. A study conducted at Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital in Fort Portal City aimed to assess the prevalence and factors impacting the participation of women of reproductive age in cervical cancer screening tests. Employing a cross-sectional descriptive design with quantitative methods, the study utilized a consecutive sampling technique, surveying 96 respondents through self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis involved coding and entry via SPSS 20.1, with findings presented through tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results indicated that only a quarter of respondents (25%) had undergone cervical cancer screening, predominantly opting for Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) (58.3%). Notably, a significant proportion of screened individuals (66.7%) hailed from rural areas, and the majority (66.7%) had a parity of 3 or fewer children. Moreover, 58.3% of those screened reported earning more than 400,000 shs per month. Unexpectedly, reluctance accounted for 44.8% of respondents' reasons for not undergoing screening. In summary, despite free accessibility to the service, there's a notably low prevalence of cervical cancer screening. Reluctance and fear associated with the procedure emerged as significant barriers hindering the uptake of cervical cancer screening among the surveyed population. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Reproductive age, Mothers, Women, Human papillomavirus.

Prevalence and predictors of cancer screening in transgender and gender nonbinary individuals

Background Current cancer screening guidelines for transgender individuals are guided primarily by expert opinion, and are extrapolated from guidelines for cisgender populations, despite the additional unique risks that transgender populations face in cancer risk and cancer care. Aims We examined adherence to current recommended screening guidelines as well as drivers of cancer screening in 192 transgender and gender-nonbinary (TGNB) individuals participating in Project AFFIRM, a multi-site longitudinal cohort study of TGNB individuals. Methods We used a chi-squared analysis to look for significant associations between predictors and adherence to breast, cervical, prostate and colon cancer screening. We analyzed predictors by 3 different categories: sex/gender identity, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status. Results Screening rates were low for breast, cervical, prostate and colon cancer in TGNB populations compared to national rates for cisgender populations. Among several significant predictors, gender-affirming surgery (hysterectomy) (p-value = <0.0001) and telling others they are transgender at a younger age (< 18) (p-value = 0.0344) were associated with increased screening adherence, while having HIV was associated with decreased screening adherence (p-value = 0.0045). Discussion Our results suggest that interacting with the healthcare system to obtain comprehensive cancer screening can be difficult to navigate among the other healthcare needs of TGNB individuals both on an individual and systems level. Future efforts to mitigate the barriers to screening adherence should be targeted at the healthcare system level.

Vulnerability and Colorectal screening during the pandemic

ObjectiveDisparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening prevalence across United States neighborhoods may reflect social inequities that create barriers to accessing and completing preventive health services. Our objective was to identify whether neighborhood social vulnerability was associated with a change in CRC screening prevalence in Boston neighborhoods during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsAdults ages 50–74 years due for CRC screening who received primary care at one of 35 primary care practices affiliated with Massachusetts General Hospital or Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, MA), 3/1/2020 to 3/1/2022. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is an aggregate measure of neighborhood social factors often used by public health authorities to examine neighborhood susceptibility to many health outcomes. ResultsIn 2020, 74.9 % of eligible individuals were up to date with CRC screening and this fell to 67.4 % in 2022 (p < 0.001). In 2020, 36.2 % of eligible patients lived in a neighborhood above the 80th percentile of SVI, consistent with high social vulnerability, while the same value was 35.1 % in 2022. There was no association between the change in screening prevalence and SVI: a decrease of 5.5 % screened in neighborhoods with SVI ≤ 80 compared to a decrease of 3.6 % in neighborhoods with SVI > 80 (p = 0.79). ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic equalized the prevalence of CRC screening across Boston-area neighborhoods despite pre-existing geographic disparities in screening prevalence and SVI. Strategies to ensure equitable participation in CRC screening to promote health equity should be considered to promote equitable pandemic recovery.

Prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption and oral cancer screening among men in India: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional Survey

Prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption and oral cancer screening among men in India: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional Survey

Factors influencing cervical cancer screening among reproductive age group women in India: A multilevel analysis of nationwide survey 2019–2021

Trends and factors associated with cervical cancer screening (CCS) among women of reproductive age are essential for designing cancer prevention strategies to reduce mortality. The present study investigates the factors contributing to CCS in India through multilevel modeling on data from women files of the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 5). Districts, villages, and individuals were considered as the levels under investigation. Age, contraception use, and wealth index impacted the CCS significantly. The percentage of CCS is 1.2, and it varies across socioeconomic factors. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening is high among women in the 30–49 age group, in the rich wealth index, and not utilizing condoms as contraception. The screening percentage was found to be highest in southern states. A pressing need was felt for organizing awareness camps and all-inclusive dissemination of information, especially in the Northern part of India.

The Impact of a Student-Led Health Education Clinic on the Health Literacy and Behaviors of a Rural Community in the State of Pennsylvania, USA.

Rural populations experience a number of disparities that place them at increased risk of morbidity and mortality related to chronic disease, including lower health literacy and greater distance to medical care. Community-based free healthcare education can offer targeted preventive care to these vulnerable populations; however, limited quantitative research exists measuring their impact, specifically on health literacy and likelihood for behavior change. To investigate this, a student-led health education clinic was held in January 2023 in the rural community of Lykens, Pennsylvania by the Student-run and Collaborative Outreach Program for Health Equity (SCOPE). Fifty-five pre- and post-clinic surveys using Likert-style questions measured the knowledge and likelihood of behavioral change for several preventive health topics, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer screenings, childhood vaccinations, skin cancer, mental health, addiction, and nutrition. From pre- to post-clinic, there was a significant increase in knowledge of hypertension (p = 0.023) and diabetes (p = 0.014), likelihood of attending cancer screenings (p = 0.038), and confidence in identifying cancerous moles (p = < 0.001). There was a non-significant increase in understanding of mental health and nutrition, and no change in understanding of addiction or childhood vaccinations. It is likely that the level of interaction in education provided and relevance of information to participants contributed to effective uptake of information. The results demonstrate an immediate impact on health literacy and likelihood of behavioral change for several important preventive health topics, and advocate for the use of student-run healthcare interventions in addressing the prevalence of chronic disease in rural communities.

Prevalence and predictors of cervical cancer screening among HIV-positive women in rural western Uganda: insights from the health-belief model

BackgroundWomen living with HIV are at increased risk of developing cervical cancer (CC). Screening for cancer is an important preventive strategy for the early detection of precancerous lesions and its management. There has been inadequate evidence on cervical cancer screening (CCS) practices among HIV-positive women in rural western Uganda. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of CCS among HIV-positive women, as well as knowledge and practices regarding cervical cancer screening.MethodsA cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted among HIV-positive women attending HIV care facilities located in rural settings of western Uganda. A validated and interview-based data collection form was used to capture statistics regarding demographics, HIV care, obstetric profile, health belief constructs, and knowledge and history of CCS from the participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to correlate women’s characteristics and health beliefs toward CCS practices.ResultsThe prevalence of CCS among HIV-positive women was found to be 39.1% (95%CI: 14.0–71.7). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that post-secondary education attainment (AOR = 3.21; 95%CI = 2.12–7.28), four years or more lapsing after being diagnosed as HIV-positive (AOR = 2.87; 95%CI = 1.34–6.13), having more than one child (AOR = 1.87; 95%CI = 1.04–3.35), antenatal care attendance (AOR = 1.74; 95%CI = 1.02–3.43), post-natal care attendance (AOR = 3.75; 95%CI = 1.68–5.89), and having good knowledge regarding CC (AOR = 1.26; 95%CI = 1.98–3.02) were positively associated with adherence to CCS among HIV-positive women in western Uganda. Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs like the perceived risk of developing CC (AOR = 1.82; 95%CI = 1.16–2.01), worries about developing CC (AOR = 5.01; 95%CI = 4.26–8.32), believing that CC leads to death (AOR = 2.56; 95%CI = 1.64–3.56), that screening assists in early identification (AOR = 2.12; 95%CI = 1.84–3.74) and treatment (AOR = 4.63; 95%CI = 2.78–6.43) of precancerous lesions, reducing the risk of mortality (AOR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.12–2.75), and the reassurance provided by negative test results (AOR = 2.08; 95%CI = 1.33–4.22) were positively associated with adhering to CCS. A female doctor performing the screening (AOR = 2.02; 95%CI = 1.57–3.98) as well as offering a free screening service (AOR = 3.23; 95%CI = 1.99–4.38) were significantly associated with CCS. Meanwhile, screening being painful (AOR = 0.28; 95%CI = 0.12–0.45), expensive (AOR = 0.36; 95%CI = 0.24–0.53), time-consuming (AOR = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.19–0.41), embarrassing (AOR = 0.02; 95%CI = 0.01–0.06), and the fear of positive results (AOR = 0.04; 95%CI = 0.02–0.10) were found to have a significant negative association with adhering to CCS.ConclusionsOnly one-third of HIV-positive women had undergone CCS. Variables including secondary education attainment, four years or more lapsing after being diagnosed as HIV-positive, having more than one child, antenatal care attendance, post-natal care attendance, and knowledge about CC were positively associated with CCS adherence. Educational programs should be geared towards the risk of CC, severity of cases, benefits of screening, and reducing barriers associated with screening, which can significantly improve cervical CCS among HIV-positive women. The study proposes the incorporation of free screening services and the inclusion of trained female staff in CC prevention policies to improve CCS.

