Risk Factor For Cancer Research Articles

Global, regional, and national analyses of the burden of colorectal cancer attributable to diet low in milk from 1990 to 2019: longitudinal observational study.

Globally, diet low in milk is the third greatest risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there has been a lack of detailed worldwide analysis of the burden and trends of CRC attributable to diet low in milk. We aim to assess the spatiotemporal trends of CRC-related mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to diet low in milk at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019. Data of mortality, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) of CRC attributable to diet low in milk were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The burden of CRC attributable to diet low in milk was estimated using the ASMR and ASDR, while accounting for sex, age, country, and socio-demographic index (SDI). From 1990 to 2019, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to clarify the temporal trends in the ASMR and ASDR attributable to diet low in milk. In 2019, there were 166,456 (95% UI = 107,221-226,027) deaths and 3,799,297 (95% UI = 2,457,768-5,124,453) DALYs attributable to diet low in milk, accounting for 15.3 and 15.6% of CRC-related deaths and DALYs in 2019. CRC-related deaths and DALYs attributed to diet low in milk increased by 130.5 and 115.4%, from 1990 to 2019. The burden of CRC attributable to diet low in milk varied notably among regions and nations. High-middle SDI regions had the highest ASDR and ASMR of CRC linked to diet low in milk, while there was a slight downward trend high SDI regions. Among geographical regions, East Asia had the highest number of CRC-related deaths and DALYs attributable to diet low in milk. Notably, the burden of CRC was highest in males and the elderly. With coefficients of -0.36 and -0.36, the EAPC in ASMR and ASDR was significantly inversely correlated with the Human Development Index in 2019. Globally, the number of CRC deaths attributable to diet low in milk has continued to increase over the last 30 years. Therefore, government and authorities should conduct education campaigns to encourage individuals to increase daily milk intake.

Chemotoxicity and Associated Risk Factors in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients experience multiple types of chemotoxicity affecting treatment compliance, survival, and quality of life (QOL). Prior research shows clinician-reported chemotoxicity (i.e., grading scales or diagnostic codes) predicts rehospitalization and cancer survival. However, a comprehensive synthesis of clinician-reported chemotoxicity is still lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine chemotoxicity's prevalence and risk factors in CRC. A systematic search from 2009 to 2024 yielded 30 studies for review, with 25 included in the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalences of overall, non-hematological, and hematological moderate-to-severe toxicities were 45.7%, 39.2%, and 25.3%, respectively. The most common clinician-reported chemotoxicities were gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity (22.9%) and neuropathy or neutropenia (17.9%). Significant risk factors at baseline were malnutritional status, frailty, impaired immune or hepato-renal functions, short telomere lengths, low gut lactobacillus levels, age, female sex, aggressive chemotherapy, and low QOL. Age was associated with neutropenia (β: -1.44) and GI toxicity (β:1.85) (p-values < 0.01). Older adults (>65 y.o.) had higher prevalences of overall (OR: 1.14) and GI (OR: 1.65) toxicities, but a lower prevalence of neutropenia (OR: 0.65) than younger adults (p-values < 0.05). Our findings highlight the importance of closely monitoring and managing chemotoxicity in CRC patients receiving chemotherapy.

Global burden and attributable risk factors of breast cancer in young women: historical trends from 1990 to 2019 and forecasts to 2030 by sociodemographic index regions and countries.

Breast cancer in young women (BCY) is much less common but has significant health sequelae and societal costs. We aimed to evaluate the global and regional burden of breast cancer in women aged 15-39 years from 1990 to 2019. We collected detailed data on breast cancer from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Data Resources. The age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR), age-standardised disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were used to assess the disease burden of BCY. The Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model was used to forecast disease burden from 2020 to 2030. From 1990 to 2019, significant increases in ASIR were found for BCY (EAPC = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5 to 0.68), whereas decreases in ASMR (EAPC = -0.41, 95% CI = -0.53 to -0.3) and ASDR (EAPC = -0.35, 95% CI = -0.46 to -0.24). Across countries with varying sociodemographic indexes (SDI), all regions showed an upward trend in BCY morbidity, except for countries with a high SDI. While mortality and DALYs rates have decreased in countries with high, high-middle, and middle SDI, they have increased in countries with low-middle and low SDI. Countries with lower SDIs are projected to bear the greatest burden of BCY over the next decade, including both low and low-middle categories. Alcohol use was the main risk factor attributed to BCY deaths in most countries, while exposure to second hand smoke was the predominant risk factor for BCY deaths in middle and low-middle SDI countries. The burden of breast cancer in young women is on the rise worldwide, and there are significant regional differences. Countries with a low-middle or low SDI face even more challenges, as they experienced a more significant and increasing BCY burden than countries with higher SDIs.

