Young Age Cancer Research Articles

A Wake-Up Call: The Emerging Crisis of Colon Cancer in Young Age in Pakistan.

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S2599 Advanced Colon Cancer in Young Age With Atypical Presentation

S2599 Advanced Colon Cancer in Young Age With Atypical Presentation

Study on the clinical characteristics of young age pancreatic cancer using KOTUS registry

As the number of young patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer increases, it is necessary to study the clinical characteristics of young pancreatic cancer patients. To date, there have been few studies of pancreatic cancer occurring at a young age. We evaluated clinical characteristics and survival rate of pancreatic cancer in young age using the KOTUS registry. A retrospective analysis of patients of pancreatic cancer from the KOTUS registry enrolled from 1991 to 2020. We compared demographics and clinical outcomes in patients who were younger than 45 (young age group) and older than 65 years (old age group). We estimated survival curve using the Kaplan-Meier method and hazard ratio by cox proportional hazard model. The total data was 5,617 patients, and 2,312 patients were analyzed, excluding patients with insufficient records. The old age group was 2,193 patients, and young age group was 193 patients. There were no statistically significant differences in overall survival and recurrence free survival between two groups in the total data. In the analysis of according to the stage, in Stage II-III, the rate of receiving adjuvant treatment was high in the young age group. As a result of analyzing only patients after 2016, by considering the period effect, the result of 5-year overall survival was statistically significant lower in the young age group (HR = 1.9, p = 0.04). Young age pancreatic cancer patients have the high rate of receiving adjuvant treatment, survival benefit can be obtained. Active treatment should be recommended for young patients.

Prenatal Origin of Pediatric Leukemia: Lessons From Hematopoietic Development.

Several lines of evidence suggest that childhood leukemia, the most common cancer in young age, originates during in utero development. However, our knowledge of the cellular origin of this large and heterogeneous group of malignancies is still incomplete. The identification and characterization of their cell of origin is of crucial importance in order to define the processes that initiate and sustain disease progression, to refine faithful animal models and to identify novel therapeutic approaches. During embryogenesis, hematopoiesis takes place at different anatomical sites in sequential waves, and occurs in both a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-dependent and a HSC-independent fashion. Despite the recently described relevance and complexity of HSC-independent hematopoiesis, few studies have so far investigated its potential involvement in leukemogenesis. Here, we review the current knowledge on prenatal origin of leukemias in the context of recent insights in developmental hematopoiesis.

Colorectal Cancer in Young Age Group: Where Do We Stand?

Colorectal cancers in young are in increasing trend. Young patients tend to ignore symptoms and present at advanced stage due to aggressive tumour biology, and also due to traditional dictum of routine screening after >50 years these groups of patients are given less priority. The objective of our study was to estimate the burden of problem among young population and increase awareness among medical personnel and general population of early detection for disease. We conducted retrospective cross sectional study using whole sampling method among patients operated by single gastrointestinal surgery unit. Demographic details, malignancy information, surgical procedure and histopathological examination were studied. All cases admitted as colorectal cancer from 2013 to 2017 at gastrointestinal surgery unit of Shree Birendra Hospital were included. The collected data were entered in SPSS version 16 and analyzed. Likelihood of occurrence of adenocarcinoma was studied using logistic regression model. Among total 104 cases operated, only 99 cases were having complete data with median age: 55 years. Thirty seven percent of the individuals having colorectal malignancies were younger than 50 years. Rectum was the commonest site (52, 52.5%) for occurrence of colorectal malignancy. Males were 1.493 (0.402-5.545) times more likely to have colorectal adenocarcinoma than females. Young age (<50 years) was associated with an increased likelihood of colorectal adenocarcinoma {OR=1.771(0.443-7.233)} than older people. Colorectal cancer in young age is in increasing trends. Increasing awareness among medical personnel and general population is must for early detection.

