Majority Of Cancers Research Articles

Study protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial assessing the feasibility and acceptability of RecoverEsupport: a digital health intervention to enhance recovery in women undergoing surgery for breast cancer

IntroductionInternationally, breast cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer with approximately 2.3 million people diagnosed each year. 40% will require a mastectomy which has an average length of hospital stay...

Current Approaches to Radiation Oncology Target Volume Delineation Using PET/Computed Tomography.

PET is a versatile imaging modality widely used in oncology for diagnosing, staging, predicting outcomes, and surveillance for a variety of cancers. In radiation oncology, combining PET and computed tomography imaging can markedly enhance treatment planning through improved target volume delineation. This review examines data and clinical approaches across 3 major cancer types to evaluate the role of PET in target volume delineation, with data and current approaches for thoracic, genitourinary, and head and neck malignancies detailed. Additionally, it emphasizes various practical applications of PET in radiation therapy planning, several of which have been recently demonstrated in clinical trials.

Little strokes fell big oaks: The use of weak magnetic fields and reactive oxygen species to fight cancer.

The increase in early-stage cancers, particularly gastrointestinal, breast and kidney cancers, has been linked to lifestyle changes such as consumption of processed foods and physical inactivity, which contribute to obesity and diabetes - major cancer risk factors. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation often lead to severe long-term side effects, including secondary cancers and tissue damage, highlighting the need for new, safer and more effective therapies, especially for young patients. Weak electromagnetic fields (WEMF) offer a promising non-invasive approach to cancer treatment. While WEMF have been used therapeutically for musculoskeletal disorders for decades, their role in oncology is still emerging. WEMFs affect multiple cellular processes through mechanisms such as the radical pair mechanism (RPM), which alters reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial function, and glycolysis, among others. This review explores the potential of WEMF in conjunction with reactive oxygen species as a cancer therapy, highlighting WEMFs selective targeting of cancer cells and its non-ionizing nature, which could reduce collateral damage compared to conventional treatments. In addition, synchronization of WEMF with circadian rhythms may further enhance its therapeutic efficacy, as has been demonstrated in other cancer therapies.

Evaluating Tumour Mutational Burden as a Key Biomarker in Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: A Pan-Cancer Systematic Review

Background: Tumour mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging biomarker for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer therapy. While its role is well established in lung cancer and melanoma, its predictive value for breast and prostate cancers remains unclear. Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the predictive value of TMB for ICI therapy across four major cancer types—lung, melanoma, breast, and prostate—and to explore factors contributing to the variability in its effectiveness as a biomarker. Methods: A systematic search and a review of the literature were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies examining the relationship between TMB levels and clinical outcomes following ICI therapy in the specified cancers were analyzed. The data were synthesized to evaluate TMB’s predictive value and identify gaps in the current research. Results: High TMB consistently correlated with improved outcomes in lung cancer and melanoma, confirming its predictive utility in these cancers. Conversely, the findings for breast and prostate cancers were inconclusive. The variability in TMB’s predictive value for these cancers suggests the need for complementary biomarkers or refined criteria to enhance its reliability. Methodological inconsistencies in TMB evaluation were also noted as a significant limitation. Conclusions: TMB serves as a robust biomarker for predicting ICI response in lung cancer and melanoma, but demonstrates limited predictive utility in breast and prostate cancers. Future research should prioritize standardizing TMB assessment protocols and investigating additional biomarkers to improve treatment personalization for these cancer types.

Exposure to major coronary heart disease events reduces lung cancer risk: a mendelian randomization study based on a European population

ObjectiveThis study seeks to elucidate the causal relationship between major coronary heart disease events (MCHDE) and lung cancer incidence through mendelian randomization (MR), with the goal of providing evidence to inform more effective lung cancer screening and prevention strategies.MethodsUtilizing data from the IEU OpenGWAS project and FinnGen, this study employed a two-sample MR approach, with genetic variants serving as instrumental variables. Relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with MCHDE and lung cancer were carefully selected, with particular attention given to mitigating potential confounders, such as smoking behaviors and statin use.ResultsThe MR analysis, utilizing FinnGen's MCHDE as the exposure factor, revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [odds ratio (OR) 0.893, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.800–0.998] and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) [OR 0.684, 95% CI 0.500–0.936], highlighting the protective effect of MCHDE against these cancer subtypes. However, this protective effect was not observed for other types of lung cancer. Furthermore, substituting FinnGen's MCHDE with that from IEU OpenGWAS did not yield similar protective effects across various lung cancer subtypes.ConclusionsThis study suggests that MCHDE reduce the risk of NSCLC in the U.K. population and SCLC in the Finnish population. However, given that the underlying mechanism through which MCHDE reduces the risk of NSCLC and SCLC remains unclear, it is premature to conclude that individuals exposed to MCHDE do not require lung cancer screening.