The mutual interplay between NTRK fusion genes and human papillomavirus infection in cervical cancer progression (Review).

Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, with a substantial portion of cases attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Recent advancements in molecular profiling have identified distinct subtypes of cervical cancer based on their genomic alterations. One such subgroup is neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive cervical cancers, characterized by gene fusions involving the NTRK genes. Although both NTRK fusion genes and HPV infections are independently recognized as significant risk factors in cervical cancer, their interplay and mutual effects on cancer progression are not yet fully understood. The present review is the first of its kind to explore the potential interplay between NTRK fusion genes and HPV infections. It surveys in detail how their combined effect can influence the signaling pathways during cervical cancer development and progression. Moreover, the present study discussed the clinical features, histopathological examinations, treatment procedures and follow-up outcomes of NTRK-fusion gene-positive cervical cancer. The present review may help in the understanding of the management and treatment of such rare, lethal and resistant cervical cancers.

Lung cancer risk associated with occupations in women: a pooling study.

Occupation is an important risk factor for lung cancer. This knowledge is mainly based on studies conducted on men, with the results being generalized to women. We aimed to identify the relationship between different occupations and lung cancer in women. Pooling study in which data were pooled from six case-control studies conducted at 13 Spanish hospitals and 1 hospital in Portugal. Each woman's longest held job was coded as per the ISCO-08. Results were adjusted for age, smoking, and exposure to residential radon. The study population comprised 1262 women: 618 cases and 644 controls. The reference group were white-collar workers. The adjusted multivariate analysis showed a higher risk of developing lung cancer among teaching professionals (odds ratio [OR]: 4.36; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73-11.02), cooks (OR: 3.59; 95% CI 1.52-8.48), domestic cleaners and helpers (OR: 2.98; 95% CI 1.54-5.78), homemakers (OR: 2.30; 95% CI 1.26-4.21) and crop farmers, livestock farmers and gardeners (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.11-3.81). For adenocarcinoma, the highest risk was observed in teaching professionals, and for small-cell carcinoma, the highest risk was observed in cooks. Higher risks were observed for small-cell carcinoma compared to other histological types. Some occupations may be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in women and this risk could vary by histologic subtype; however, further research is needed to confirm these associations. In any case, protection measures must be implemented in the workplace aimed at reducing the risk of lung cancer among women workers, and more studies exclusively focused on women are warranted.

Chemical burn wounds as a risk factor for gastric cancer: in-silico analyses-experimental research.

The present study employs bioinformatics tools to identify shared upregulated genes between chemical burns and gastric cancer. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) retrieved gene sets for this investigation. GSEs with P value less than 0.05 and LOG fold change (FC) greater than 1 were valid and upregulated. Gastric cancer and chemical burn common elevated genes were found using Venn diagram online tools. In the second stage, the "string" visualized gastric cancer elevated genes network, and non-coding RNAs were deleted, and "interaction" greater than 1 was examined to choose important gene nodes. Next, they explored the String gene-interaction network for common genes. To determine the most interacting genes, Gephi (V 0.9.7) used "betweenness centrality" greater than "0" to evaluate the twenty-gene network. TISIDB and drug banks provide gene-related medications. In the present study, two genes, including ALOX5AP and SERPINB2, were obtained, with the highest centrality among chemical burns and gastric cancer shared genes. Additionally, the current study presented five drugs, including Urokinase, Tenecteplase, DG031, AM103, and Fiboflapon, which can have predicted effects on gastric cancer following chemical burns. According to current in-silicon analyses, ALOX5AP and SERPINB2 are linked genetic keys between gastric chemical burn and cancer. Considering that burn is an environmental factor that leads to the upregulation of the two genes thus, the chemical burn can be related to the incidence of gastric cancer.