Impact of age at diagnosis on clinicopathological outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Objective:A recent trend in diagnosis of oral cancer in young age is observed, however its impact on various clinicopathological parameters needs to be explored. The aim of the current study was to compare and analyze impact of age at diagnosis with clinicopathological parameters of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.Methods:In this cross sectional study conducted at Department of Oncology Ziauddin Hospital Karachi, we included histologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The patients were categorized as young age group (40yrs and younger) and old age group (41 yrs and above). A total of 115 patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2016 were enrolled in the study. The variables considered were age at diagnosis, sex, site of lesion, positive family history, tumor grade, stage, uric acid level and survival.Results:A statistically significant difference was observed between two age groups in overall survival, uric acid level and positive family history of cancer. No significant difference was observed in tumor location, grade and stage.Conclusion:Majority of oral cancer patients present at an advanced stage irrespective of age at diagnosis but young age has an overall improved survival. Moreover, a positive family history of cancer in young age group mandates further exploration of possible role of genetic polymorphisms which might be responsible for early onset of the disease.

P3.07-017 Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Lung Cancer Mortality, Turkey: Topic: Other – Geographical Differences

It is important to investigate the variation of the deaths due to lung cancer in time. The aim of this study is to investigate the variations in the rate of deaths due to lung cancer in Turkey. Data on lung cancer mortality during 2009-2014 years were extracted from the Turkish Statistical Instıtute and Turkey Public Health Agency mortality data based on Internal Classification of Diseases 10(ICD-10)codes C32-C34. For each gender, age group-specific and standardized rates were calculated by direct standardized method (using the world standard population). These were expressed as rates/100,000 persons. The temporal trend in lung cancer mortality rates were tested for age, gender and methods using Join point Regression Analysis. In join point regression analysis, the best-fitting points where the rate changes significantly (increase or decrease) are chosen. Each join point indicates a statistically significant change in trend, and annual percentage change (APC) is computed for each of trend by means of generalized liner models assuming a Possion distribution. 119.778 deaths due to lung cancer were recorded; 85.50% (n=102409) of the were in men,14.50% (n=17369)were in women. The mean of crude rate of lung cancer mortality is from 2009 (23.77 deaths/100.000) to 2014 (26.78 deaths/100.000) 26.19 in 100.000, in men 44.00 in women 7.74. The mean of lung cancer age-specific standardized rates from 2009 (49.47 deaths/100.000) to 2014 (54.57 deaths/100.000) is 52.50 in 100.000, in men 45.83 and in women 6.62. Lung cancer mortality rates shows a significant increase between 2009-2014. The rates of lung cancer mortality, between 2009 and 2014 with 4.2% (%95 Confidence Interval: 3.2 to 5.3) showed an important increase annually (p<0.001). During working period, throughout men the variation 4.1% (2.8 to 5.5) in the lung cancer mortality rates were significant (p<0.001). Similar situation was in women with 5.0% (3.7 to 6.4) (p<0.001). The deaths due to lung cancer in young age (under 44 years) in women (5.27%) is more than men (2.59%)(p<0.001). The decrease of -5.4% (-1.5 to 5.3) in deaths due to lung cancer seen in young men (under 45 years) within years was not significant (p=0.20). Similarly in women with same age the variation 3.1% (-2.7 to 9.3 was not significant (p=0.30). The variation in men between the ages45-64 deaths due to lung cancer within years 1.5% (-0.3 to 3.4) was not significant (p=0.10). Unlike in women in this age group with 3.8% increase (2.2-5.5) showed significance (p<0.001). The increase in deaths due to lung cancer seen in men in 65 years of age and over 4.4% (3.6-5.2)was significant (p<0.001). With the same result in women 2.6%increase (1.1-4.1) was seen (p<0.001). Even though deaths due to lung cancer show non-significant decrease in male, shows significantly increase above 65 years of age. Increase in lung cancer in young women is remarkable.

Hormonal contraceptive use as risk factor for breast cancer in young Javanese women

Previous study from 351 Indonesian women shown that they had breast cancers at younger age compared with western. In this study we investigate role of hormonal contraceptive as risk factor for Indonesian Javanese young breast cancer cases. However, the presence different life style between ethnic alter their risk as causal factors across populations. Diagnostic and prognostic study findings, including breast cancer prediction rules, must therefore be validated in Asian women. We undertook case-control study to determine population-based distributions of breast cancer among young Javanese people, one of the largest populations in Indonesia (Southeast Asia). A total of 500 women diagnosed with breast cancer participated in this study, divided in to two group young (less 40 years old) and mature breast cancer. Data for hormonal contraceptive, clinico-pathological characteristics and other risk factors were collected. We found that young Javanese women who use hormonal contraceptive for more than 10 years had a 4,67 fold increased risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer in young age (p<0,01). We didn’t found any differences between this two groups in menarche and parity. Interestingly for Javanese women who breast feeding more than 18 months increase 1,74 fold increased risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer in young age (p<0,01).