Abstract B053: Rural-urban disparities in cancer risk factors and screening by United States census region

Abstract We examined rural-urban differences in the prevalence of cancer risk factors and screening behaviors across U.S. census regions to better understand variations within and between geographic regions and inform strategies to address rural cancer inequities. Using an ecological cross-sectional design, we examined rural-urban differences in the self-reported prevalence of county-level cancer risk factors (i.e., obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption) and cancer screening behaviors (i.e., breast, colorectal and cervical) ascertained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and National Health Interview Survey (2008-2013) across four U.S. census regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West). County-level rurality was defined using 2013 U.S. Office of Management and Budget rural-urban classification codes, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service’s rural-urban continuum codes. Chi-square tests assessed differences in the mean prevalence of county-level cancer risk factors and cancer screening behaviors in each geographic region. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) models estimated the p-values for trends in cancer risk factors and screening prevalence across the rural-urban continuum. Within each geographic region, rural counties had a higher prevalence of smoking, obesity and physical inactivity. Yet, rural-urban differences in cancer risk factors were not statistically significant in all geographic regions (e.g., prevalence of obesity for Western rural vs. urban counties was 26.5% vs. 25.7% [p=0.08] and physical inactivity for Northeastern rural vs. urban counties was 23.2% vs. 22.5% [p=0.15]). Moreover, the mean prevalence of obesity was higher in urban areas of the Midwest (31%) and South (31.3%) compared to rural areas in the West (26.5%) and Northeast (29.5%). Binge alcohol use was higher in rural vs. urban counties in the West (19.8% vs. 17.7%; p&amp;lt;0.001) and Midwest (22.3% vs. 21.5%; p=0.006), but lower in the South (13.5% vs. 15.2%; p&amp;lt;0.001). Obesity and smoking prevalence increased with increasing rurality across all regions (ptrend&amp;lt;0.045). Breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening prevalence were lower in rural vs. urban counties in each geographic region (all p-values&amp;lt;0.04). However, the overall prevalence of screening across all cancer sites was higher in rural Northeast counties compared to both rural and urban counties in the South and West regions. Across all regions, cervical and breast cancer screening decreased with increasing rurality (all ptrend&amp;lt;0.001). A significant inverse trend in prevalence of colorectal cancer screening with increasing rurality was observed in all regions except the Northeast (ptrend=0.17). Our findings suggest notable variations in rural-urban cancer risk factors and screening disparities across U.S. geographic regions. Further exploration of the source of this geographic variation is warranted to ensure the development and implementation of relevant cancer control interventions targeting rural populations most in need. Citation Format: Kelly A. Hirko, Huiwen Xu, Laura Q. Rogers, Michelle Y. Martin, Siddhartha Roy, Kimberly M. Kelly, Shannon M. Christy, Kimlin Tam Ashing, Jean C. Yi, Marquita W. Lewis-Thames, Cathy D. Meade, Qian Lu, Clement K. Gwede, Rachel M. Ceballos, Usha Menon, Katie Cueva, Karen Yeary, Lisa Klesges, Monica L. Baskin, Kassandra I. Alcaraz, Sabrina Ford. Rural-urban disparities in cancer risk factors and screening by United States census region [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B053.