Abstract B013: Autoimmunity mechanisms in combined radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy-induced myocarditis

Abstract Immuno-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are frequently used as a major cancer therapy, frequently combined with radiotherapy, particularly among patients with lung cancer. There is an increasing awareness of potential cardiotoxicities from either therapy, thus raising concerns when both therapies are combined. It is likely that radiation-induced cardiac inflammation becomes unchecked when ICIs are administered, contributing to myocarditis although the underlying specific mechanisms have not been characterized. We developed a mouse model of ICI and cardiac irradiation-induced myocarditis through an image-guided small animal irradiator in the A/J mice, which is prone to ICI-induced myocarditis. Our results showed that 20 % of ICI treated mice developed mild myocarditis, whereas 40 to 50% of mice with ICI plus irradiation treatment showed severe myocarditis, characterized by lots of infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and macrophages in hearts. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of infiltrated CD4+ T cells is 2 to 3 folds of CD8+ T cells in the heart tissue with disease. Severe fibrosis in hearts was associated with severe myocarditis. The levels of cardiomyocyte-specific protein troponin I in serum was correlated well with the severity of myocarditis, implicating that ICI and irradiation caused many cardiomyocyte damages. ELISA assay showed that serum IL-17 was dramatically increased in mice treated with ICI alone or ICI plus radiation, implying Th17 cells may play a pathogenic role in ICI & irradiation-induced myocarditis. In addition, we compared the myocarditis induced by ICI and irradiation in less susceptible prone of C57 mice with the more susceptible strain of A/J mice. The incidence of myocarditis was significantly lower in C57 mice compared with A/J Mice. Overall, our study indicates that irradiation promotes the pathogenesis of ICI-induced myocarditis, and individuals with autoimmune tendency have a high risk to develop severe myocarditis after administration of combined ICIs and irradiation. (This work is supported by NIH grant R01) Citation Format: Shiguang Yu, Nhan T Vu, Tyler Verburg, Bo Lu. Autoimmunity mechanisms in combined radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy-induced myocarditis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Translating Targeted Therapies in Combination with Radiotherapy; 2025 Jan 26-29; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(2_Suppl):Abstract nr B013.

The Trend in Age-Adjusted Incidence of Head and Neck Cancer in South Korea over the Past 20 Years.

We aimed to calculate the age-adjusted incidence rate of head and neck cancer (HNC) in South Korea from 1999 to 2020 and investigate the incidence trend of HNC excluding the effect of population aging. Data were obtained from the Cancer Registration Statistics Program. All 12 types of HNCs were analyzed. For each HNC type, the crude incidence rate and number of new cases during 1999-2020 are presented according to sex and age group. Age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated based on the World Standard Population (WHO 2000-2025), and its trends were also measured. Although the crude incidence rates of all HNCs have been steadily increasing from 1999 to 2020, the absolute values were very low in most cases, less than 2/100,000. The male-to-female ratio was 1 or higher for all HNCs except thyroid cancer, and 10 or higher for laryngeal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer. The trend of age-adjusted incidence was a gradual increase for tongue cancer, tonsil cancer, major salivary gland cancer, and thyroid cancer, a decrease for laryngeal cancer, and no significant change for the remaining HNCs. Excluding the population aging effect, tongue cancer, tonsil cancer, major salivary gland cancer, and thyroid cancer among HNCs have been increasing in South Korea over the past 20 years, while laryngeal cancer has been decreasing.