Clinicopathological features of young age breast cancer patients in Bali

Abstract Breast cancer is, in general, a heterogeneous disease with diverse biological characteristics, histopathological types, subtypes and clinical behavior. Breast cancer in young age, although rare, is usually a unique and more aggressive cancer associated with poorer prognosis. The combination of young age and advanced stages of breast cancer would make this particular breast cancer more difficult to manage. Therefore, individually tailored therapies have been the subject of many studies for these patients. The purpose of this study was to determine clinicopathological features of young age breast cancer patients in Bali from 2014-2016. This was a descriptive study of young age (≤40 years) breast cancer patients in Bali from January 2014 until June 2016. The samples were taken from the Perhimpunan Ahli Bedah Onkologi Indonesia Cancer registry in Sanglah General Hospital Bali. There were 90 samples gathered from the cancer registry and 56 samples (62,2%) had complete clinicopathological records. Clinicopathological features included in this study were age group, histopathological type, primary tumor size, regional lymph node involvement, presence of distant metastasis, stage regrouping, tumor grade, hormonal receptor status, Her2 overexpression status, and breast cancer subtype. There were 56 young age breast cancer patients, with a mean age of 33,86±4,193 years old, the youngest patient was 22 years old, and the majority of the samples were in the 31-35 years age group (26 samples, 46,4%). Only 2 samples (3,6%) had special type carcinoma, both of them were invasive lobular carcinoma, the rest of the samples were invasive carcinoma of no special type. The 2 samples with invasive lobular carcinoma were in 31-35 years age group, had stage II (T2N0M0) and III (T4N1M0) breast cancer, both with grade II tumor and Luminal A subtype. The majority of primary tumor size was T4 (30 samples, 53,6%), nodal status was N1 (29 samples, 51,8%), and only 10 samples (17,9%) had distant metastasis. The majority of the stage regrouping was in stage III (35 samples, 62,5%) and had grade III tumor (33 samples, 58,9%). There were 10 samples (17,9%) with Luminal A subtype, 19 samples (33,9%) with Luminal B subtype, 16 samples (28,6%) with Her2 type subtype, and 11 samples (19,6%) with triple negative breast cancer subtype. We concluded that the majority of young age breast cancer patients in Bali were invasive carcinoma of no special type in advanced stage, with high grade tumor, and within Luminal B subtype.

Suicide and violent deaths in survivors of cancer in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood-A national cohort study

Suicide risk in adult cancer patients is found to be elevated, but limited information exists regarding risks of suicide and non-suicidal violent deaths when diagnosed with cancer in young age. We investigate suicide and violent deaths in a national cohort including individuals diagnosed with cancer before age 25. Through the linkage of different national registries (Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Causes of Death Registry and the National Registry) a cohort of all live births in Norway during 1965-1985 was defined and followed up through 2008. Individuals diagnosed with cancer before age 25 and the cancer-free references were compared using an extended Cox proportional hazard regression model. The cohort comprised 1,218,013 individuals, including 5,440 diagnosed with cancer before age 25. We identified 24 suicides and 14 non-suicidal violent deaths in the cancer group. The hazard ratio (HR) of suicide in the cancer group was 2.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-3.8), and was increased both when diagnosed with cancer in childhood (0-14 years of age); HR = 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2-4.6), and during adolescence/young adulthood (15-24 years); HR = 2.6 (95% CI: 1.5-4.2). Survivors of bone/soft tissue sarcomas, CNS tumors and testicular cancer were at particular risk. The risk of non-suicidal violent death was not increased in the cancer survivors (HR = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.6-1.7). Although based on small numbers and the absolute risk of suicide being low, these are novel findings with important implications for establishing adequate follow-up including suicide prevention strategies for young cancer survivors.

Economic independence in survivors of cancer diagnosed at a young age: A Norwegian national cohort study.