Housing and respiratory health among Indigenous peoples in Canada

Indigenous (First Nations, Metis and Inuit) peoples bear a disproportionate burden of infectious and noninfectious respiratory disease in rural and urban communities in Canada. Biologic and behavioral determinants exist and have relevance, but the primary determinants are socioeconomic, environmental and political. Although Canada has recently declared a national housing crisis, crowded and poor-quality housing, or no housing at all, has been experienced by generations of Indigenous peoples. Crowding in homes or shelters increases risk of exposure and dose to infectious agents. Indoor air pollutants are due to housing defects, sources of heat and smoke, and include mold, endotoxin, mite allergens, gases and particulate matter, which in turn are associated with respiratory irritation and disease. Environmental radon is a noted risk factor for lung cancer in communities located in high risk regions. Studies have demonstrated that interventions in Indigenous communities on both the social and biomedical fronts, to improve housing and health care, result in improved well-being, of which respiratory health is only one component.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors Associated with Risk of Breast Cancer in Asian Women.

Assessing breast cancer risks from lifestyle and reproductive factors is critical for developing population-specific risk prediction tools. However, limited studies have evaluated these risks in recent Asian birth cohorts. We systematically reviewed articles published from January 2010 to December 2023, examining breast cancer risk factors in Asian women. Data were described narratively, estimates pooled, and prevalence and attributable proportions compared across Asian populations. Of the 128 studies reviewed, 103 reported adjusted effect sizes for meta-analysis. Lifestyle and reproductive factors were predictive of breast cancer risk in Asian women, with varying impacts on premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Relative risks were similar within Asian populations and in comparison to European populations, except for menarche, menopause, and hormone receptor therapy. However, risk factor distributions differed across populations. While alcohol intake (21%) and oral contraceptive use (20%) emerged as the most attributable modifiable risk factors in Europeans, passive smoking (24%) and higher BMI (17%, ≥24 kg/m2 among postmenopausal women) were predominant in Asians. Our study shows that while the effects of lifestyle and reproductive breast cancer risk factors are largely similar across different populations, their distributions vary. Our analysis underscores the importance of considering population-specific risk factor distributions when developing risk prediction tools for Asian populations.

Risk factors for breast cancer subtypes by race and ethnicity: A scoping review.

Breast cancer is comprised of distinct molecular subtypes. Studies have reported differences in risk factor associations with breast cancer subtypes, especially by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status, but their consistency across racial and ethnic populations has not been comprehensively evaluated. We conducted a qualitative, scoping literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis, extension for Scoping Reviews to investigate consistencies in associations between 18 breast cancer risk factors (reproductive, anthropometric, lifestyle, and medical history) and risk of ER-defined subtypes in women who self-identify as Asian, Black or African American, Hispanic or Latina, or White. We reviewed publications between January 1, 1990 and July 1, 2022. Etiologic heterogeneity evidence (convincing, suggestive, none, or inconclusive) was determined by expert consensus. Publications per risk factor ranged from 14 (benign breast disease history) to 66 (parity). Publications were most abundant for White women, followed by Asian, Black or African American, and Hispanic or Latina women. Etiologic heterogeneity evidence was strongest for parity, followed by age at first birth, post-menopausal BMI, oral contraceptive use, and estrogen-only and combined menopausal hormone therapy. Evidence was limited for other risk factors. Findings were consistent across racial and ethnic groups, although the strength of evidence varied. The literature supports etiologic heterogeneity by ER for some established risk factors that are consistent across race and ethnicity groups. However, in non-White populations evidence is limited. Larger, more comparable data in diverse populations is needed to better characterize breast cancer etiologic heterogeneity.

Attributable liver cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years in China and worldwide: profiles and changing trends.