P1206 The Incidence and Disease Course of Perianal Disease in Paediatric-Onset Crohn's Disease: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study Covering 1980-2022

Abstract Background Perianal Crohn's disease (CD) is characterised by fistulae and/or abscesses in the anal region and leads to significant morbidity. We aimed to estimate the incidence and describe the disease course of perianal disease in paediatric-onset CD patients (<18 years at CD diagnosis). Methods In a nationwide registry-based cohort study, we identified all incident patients with paediatric-onset CD in Denmark from 1980 to 2018. We followed the patients until emigration, death, or December 31, 2022, and recorded the cumulative incidence of perianal disease based on data from the National Patient Registry. Using perianal disease as an exposure, we further assessed the risks of major abdominal surgeries, colorectal and anal cancer, and mortality. We used multivariate Cox regression analysis with biological age as the timescale to estimate hazard ratios adjusted (aHR) for sex, family income, and calendar year of CD diagnosis. Results We identified 2,356 paediatric-onset CD patients, of whom 769 (32.6%) were diagnosed with perianal CD. Total follow-up time was 38,584 person-years. The cohort is described in detail in Table 1. The cumulative incidence of perianal CD was 14.0%, 21.1%, and 28.1% after 1, 5, and 10 years after CD diagnosis, respectively. The incidence density during the study period was 29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.8–30.9) per 1,000 person-years, corresponding to 45.2% after 30 years of follow-up. Among the 769 patients with perianal CD, 460 (59.8%) had perianal abscesses, 399 (51.9%) perianal fistula, and 627 (81.5%) patients underwent perianal surgery. Of CD patients with perianal disease, 308 (40.1%) required a stoma compared to 147 (9.3%) of patients without, corresponding to an aHR of 2.8 (95% CI: 2.3-3.4). When comparing CD patients with perianal disease to those without, the aHRs for major abdominal surgery, cancer, and mortality were 1.5 (95%CI: 1.3–1.8), 0.8 (95% CI: 0.2–2.7), and 1.5 (95%CI: 0.9–2.7), respectively. Of the 68 patients that died, 35 (2.2/1,000 person-years) had perianal disease, whereas 33 (1.4/1,000 person-years) had not. Further risk analysis is presented in Figure 1. Conclusion In this nationwide cohort of patients with paediatric-onset CD (<18 years at CD diagnosis), 29 patients per 1,000 person-years developed perianal disease between 1980-2022. Patients with perianal CD were more likely to require major abdominal surgery, including stoma surgery, and had a higher risk of mortality compared to patients without perianal CD. Our study underlines the severity of perianal disease in paediatric-onset CD.

Sherlock-Genome: an R Shiny application for genomic analysis and visualization

MotivationNext-generation sequencing technologies, such as whole genome sequencing (WGS), have become prominent in cancer genomics. However, managing, visualizing, and integratively analyzing WGS results across various bioinformatic pipelines remains challenging, particularly for non-bioinformaticians, hindering the usability of WGS data for biological discovery.ResultsWe developed Sherlock-Genome, an R Shiny app for data harmonization, visualization, and integrative analysis of WGS-based cancer genomics studies. Following FAIR principles, Sherlock-Genome provides a platform and guidelines for managing and sharing finalized sample-level WGS analysis results, enabling users to upload results, inspect analyses locally, and perform integrative analyses. It includes modules for major cancer genomic analyses, allowing interactive data visualizations and integrative analyses with other data types. Sherlock-Genome supports both local and cloud deployment, facilitating the sharing of results for related publications. This tool has the potential to be widely adopted in cancer genomics, significantly enhancing the accessibility and usability of sample-level WGS analysis results for comprehensive biological discovery and research advancements.Availability and implementationThe source code and installation instructions for Sherlock-Genome can be accessed via Github https://github.com/xtmgah/Sherlock-Genome. Documentation and data requirements for user project data can also be found on the same GitHub page.

Impact of Non-Hepatectomy Opioid Reduction Efforts on Post-Hepatectomy Opioid Prescriptions: Analysis of 2,005 Patients.

Pathway-driven, post-pancreatectomy opioid reduction interventions have proven effective and sustainable and may have a "halo effect" on other major abdominal cancer operations. This study's aim was to analyze the sequential effects of expanding opioid reduction efforts from pancreatectomy on opioids prescribed after hepatectomy. This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the electronic health record and a prospective quality improvement database for consecutive hepatectomy patients (09/2016-02/2024). Cohorts were based on 5 distinct eras (E) of opioid-related protocol updates (E1/pre-intervention historical baseline: 09/2016-03/2017, E2/introduction of 5x-multiplier: 04/2017-09/2018, E3/departmental opioid education program: 10/2018-12/2019, E4/initial post-hepatectomy pathways: 01/2020-06/2022, E5/updated pancreatectomy pathways influencing hepatectomy care: 07/2022-02/2024). Of 2005 patients, 31% underwent major hepatectomy, 14% intermediate, 46% minor, and 9% combination surgery/other. Most (79%) were performed via open approach. Median hospital stay decreased from 5 to 4 days between E1-E5. Both intraoperative (E1:80mg, E5:37mg; p<0.001) and total inpatient (E1:181mg, E5:86mg; p<0.001) median oral morphine equivalents (OME) were reduced >50%. A 73% reduction in discharge OME was observed between E1 (225mg) and E5 (60mg; p<0.001), with clinically similar median pain scores at discharge (score 1-2 of 10). Concurrent universal adoption of routine 3-drug non-opioid discharge prescriptions (E1:70%, E5:98%) correlated with proportion of patients discharged opioid-free (E1:8%, E5:43%; p<0.001). Directed opioid reduction efforts for pancreatectomy influenced clinically meaningful post-hepatectomy reductions in inpatient and discharge opioid volumes. A "halo effect" of intradepartmental opioid reduction efforts is attainable and corresponds to measurable increases in opioid-free or nearly opioid-free discharges after major abdominal cancer surgery.