Predictive factors of breast cancer mammography screening among Iranian women.

Understanding the factors that influence women's cancer screening behavior is crucial in reducing cancer mortality through early detection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the status of mammography and related factors among women who presented to the health centers of Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. For this study, a sample of 251,011 women who visited healthcare centers affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences was selected. The study examined several variables, including sociodemographic information, current smoking, nutrition status, and physical exercise. All analyses were performed using Python programming language and SPSS software. Furthermore, to handle imbalanced data, we used SMOTE balancing method that is an oversampling method and produce synthetic samples from the minority class. The factors of age, education, being employed, having children, family history of cancer, physical activity, smoking status, and diet were all predictors of mammography screening. Moreover, findings showed that age and family history of breast cancer were most important variables to predict mammography status, respectively. By examining various variables such as dietary habits, exercise, smoking, and demographic properties, it sheds light on the relationships between these factors and mammography screening. This provides valuable insights into the associations between breast cancer screening behavior and preventive lifestyle behaviors. By targeting both preventive lifestyle choices and breast cancer screening behaviors, interventions can effectively promote positive changes in behavior and ultimately reduce the incidence and impact of breast cancer.

Abstract PR011: Exploring factors influencing preventive cancer screenings for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults in Hawaiʻi

Abstract Background: This study aims to investigate cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among Pacific Islanders and Native Hawaiians in Hawaiʻi by examining social factors that influence healthcare utilization behaviors for cancer screenings. The National Cancer Institute developed the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) to collect national data about the use of cancer-related information, access, as well as changing patterns and communications trends regarding health practices. However, HINTS data are not sufficient to address historically excluded demographic subpopulations as each year, an average of 7,393 Hawai‘i residents are diagnosed with invasive cancer and rates are disproportionate ethnically. Methods: We administered a cross-sectional survey during 2017-2018 to Native Hawaiians, Chuukese, and Marshallese in Hawaiʻi using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) to recruit these geographically hard-to-reach groups. The modified HINTS survey included questions about cancer knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, social interactions, and cultural practices. A total of 515 Native Hawaiians, 305 Chuukese, and 180 Marshallese completed the survey. Differences were found across a variety of cancer and health-related attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors. The Gelberg and Anderson (2000) Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations and biculturalism guided the theoretical and conceptual models for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used adjusting for age, income, health insurance, and occupational status, to measure social constructs of interest and their interaction with colorectal, pap test, and mammography cancer screenings. To triangulate these findings, key thematic analyses were included from thirteen interviews with adults living within the communities first surveyed. Results: Significant multivariable influences on not having a pap test included never being married (P=.004) and having no health insurance (P&amp;lt;.0001); while influences over having a pap test included a high ethnic identity (P=.001). Significant influences over not having a mammogram included never being married (P=.04), having no health insurance (P&amp;lt;.0001), and not currently employed (P=.009). Significant influences on never having a test for colon cancer included being semi-religious (P=.0001), having no health insurance (P=.005), and not being able to rely on physicians (P=.02). Key findings relating to cancer screenings from the interviews included fear of finding out, lack of language assistance, limited discussion within social circles relating to health and cancer practices, and a belief in a higher intervening power. Conclusion: Cancer prevention education and culturally tailored programs are greatly needed for Pacific Islander and Native Hawaiians in Hawaiʻi. This study provides insight into influences, both positive and negative, on cancer screenings for these communities and areas for future cancer prevention/intervention efforts. Citation Format: Mark L. Willingham Jr., Kevin D. Cassel, Angela Sy, Munirih Taafaki, Tressa P. Diaz, Angelina G. Mummert, Wei Zhang. Exploring factors influencing preventive cancer screenings for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults in Hawaiʻi [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR011.