Liver cancer is a major health concern globally and in China. This analysis investigated deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with respect to etiologies and risk factors for liver cancer in China and worldwide. Global and China-specific data were collected on liver cancer deaths, DALYs, and age-standardized rates (ASRs) from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. Liver cancer etiologies were classified into five groups and risk factors were categorized into three levels. Each proportion of liver cancer burden was calculated in different geographic regions. The joinpoint regression model were used to assess the trends from 1990-2019. Liver cancer accounted for 484,577 deaths worldwide in 2019 with an ASR of 5.9 per 100,000 population. China had an elevated liver cancer death ASR in 2019 and males had an ASR 1.7 times the global rate. The global ASR for DALYs peaked at 75-79 years of age but peaked earlier in China. Hepatitis B virus was the prominent etiology globally (39.5%) and in China (62.5%), followed by hepatitis C virus and alcohol consumption. In high sociodemographic index countries, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has gained an increasing contribution as an etiologic factor. The liver cancer burden due to various etiologies has decreased globally in both genders. However, metabolic risk factors, particularly obesity, have had a growing contribution to the liver cancer burden, especially among males. Despite an overall decreasing trend in the liver cancer burden in China and worldwide, there has been a rising contribution from metabolic risk factors, highlighting the importance of implementing targeted prevention and control strategies that address regional and gender disparities.

Relationship of pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer: from population-based observations to preclinical and mechanistic insights

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies, accounting for 95% of pancreatic cancer cases, with a 5-year survival rate of around 10%. The relationship between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer has been noted within the medical community. Recent epidemiological data and findings from experimental mouse models have underscored pancreatitis as a critical risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying the transition from pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer is crucial for improving early detection and treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed database and discussed relevant original studies, focusing on three key areas: findings from population- and animal-based studies, the role of pancreatic epithelial cell-intrinsic factors, and the impact of immune cells and cytokines. Additionally, we offered our prospectives on possible future research directions.

Smoking as a risk factor for Oral Cancer and 30 years of prevention campaigns in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Smoking as a risk factor for Oral Cancer and 30 years of prevention campaigns in the state of Paraná, Brazil

Awareness about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Undergraduate Female Students at the University of Agadir, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

Breast cancer is a pressing public health issue globally and in Morocco, with rising cases among women. This study aims to evaluate breast cancer awareness and self-examination practices among female university students, informing future educational interventions. A cross-sectional study surveyed 437 students at Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, using a questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge of breast cancer, risk factors, symptoms, and breast self-examination (BSE). Results showed high awareness of breast cancer (95.3%), with social networks and media being primary information sources. However, only 48.25% had intermediate knowledge levels, and BSE awareness was moderate (60.8%) with low practical skills (28.0%). Reasons for not performing BSE included lack of knowledge and discomfort. Significant associations were found between knowledge levels and age, year of study, study options, and information sources. Despite high awareness, there is a crucial need to enhance knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, and BSE practices among young women in Morocco. Educational programs targeting university students are essential for promoting early detection and improving attitudes toward breast health.

Associations between quantitative measures of mammographic density and terminal ductal lobular unit involution in Chinese breast cancer patients

BackgroundHigher mammographic density (MD), a radiological measure of the proportion of fibroglandular tissue in the breast, and lower terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) involution, a histological measure of the amount of epithelial tissue in the breast, are independent breast cancer risk factors. Previous studies among predominantly white women have associated reduced TDLU involution with higher MD.MethodsIn this cohort of 611 invasive breast cancer patients (ages 23–91 years [58.4% ≥ 50 years]) from China, where breast cancer incidence rates are lower and the prevalence of dense breasts is higher compared with Western countries, we examined the associations between TDLU involution assessed in tumor-adjacent normal breast tissue and quantitative MD assessed in the contralateral breast obtained from the VolparaDensity software. Associations were estimated using generalized linear models with MD measures as the outcome variables (log-transformed), TDLU measures as explanatory variables (categorized into quartiles or tertiles), and adjusted for age, body mass index, parity, age at menarche and breast cancer subtype.ResultsWe found that, among all women, percent dense volume (PDV) was positively associated with TDLU count (highest tertile vs. zero: Expbeta = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.51, ptrend = < .0001), TDLU span (highest vs. lowest tertile: Expbeta = 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–1.37, ptrend = < .0001) and acini count/TDLU (highest vs. lowest tertile: Expbeta = 1.22, 95% CI 1.09–1.37, ptrend = 0.0005), while non-dense volume (NDV) was inversely associated with these measures. Similar trend was observed for absolute dense volume (ADV) after the adjustment of total breast volume, although the associations for ADV were in general weaker than those for PDV. The MD-TDLU associations were generally more pronounced among breast cancer patients ≥ 50 years and those with luminal A tumors compared with patients < 50 years and with luminal B tumors.ConclusionsOur findings based on quantitative MD and TDLU involution measures among Chinese breast cancer patients are largely consistent with those reported in Western populations and may provide additional insights into the complexity of the relationship, which varies by age, and possibly breast cancer subtype.