Real world outcomes with Ibrutinib monotherapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: a single center experience

Introduction. The advent of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors brought about a paradigm shift in the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), by offering a well-tolerated chemotherapy-free approach. Here, we share the experience with ibrutinib of a major Romanian regional cancer center. Methods. We screened patients treated for CLL in our center over 6 years (2017- 2022) and included those who were treated with ibrutinib either in the first line of therapy or in subsequent lines. Results. We enrolled 61 patients, 40 with treatment-naïve (TN) CLL and 21 with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL, with a median age at treatment initiation of 65 years. Concerning the prognostic-predictive workup, IgHV mutational status was available for 78.7% of the patients, TP53 sequencing for 82%, assessment of 17p deletion for 82%, and CD38 marker analysis was performed for 70.5%. With a median follow-up period of 55 months, the overall response rate (ORR) was 90.2%, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 33 months and a median overall survival (OS) that has not been reached. In our cohort, albeit non-significant statistically, patients with TP53 mutation had a shorter OS and those with mutated IgHV, a shorter PFS. Rai 3-4 and Binet C stages at diagnosis were associated with a shorter PFS, but not OS. In our cohort, the correlation between survival and high Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) index was not statistically significant. Ibrutinib was generally well tolerated in our cohort, as only 14.8% of our patients discontinued treatment due to adverse effects. Conclusion. Our study suggests that ibrutinib is a valid therapeutic option for TN or R/R CLL patients, with a high ORR and a good safety profile.

In Vitro Cytotoxic Potential and Integrated Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Approaches to Decipher the Mechanism of Gymnostachyum febrifugum Benth., in the Treatment of Breast Cancer.

Gymnostachyum febrifugum, a less-known ethnomedicinal plant from the Western Ghats of India, is used to treat various diseases and serves as an antioxidant and antibacterial herb. The present study aims to profile the cytotoxic phytochemicals in G. febrifugum roots using GC-MS/MS, in vitro confirmation of cytotoxic potential against breast cancer and an in silico study to understand the mechanism of action. Phytochemical profiling using GC-MS/MS showed the presence of eight cytotoxic molecules with lupeol in high abundance. A potent cytotoxic effect of G. febrifugum roots against breast cancer was also observed with antiproliferation, antimigration, inhibition in colony formation and death of breast cancer cells. Further, the cytotoxic potential of the plant was confirmed with the apoptosis of cells as observed in the flow cytometry. In silico network pharmacology, GO and KEGG analysis suggested the modulation of proteins of MAPK, PI3K-AKT and apoptosis pathways by lupeol to induce cytotoxicity in breast cancer. Further, dynamic simulation revealed MAPK and AKT as the major targets for lupeol. Our studies comprehensively elucidated the role of lupeol, a major phytochemical in G. febrifugum to induce cytotoxicity against breast cancer by targeting major cancer signaling pathways, providing a promising strategy and scientific basis to explore lupeol in targeted cancer therapy.

Volatile Organic Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Genitourinary Cancers: Review of the Applications and Detection Methods.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, and is ranked second in the United States. Early detection is crucial for more effective treatment and a higher chance of survival rates, reducing burdens on individuals and societies. Genitourinary cancers, in particular, face significant challenges in early detection. Finding new and cost-effective diagnostic methods is of clinical need. Metabolomic-based approaches, notably volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis, have shown promise in detecting cancer. VOCs are small organic metabolites involved in biological processes and disease development. They can be detected in urine, breath, and blood samples, making them potential candidates for sensitive and non-invasive alternatives for early cancer detection. However, developing robust VOC detection methods remains a hurdle. This review outlines the current landscape of major genitourinary cancers (kidney, prostate, bladder, and testicular), including epidemiology, risk factors, and current diagnostic tools. Furthermore, it explores the applications of using VOCs as cancer biomarkers, various analytical techniques, and comparisons of extraction and detection methods across different biospecimens. The potential use of VOCs in detection, monitoring disease progression, and treatment responses in the field of genitourinary oncology is examined.