Abstract C106: Association between cancer risk perception and patient-centered communication and cervical cancer screening behavior among African Americans (AA) and Sub-Saharan African immigrant (SAI) women

Abstract Background- Black women in the US have disproportionately higher mortality and shortest survival than any ethnic or racial group for cervical cancer. Many factors contribute to the elevated cancer burden, including cancer risk perceptions and knowledge as well as patient centered communication behaviors that may influence cervical cancer screening uptake. Misperceptions of cancer risk and limited knowledge may decrease the use of preventive cancer screening. In addition, patients who encounter clinicians who practice communication not reflective of patient-centeredness may be less likely to participate in regular cancer screening. The aim of this study was to determine if cervical screening uptake among Black women was associated with cancer risk perceptions and knowledge and clinician communication behavior. Methods- We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Black women (African Americans (AA) and sub-Saharan African (SAI) recruited from Lexington, KY and surrounding towns. Data included sociodemographics, measures of cancer perceptions, and patient-centered communication. The chi-squared test of association and multiple linear regression were used to assess the unadjusted and adjusted associations among cancer risk perceptions and knowledge, patient-centered communication, and receipt of pap test. Data analysis was conducted using SAS, version 9.4 with an alpha of .05. Results- In the sample of 116 Black women who were age appropriate for pap screening (n = 48 SAI; n = 68 AA), nearly two-thirds had received a pap test (63%) in concordance with guidelines. Compared to those who had not had a pap, women who had received a pap test endorsed the statement ‘it seems like everything causes cancer (p=.006),’ while fewer agreed ‘when I think about cancer, I automatically think about death (p&amp;lt;.001)’. Both responses remained significant after adjusting for age, ethnicity, health insurance status and having a primary care provider. A higher proportion of women agreed with the six patient-centered communication items in the bivariate analysis, and remained significant in the adjusted modeling for the responses to the following three items: 1) During the past 12 months, how often did doctors, nurses, or other health professionals give you the chance to ask all the health-related questions you had?; 2) In the past 12 months, how often did you feel you could rely on doctors, nurses, or other health professionals to take care of your health care needs?; and 3) During the past 12 months, how often did doctors, nurses, or other health professionals make sure you understood the things you needed to do to take care of your health? Conclusion- Evaluation of cancer risk perceptions and patient-centered communication provide useful guidance for the development of interventions for Black women. Future research should target Black women that have misperceptions of cancer risk and limited knowledge for cervical cancer awareness. Clinicians should practice communication reflective of patient-centeredness to promote cervical cancer screening behavior. Citation Format: Adebola Adegboyega, Amanda Wiggins, Mark Dignan. Association between cancer risk perception and patient-centered communication and cervical cancer screening behavior among African Americans (AA) and Sub-Saharan African immigrant (SAI) women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C106.

Breast Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Female University Students in The Gambia

Background. Breast cancer is the second most prevalent form of cancer in The Gambia, with an incidence rate of approximately 15% and a mortality rate exceeding 50% in 2020. The all-age prevalence stands at 11.25 per 100,000 population. In light of this, we conducted a study to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast cancer screening among female university students. Method. We conducted an institutional cross-sectional study involving 361 randomly sampled female university students. Data collection was done using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. We utilized descriptive statistics to describe the prevalence and burden of breast cancer screening among the participants. Results. Our study revealed good knowledge regarding breast cancer screening among female university students, yet 82.8% had a negative attitude about the disease. More than three-quarters (76.6%) of the respondents had never practiced any form of breast cancer screening. Notably, there was a significant association between knowledge of breast cancer screening and attitude ( p = 0.027 ), and factors such as level of study ( p = 0.041 ), ethnicity ( p = 0.026 ), parity ( p = 0.018 ), and faculty of study ( p = &lt; 0.001 ) influenced the participants’ knowledge. Conclusion. It is crucial to implement comprehensive awareness campaigns to address the negative attitude and poor screening practices among female university students regarding breast cancer. Additionally, providing free and widespread breast cancer screening services to students should be considered as a means to combat this disease.

Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Cervical Cancer Screening in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Study.

Cervical cancer, despite being preventable, is one of the most prevalent cancers among females globally and in Saudi Arabia. The literature demonstrated that, unlike global trends, cervical cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia is increasing. In addition to that, a high proportion of it is discovered in advanced stages. This state of late discovery was attributed to the absence of efficient preventive and screening programs. Observing the scale of the preventable morbidities and mortalities that can be caused by cervical cancer and the efforts and costs that are positioned to fight cervical cancer across the globe and the current ambiguity in the cervical cancer screening prevalence in Saudi Arabia brings the realization of the importance of conducting a study that properly explores the status of cervical cancer screening in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to measure the prevalence and the predictive factors for cervical cancer screening among adult women who were previously sexually active in Saudi Arabia, as well as explore the participants' knowledge and attitude toward cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. This study was a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia between September 2023 and November 2023 on adult Saudi females between the ages of 21 and 65 years who were previously sexually active and did not undergo a hysterectomy. Data were collected through a convenience sampling technique where a self-administered survey was established and disseminated to the targeted population all over the country with the assistance of data collectors. Cervical cancer screening prevalence and screening predictive factors were measured. Factors associated with cervical cancer screening and knowledge of cervical cancer were tested using a chi-square test, an independent t-test, and an ANOVA test. Multivariate logistic regression was also used to determine predictors of cervical cancer screening. The study included 2,337 participants. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening among Saudi females was observed to be 22.1%. The most commonly reported reason for not undergoing cervical cancer screening was that it was never recommended by a physician, as reported by 42.4%. Only 7.6% reported taking the HPV vaccine. The majority of the participants (84.1%) had a low knowledge level about cervical cancer. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the following factors were observed to be significantly predictive of undergoing cervical cancer screening: being 46-59 years of age (74% increase rate), having an income greater than 20,000 Saudi Riyals (SRs) (158% increase rate), having a history of gynecological problems (152% increase rate), knowing someone who underwent cervical cancer screening (393% increase rate), and receiving a recommendation from a healthcare practitioner to undergo cervical cancer screening (1300% increase rate). There are clearly low rates of cervical cancer screening and even lower rates of uptake for the HPV vaccine, which are the prevention measures for cervical cancer. National initiatives and programs that promote HPV vaccine uptake and regular cervical cancer screening are highly recommended to minimize the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer.

Development of a Needs Assessment for Low-income Seniors in Cleveland Ohio: A student-driven Interprofessional Approach.

Older persons with low socioeconomic status in the United States have different and unique health needs compared to younger persons. As part of a student-led, interprofessional partnership, we performed a needs assessment of community dwelling older persons with low socioeconomic status in an urban location within Ohio, USA. Three entities participated in the needs assessment: a student-run health clinic, a Federally Qualified Health Center, and an apartment complex of the study population. Health professional students from medical, dental, nursing, social work, nutrition, and physician assistant programs led the needs assessment process. The process consisted of multiple phases, which included preliminary literature review, survey development, data collection, and analysis. The final survey was multidisciplinary, with six content areas covered in 37 items. One hundred nineteen survey responses were received, and multiple areas of need were identified including food insecurity, dental care access, and mental health. 93% of participants had at least one unmet health need and 39% of respondents met our classification for high need. The needs of the local study population had key differences from previously published data in more generalized populations of older community-dwelling individuals in the United States, notably lower utilization of dental care (43% vs. 66%), increased prevalence of possible food insecurity (30% vs. 17%), and increased use of age-appropriate preventive cancer screening services. Multiple areas of need were successfully identified through a student-led interprofessional needs assessment. Future student teams can address the identified needs, again through interprofessional collaborations. This process may have unique benefits to help build robust community-academic partnerships, while fostering interprofessional collaborative opportunities among healthcare students.