Analyzing 10-year time trends for Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy: Focus on Endometrial sampling and risk factors for Endometrial Cancer

Analyzing 10-year time trends for Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy: Focus on Endometrial sampling and risk factors for Endometrial Cancer

A Study to assess Knowledge regarding breast cancer among female student at university of Mosul

Breast Cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developed as well as developing Nations and it play a very important role in the global disease burden. The purpose of this study was to determine what female college students at Mosul knew about breast cancer and identify some of the factors and causes it. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are to assess the knowledge regarding breast cancer among female students at the university of Mosul.Materials and methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study were 230 college students from the University of Mosul. The time period from which the research started is from (1 October to 1 January)2023. Results: The results revealed the highest percentage of study sample was in the age (22 – 25) yrs 47.09%, And 227(87.3%) urban residency, single (83.5). The Maine sources of information was in internet (30%). vast majority of signs and symptoms in the study sample had secretion from the nipple (100%). (64.3) The vast majority about risk factor for breast cancer had aging. It was reported study sample that 88.7% about factor reducing infection. most study sample were good knowledgeable about breast self- examination (93.0%) to facilitate early diagnosis, and practice the self-examination (58.3%). Conclusion: This study find that the study sample had adequate information on several aspects of breast cancer except low Knowledge about risk Factors.

Clinical characteristics and factors associated with survival rate of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer attending at a Tertiary Hospital in Somalia

BackgroundA few studies regarding the epidemiology and risk factors of Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) are reported from Sub-Saharan African countries (SSA), including Somalia, and the African literature is scant on the management of NMIBC. The present study aims to evaluate the clinical-histopathological characteristics and factors associated with the survival rate of patients with NMIBC.MethodThis six-year cohort study included 196 patients with NMIBC. It reviewed the clinical and histopathological characteristics and factors predicting cancer-specific survival for these patients.ResultsThe mean patient age was 59.01 ± 11.50 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) constituted the most common pathological type, accounting for 90.8%; Ta LG and T1HG were the most common histopathological tumour stage and grade (n = 90, 45.9%, vs. n = 56, 28.6%), respectively. The mean tumour size was 4.72 ± 2.81 cm. The cancer-specific mortality(CSM) was 13.3%. Age [2.252(2.310–2.943], p < 0.001], Gender [1.031(0.981-1.1.242),p < 0.001], tumour stage and grade [4.902(3.607–5.614),p < 0.001], tumour location [1.135(0.806–1.172),p < 0.001], number [0.510(0.410–0.920),p = 0.03], tumour size [1.523(0.936–1.541),p < 0.001], use of intravesical chemotherapy or BCG [2.810(1.972–4.381),p < 0.001], preoperative hydronephrosis grade [1.517(1.172–2.154),p < 0.001], and follow-up compliance [3.376(2.633–5.018),p < 0.001] were all associated with CSM. The 5-year overall survival was 57.1%, and cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of mortality (n = 34), followed by diabetes (n = 28).ConclusionOur study findings revealed that UC constituted the most common pathological subtype, though less than forty per cent of our patients receive intravesical adjuvant therapies, which are crucial to minimizing disease morbidity and mortality. Initiatives improving uro-oncological care, including subspecialty training in oncology and essential cancer therapies, better access to urology services, and cancer screening programs, are much needed for optimal management plans and care in the country.