Survival benefit of cancer-directed surgery and the role of adjuvant therapy in malignant major salivary gland cancers: a propensity score matched retrospective analysis.

The primary objective of this study was to assess the benefit of cancer-directed surgery (CDS) on both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with malignant major salivary gland cancers (MMSGCs). The secondary objective was to explore the benefits of adjuvant therapy on the survival outcomes of these patients. Patients diagnosed with MMSGC were extracted from the SEER database and subsequently categorized into two cohorts: CDS and non-CDS. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to mitigate confounding variables. The survival benefit associated with CDS was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard models. Furthermore, the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy was explored within the CDS subgroup. A total of 7,029 patients with MMSGC were included. PSM was performed and resulted in a matched cohort between both groups, including 595 patients in each group. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard indicated that patients who received CDS had better OS (HR: 0.45, 95% CI [0.39 to 0.52], P < 0.001) and CSS (HR: 0.46, 95% CI [0.40 to 0.52], P < 0.001). The 5- and 10-year OS for the CDS group was 42% (95% CI, 38 - 46%), and 25% (95% CI, 21 - 29%) consecutively, while the 5- and 10-year OS for the non-CDS group was 20% (95% CI, 17 - 24%), and 12% (95% CI, 9.7 - 16%) consecutively. Moreover, patients with younger age, localized tumors, and lower TNM stage could benefit more from CDS. Radiotherapy as adjuvant therapy was found to be beneficial (HR: 0.69, 95% CI [0.55-0.85], p < 0.001), while chemotherapy could not significantly benefit these patients. CDS improved the OS and CSS survival in MMSGC patients. Specific patient subgroups seemed to have a superior benefit from CDS. Adjuvant radiotherapy could help enhance the survival outcomes of these patients while chemotherapy could not.

Association between peri-operative red blood cell transfusion and cancer recurrence in patients undergoing major cancer surgery: an umbrella review.

Peri-operative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion is hypothesised to increase the risk of cancer recurrence following cancer surgery. However, previous data supporting this association are limited by residual confounding. We conducted an umbrella review (i.e. a systematic review of systematic reviews) to synthesise and evaluate the evidence between red blood cell transfusion and cancer recurrence. We searched online databases for systematic reviews of red blood cell transfusion and cancer-related outcomes. The AMSTAR 2 tool was used for quality assessment. The adequacy of confounding adjustment was judged according to a consensus-derived framework. We included five relevant systematic views which included patient populations ranging from 2110 to 184,190. Two reviews reported cancer recurrence, and all reported an association with red blood cell transfusion. Three reviews reported positive associations between red blood cell transfusion and adverse outcomes including all-cause mortality, recurrence-free survival and cancer-related mortality. According to AMSTAR 2, four reviews were rated as 'critically low quality' and one as 'low quality'. There was variation in how systematic reviews assessed the risk of bias from confounding. Compared with our pre-derived framework, we found a high likelihood of unmeasured confounding. Currently available evidence describes an association between peri-operative red blood cell transfusion and cancer recurrence, but this is mostly of low to critically low quality, with minimal control for residual confounding. Further research, at low risk of bias, is required to provide definitive evidence and inform practice.

Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in overcoming chemotherapy resistance in cancer.

Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally and a major health burden, with chemotherapy often serving as the primary therapeutic option for patients with advanced-stage disease, partially compensating for the limitations of non-curative treatments. However, the emergence of chemotherapy resistance significantly limits its efficacy, posing a major clinical challenge. Moreover, heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms across cancer types complicates the development of universally effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and identifying strategies to overcome it are current research focal points. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the key molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance, including drug efflux, enhanced DNA damage repair (DDR), apoptosis evasion, epigenetic modifications, altered intracellular drug metabolism, and the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs). We also examine specific causes of resistance in major cancer types and highlight various molecular targets involved in resistance. Finally, we discuss current strategies aiming at overcoming chemotherapy resistance, such as combination therapies, targeted treatments, and novel drug delivery systems, while proposing future directions for research in this evolving field. By addressing these molecular barriers, this review lays a foundation for the development of more effective cancer therapies aimed at mitigating chemotherapy resistance.

