Cancer In Terms Research Articles

Erken Evre Glottik Larenks Kanserli Hastalarda Radyoterapi Tekniğinin Karotis Arter Dozu Üzerine Etkisi

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare two radiotherapy techniques in early stage glottic laryngeal cancer patients in terms of radiotherapy dose applied to the carotid artery.Material - Methods: In this study, we included 10 early-stage (T1/2) glottic larynx cancer patients. Both intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3-dimension conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) treatment plans were prepared for each patient. Treatment volumes (CTV, PTV) were created for all patients. The entire larynx was described as CTV to include both false and true vocal cords, anterior-posterior commissures, arytenoids, aryepiglottic folds, subglottic region. For planning target volüme (PTV), while 5-mm was added to CTV in all directions, 3-mm margin was given to protect the carotid artery and spinal cord in posterolaterally. Spinal cord and carotid artery were contoured as the organ at risk (OAR). The doses of the target volumes, the OAR volumes, the homogeneity index (HI) were compared. Results: PTV parameters (Dmin, Dmean, Dmax, D90, D95) was compared in the 2 different technique. IMRT in comparison to 3DCRT significantly reduced the high-dose volumes (V30, V35, V50) of carotid artery (p < 0.001), but not to the low dose volume (V10). CI was similar (0.9 vs. 0.9, p = 0.3) compared to 3DCRT. However, HI was significantly improved with IMRT (0.1 vs. 0.08, p < 0.001). The maximum dose of the spinal cord was lower in 3DCRT compared to IMRT (18 Gy vs. 44Gy). Conclusion: IMRT is a superior radiotherapy (RT) technique in patients with T1/T2 glottic cancer in terms of protecting carotid artery.

Higher T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) expression in cervical cancer is associated with a satisfactory prognosis.

BackgroundCervical cancer (CC), which has been increasing in incidence in recent years, is the fourth most common gynecological cancer in the world. Therapy targeting T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3), known as the immune checkpoint, has been rapidly developing as oncotherapy for various carcinomas. However, few studies focus on Tim-3 in CC in terms of patient prognosis. This study demonstrates that higher Tim-3 mRNA levels in CC are associated with a favorable prognosis, which may due to active immune responses in CC.MethodsFirst, the clinical and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 287 CC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and was subsequently analyzed. Then, based on the Tim-3 mRNA levels, the patients were divided into groups categorized by high and low expression, and the overall survival (OS) among the patients was determined. Next, the correlation between the expression of Tim-3 and clinicopathological variables was investigated. Finally, the Tim-3 function was carried out using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed.ResultsIn CC, the median OS of patients with high Tim-3 expression and low Tim-3 expression were 634 and 491 days (P=0.01), respectively. We found that the high expression of Tim-3 was closely associated with smoking history (P=0.012), total number of pregnancies (P=0.002), histological type (P<0.0001), M stage (P=0.036), TNM stage (P<0.0001), papillomavirus (P=0.001), hysterectomy type (P<0.0001) and survival status (P<0.0001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests suggested that the level of Tim-3 was an independent prognostic factor for CC patients. In addition, GSEA further showed that Tim-3 expression was associated with macrophage differentiation, regulation of monocyte chemotaxis, positive regulation of substrate adhesion dependent cell spreading, negative regulation of interleukin 2 production, regulation of NF kappa-B signaling, STAT cascade, erk1 and erk2 cascade and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway.ConclusionsA higher expression of Tim-3 was associated with a favorable prognosis, which may due to the activation of immune responses in tumor tissues.

Estimation of burden of female breast cancer in India from 2016-2026 using disability adjusted life year

Background: Assessment of burden of breast cancer through DALYs would provide insights for formulating health policies and also for the evaluation of disease control programs. The main objective of the study is to estimate the burden of breast cancer in-terms of YLL, YLD (years of life lived with disability) and DALYs for breast cancer for the year 2016, 2021 and 2026 in India. Methods: The YLL, YLD and DALYs have been estimated by employing global burden of disease methodology using DISMOD. The published data on age, sex and breast cancer incidence and mortality for the years 2006-2008 relating to Population Based Cancer Registries under Indian Council of Medical Research, expectation of life for urban areas of country for 2006-2010, population of the country in 2011 and the projected population of the country during years 2016, 2021 and 2026 were utilized for computations. Results: Total DALYs were found to be 12, 44,773; 14, 10,192; 15, 72,071 in 2016, 2021and 2026 respectively showing an increase of 26.29% from 2016-2026 merely due to the increase in the size of the population and ageing. During the prime years of 30-59 years of age, the DALYs accounted for 76.3%, 75.5%, and 74.1% of total DALYs respectively from 2016-2026. Conclusion: It is estimated that total DALYs due to breast cancer in India would increase over the years. Hence, these computations reveal an urgent need for initiating primary & secondary prevention measures for the control of breast cancer in the country.

CancerGenes: a gene selection resource for cancer genome projects

The genome sequence framework provided by the human genome project allows us to precisely map human genetic variations in order to study their association with disease and their direct effects on gene function. Since the description of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes several decades ago, both germ-line variations and somatic mutations have been established to be important in cancer—in terms of risk, oncogenesis, prognosis and response to therapy. The Cancer Genome Atlas initiative proposed by the NIH is poised to elucidate the contribution of somatic mutations to cancer development and progression through the re-sequencing of a substantial fraction of the total collection of human genes—in hundreds of individual tumors and spanning several tumor types. We have developed the CancerGenes resource to simplify the process of gene selection and prioritization in large collaborative projects. CancerGenes combines gene lists annotated by experts with information from key public databases. Each gene is annotated with gene name(s), functional description, organism, chromosome number, location, Entrez Gene ID, GO terms, InterPro descriptions, gene structure, protein length, transcript count, and experimentally determined transcript control regions, as well as links to Entrez Gene, COSMIC, and iHOP gene pages and the UCSC and Ensembl genome browsers. The user-friendly interface provides for searching, sorting and intersection of gene lists. Users may view tabulated results through a web browser or may dynamically download them as a spreadsheet table. CancerGenes is available at .