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking and Risk of Cancer Mortality

There has been an increasing trend of using noncigarette products, including waterpipe tobacco (WTP), worldwide. While cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for numerous cancers, little is known about the association between WTP smoking and cancer mortality. To assess the association between WTP smoking and risk of cancer mortality in Vietnam. This cohort study was based on data from the Hanoi Prospective Cohort Study, an ongoing study with a median (range) follow-up of 11.0 (0.1-11.6) years for participants aged 15 years or older in Northern Vietnam from 2007 through 2019. Data were analyzed from June 1 to September 1, 2023. Tobacco smoking and WTP smoking statuses. Overall and site-specific cancer mortality. Cox proportional regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CIs for the associations between WTP smoking alone, cigarette smoking alone, and dual WTP and cigarette smoking and the risk of cancer death. A total of 554 cancer deaths were identified among the 39 401 study participants (mean [SD] age, 40.4 [18.8] years; 20 616 females [52.3%]). In multivariable models, compared with never smokers, ever smokers had a significantly increased risk of cancer mortality (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.48-2.35). Exclusive WTP smokers had the highest risk of cancer mortality compared with never smokers (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.07-3.43). Risk of cancer mortality was higher for dual smokers of WTP and cigarettes (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.53-2.76) than for exclusive cigarette smokers (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.41-2.45). As most smokers (95.6% [8897 of 9312]) were male, these patterns were more apparent in male participants. Compared with never smokers, exclusive WTP smoking among males was associated with an elevated risk of death from liver cancer (HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 2.25-6.85), lung cancer (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.08-5.88), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.27-6.12), and stomach cancer (HR, 4.11; 95% CI, 2.04-8.27). For exclusive WTP smokers, the risk of cancer mortality was highest among those who smoked 11 to 15 sessions per day (HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 2.03-5.75), started smoking at age 26 to 30 years (HR, 4.01; 95% CI, 2.63-6.11), smoked for 9 to 20 years (HR, 4.04; 95% CI, 2.16-7.56), and smoked 61 to 160 sessions annually (HR, 3.68; 95% CI, 2.38-5.71). For males, the risk of cancer death was lower for those who had quit smoking for more than 10 years, compared with those who quit smoking within 1 year (HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11-0.66; P for trend < .001). In this cohort study in Vietnam, WTP smoking alone or in combination with cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of cancer death due to liver cancer, lung cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and stomach cancer. A tailored program to control WTP smoking is warranted in Vietnam and low- and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of smoking and modest resources to address smoking-related issues.

Awareness about colorectal cancer among young adults in Poland

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness level concerning colorectal cancer epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, and prevention among young people in Poland. Methods: The knowledge was examined with an anonymous survey between February and March 2021. The data were collected anonymously, and the participation was voluntary. Statistical analysis was performed, and differences were considered significant if the p-value obtained was smaller than the assumed level of significance p ≤0.05. Results: Respondents were mostly female, living in a city with a population of over 500,000. The results confirmed that education, family/friends’ history of CRC, and a place of residence differentiate knowledge and awareness about CRC. Conclusion: The study acquired information that might guide educators about knowledge deficits among young people in Poland. The survey results revealed a significant knowledge gap between rural and urban inhabitants as well as between medical and non-medical groups.

Incense-burning smoke ingredient Auramine enhances lincRNA-p21 expression for chemosensitization in p53-mutated non-small cell lung cancer

Incense-burning smoke is a deleterious air pollutant that initiates cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis in lung epithelial cells and also acts as a risk factor for lung cancers. Auramine, an ingredient of incense smoke, has been implicated in tumor progression and cellular sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) towards anti-cancer agents through unclear mechanisms. Tumor protein p53 (TP53)-activated long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) undertakes a pivotal role in regulating cell apoptosis and chemosensitivity. TP53 mutations prevalent in 50% of NSCLC, contribute to diminished therapeutic efficacy. However, the influence of auramine on chemotherapy-induced lincRNA-p21 expression and apoptosis in NSCLC with different TP53 genetic statuses remains unexplored. This study disclosed that both wild-type p53 (wtp53) and mutant p53 (mutp53) mediate lincRNA-p21 expression, albeit through distinct promoter enhancers, p53-response element (p53RE) and non-B DNA structure G-quadruplex (GQ), respectively. Intriguingly, auramine functions as an effective stabilizer of the GQ structure, augmenting mutp53-mediated lincRNA-p21 expression and enhancing apoptosis and cellular sensitivity to chemotherapy in mutp53-expressing NSCLC cells. These findings suggest a mechanism by which mutp53, in the presence of auramine, is endowed with tumor-suppressing function akin to wtp53, thereby aiding in combating chemoresistance in NSCLC cells harboring TP53 mutations.