Abstract ABSTRACT Treatment abandonment is a critical issue in pediatric oncology that significantly impacts patient outcomes and survival rates. This study investigates the prevalence and factors contributing to treatment abandonment among pediatric solid cancer patients. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare system-related factors influencing treatment abandonment in this population. Data was collected from 148 pediatric pediatric cancer patients diagnosed with Brain tumors in National Cancer institute, Cairo University over a 2 year period. The study also examines the implications of treatment abandonment on disease progression, patient prognosis, and overall healthcare burden. RESULTS The study found that 14 % of pediatric Brain tumors ‘patients at our institute experienced treatment abandonment during their course of care. Factors contributing to treatment abandonment included financial constraints (34 %), lack of awareness about the importance of treatment adherence (26 %), distance to healthcare facilities (20%), and cultural beliefs (20). The impact of treatment abandonment on disease progression and patient outcomes was substantial, with [58 % p value <0.01}. By understanding the complex factors contributing to treatment abandonment in Egyptian pediatric cancer patients, healthcare providers and policymakers can implement targeted interventions to improve treatment adherence, enhance patient outcomes, and reduce the burden of pediatric cancer in Egypt.