BACKGROUNDThe impact of cancer on socioeconomic outcomes is attracting attention as the number of survivors of cancer in young age continues to rise. This study examines economic independence in a national cohort of survivors of cancer at a young age in Norway.METHODSThrough the linkage of several national registries, the study cohort comprised 1,212,013 individuals born in Norway during 1965 through 1985, of which 5440 had received a cancer diagnosis before age 25 years. Follow‐up was through 2007, and the main outcomes were receipt of governmental financial assistance, employment, income, and occupation. Analytic methods included Cox proportional hazard regression, log‐binomial regression, and quantile regression models.RESULTSIndividuals in the cancer survivor group had an increased probability of receiving governmental financial assistance (men: hazard ratio [HR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3‐1.5; women: HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3‐1.6) and of not being employed (men: HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.7; women: HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.6) compared with those in the noncancer group. Income discrepancies were particularly pronounced for survivors of central nervous system tumors. There was no difference in representation in higher skilled occupations.CONCLUSIONSSurvivors of cancer at a young age in Norway had an increased risk of being economically dependent and unemployed. This was evident in several tumor groups and was most pronounced in female survivors. There were only small differences in income or representation in higher skilled occupations for most employed survivors compared with the noncancer group. The current results are important for understanding the impact of a cancer diagnosis at a young age on subsequent job market outcomes. Cancer 2016;122:3873–3882. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.

Reproduction and marriage among male survivors of cancer in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood: a national cohort study.

Background:Increased survival after cancer in young age has made long-term follow-up studies of high external validity important. In this national cohort study, we explored the impact of cancer in young age on reproduction and marital status in male survivors.Methods:Hazard ratios (HRs) and relative risks (RRs) of reproductive and marital outcomes were studied for male survivors of cancer in young age (<25 years) and cancer-free male comparisons, born during 1965–1985, by linking compulsory national registries in Norway.Results:Male cancer survivors (n=2687) had reduced paternity (HR: 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–0.76). This was most apparent in survivors of testicular cancer, brain tumours, lymphoma, leukemia and bone tumours, and when diagnosed with cancer before 15 years of age. Male cancer survivors were more likely to avail of assisted reproduction (RR: 3.32, 95% CI: 2.68–4.11). There was no increased risk of perinatal death, congenital malformations, being small for gestational age, of low birth weight or preterm birth in their first offspring. Male cancer survivors were less likely to marry (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86–1.00), in particular brain tumour survivors.Conclusions:In this national cohort study, we demonstrated reduced paternity and increased use of assisted reproduction among male cancer survivors, but no adverse outcome for their first offspring at birth.

A Case of Colonic Mucinous Adenocarcinoma in 19-year-old Male Patient

Colorectal cancer is rare in teenagers, especially without known risk factors. Colon cancer in young age is more likely to be diagnosed at advanced-stage, to present unfavorable tumor histology such as mucinous carcinoma, and poor outcome. We report a case of sporadic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon in a 19-year-old male patient without any risk factors. He complained of severe left abdominal pain that developed 1 month ago. He had a distended abdomen with severe tenderness on the left lower quadrant. A distal descending colon mass causing mechanical obstruction was observed on abdominal computed tomography. Emergency colonoscopy showed a large, fungating mass obstructing the lumen at 40 cm from the anal verge. Biopsy of the colonic mass suggested a mucinous adenocarcinoma. After decompression by colonic stent, the patient was transferred to the general surgery department for left hemicolectomy. The lesion was confirmed to be a mucinous adenocarcinoma (7.0×4.5 cm). For hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer evaluation, immunohistochemical staining for MLH1 and MSH2 was normal. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis did not detect microinstability in any of the markers tested. The patient had no familial history of cancer. Mucinous adenocarcinoma has high frequencies of poor differentiation, advanced tumor stage, loss of mismatch repair gene expression, and increased MUC2 expression. A mucinous histology is considerably more frequent in children and adolescent than in adults. Adequate invasive study is also necessary for young age patients.

MP-21.06: Prognosis of advanced testicular cancer patients

The age-adjusted estimated incidence rate of testicular cancer is low (under 2/ 100,000) but significant cancer in young age in Japan. The development of effective cisplatin (CDDP)-based combination chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of advanced testicular cancer patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the prognosis of advanced testicular cancer patients treated with several effective CDDP-based chemotherapy regimens.

Clinical observations on gastric cancer in young age

Clinical observations on gastric cancer in young age