Quality End-of-Life Cancer Care: An Unfulfilled but Achievable Imperative.

Disease-focus management of late-stage cancer without addressing patients' preferences or quality of life (QoL) can lead to unsatisfactory patient and disease outcomes. A PRISMA-adherent systematic review of the literature was conducted via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar to assess the currentlate-stage cancer treatment modality, setting, timing, and cost, their impact on patient and disease outcomes, and possible interventions for improvement. Out of many studies, twelve from North America, Western Europe, and Asia met our inclusion criteria. A detailed analysis of the 929,408 late-stage cancer patients included revealed common management practices. Typically, patients were subjected to sustained intensive disease-focused treatment through the end-of-life (EoL) while deferring palliative care and other host-sustaining measures. Such practices compromised patients' QoL and increased costs without meeting their needs and expectations or significantly altering the course of the disease. To forestall such practices, five pragmatic host-focused management principles are proposed. In contrast to clinical practice guidelines (CPG), they can be promoted directly to current and future cancer care professionals as an easy-to-memorize and apply template: to the former via continuing medical education, podcasts, webinars, and other tutorials; to the latter by its incorporation into Oncology, Hematology, Hospice, and other cancer-training programs. Despite major advancesin early-stage cancer treatment and survival, late-stage cancer care is hindered by continuous disease-focused practices pursued through the EoL that lead to unsatisfactory patient and disease outcomes. Such practices can be reversed by adopting host-focused management principles that promote QoL and meet patients' needs and expectations as a basis for delivering holistic cancer care through the EoL.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Platinum Based Medicines Combined with Various Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Colorectal cancer continues to be a major cancer that affects patients in terms of morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy using cisplatin, oxaliplatin among others based with platinum have remained the mainstay in the treatment of diverse cancer including the colorectal cancer. However, these treatments are not very effective because of drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and low selectivity. The advances in nanotechnology in the past years presented nanoparticles as potential drug delivery systems which provide sharp targeting, minimum toxicity and better therapeutic efficacy. This review aims at discussing how platinum-based drugs can complement nanoparticles, for example liposomes, dendrimers and gold nanoparticles for colorectal cancer treatment. This review, discussed how nanoparticles can improve the effectiveness of platinum drugs; present sample findings from preclinical and clinical research; and analyze the perspectives of such combinations for the current therapy shortcomings overcoming. Furthermore, authors have looked at the prospects and challenges of this relatively young branch of research and discuss the opportunities that can lie in personalized medicine concepts, as well as the further evolution of nanoparticles. The purpose of this review is to enhance the current knowledge of platinum-nanoparticle combinations and to outline its future directions for colorectal cancer treatment.

Changing Landscape of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment and Survival Trends in Thailand: A 13-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study of Patients.

The incidence and survival rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) vary globally, influenced by factors such as ethnicity, lifestyle, and health care systems. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with HNSCC treated between 2008 and 2020 in four major Thai academic cancer centers, using a multidisciplinary multicenter database. The study focused on the evolution of patient characteristics, survival changes, and treatment landscape alterations over time. Among 6,319 patients, the most common primary sites were nasopharynx (33%), oral cavity (23%), oropharynx (17%), larynx (15%), and hypopharynx (8%). An increase in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma was noted, from 13% in 2008 to 42% in 2019-2020. The majority of patients presented with locally advanced (LA) stages (IVa/b: 50%, III: 26%). Chemoradiotherapy (54%) and surgery (24%) were the main treatments, with cisplatin (79%) being most commonly used in chemoradiation. Overall survival (OS) improved annually across all subsites, correlating with an increase in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) use, from 25% in 2008 to 90% in 2019-2020. The median follow-up duration was 4.59 years, with a minimum of 2.75 years. Patients treated with IMRT had significantly longer OS compared with those treated with non-IMRT techniques, in both NPC and non-NPC HNSCC (P < .001). To our knowledge, this is the largest study in Thailand that demonstrates increasing survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC and NPC, despite commonly presenting with LA stages. The increasing use of IMRT may be contributing to improved survival outcomes in both patients with NPC and non-NPC HNSCC patients.

Determinants of a longer length of stay in major head and neck cancer surgery: a national study based on the French hospital discharge database.

Determinants of a longer length of stay in major head and neck cancer surgery: a national study based on the French hospital discharge database.