Canal Tunnel Research Articles

Geotechnical Investigation and Monitoring of Underground Excavation of Tunnel-2 in Srisailam Left Bank Canal Tunnel Project (AMRP), Nalgonda District, Telangana, India

Construction stage geotechnical investigation for tunnels within rocks includes detailed engineering geological mapping of excavated strata and its subsequent rock mass classification for the purpose of selection and installation of suitable supports. Monitoring of ground deformations during excavation of rock tunnels serves as the principal means of verifying the design of tunnel supports and stability of the excavation. Geology of the area comprises of Archean gneissic complex with basic intrusives overlain unconformably by the Srisailam Quartzites. The contact of basic intrusives with granite reaches was expected to be fractured and sheared and identified as adverse geological conditions and may warrant instrumental monitoring. In this work, the underground excavation of Srisailam Left Bank Canal (SLBC) Tunnel2, excavated in the Archean gneisses and granites was mapped by face mapping and 3D geological logging on 1:250 scale during construction stage, for the entire length of 7121Mresulting in identification of Chainages 2776M, 3200M and 4170M for field monitoring. Field instrumentation comprising of MPBX/SPBX, Load cells were installed at the adverse locations. The ground deformations were found to have attained stability with the installation of primary supports comprising shotcrete 50MM thick and pattern rock bolts 4M long full grouted for Rock Mass Class III (Fair Rock), shotcrete 100MM thick and pattern rock bolts)/ Steel Ribs with back fill concrete for Rock Mass Class IV and V(Poor Rock and Very Poor Rock). Keywords: Geological Investigation, Rock Mass Classification, Excavation Monitoring, Ground Deformation, Tunnels, Nalgonda District

Groundwater lowering for construction of the Kilsby Tunnel, UK – pumping and tunnelling

The Kilsby Tunnel, constructed in the 1830s under the direction of Robert Stephenson, faced severe problems when a section of the tunnel, almost 400 m long, was driven through water-bearing unstable ‘quicksand’ conditions. Contemporary methods were not well suited to tunnelling through such conditions, and in previous decades, several canal tunnels had been planned to specifically divert around expected ‘bad ground’, and others took years to complete at great expense. Stephenson’s team, drawing on their experience from the mining industry, did not take this approach and ultimately worked through the unstable ground, albeit with considerable delays and cost increases. This was achieved in part by establishing a large-scale groundwater pumping system, unique for the time, that lowered groundwater levels and stabilised the quicksand, which resulted from a buried channel of glaciofluvial sands, cut into bedrock, that had been missed by trial borings. Steam engines were used to pump from multiple shafts (including four dedicated pumping shafts, off set from the tunnel alignment), with a reported pumping rate of 136 l/s for several months. One unusual feature was the use of flatrod systems to transmit mechanical power horizontally; this allowed a single engine to drive pumps in several different shafts.

Combining photogrammetric and bathymetric data to build a 3D model of a canal tunnel

AbstractThis paper introduces an original method for modelling in 3D the full tube (both vault and canal) of navigable tunnels using data acquired dynamically from a boat. The recording system is composed of cameras that provide images of the vault and a multibeam echo sounder that acquires 3D profiles underwater. Reconstructing partially submerged structures, in a confined environment where no global positioning system signal is available, is challenging. The method exploits the capabilities of photogrammetry, not only to reconstruct the tunnel vault, but also to estimate the trajectory of the vessel, which is necessary to rearrange sonar profiles and form the 3D model of the canal. The comparison of a model reconstructed from in situ dynamic acquisitions with a reference one, obtained from static laser and sonar acquisitions, shows that the accuracy is of the order of a centimetre for the vault, while it is decimetric for underwater features.

Combining photogrammetric and bathymetric data for modelling the Niderviller canal tunnel, France

The Photogrammetric RecordVolume 36, Issue 175 p. 191-191 Frontispiece Combining photogrammetric and bathymetric data for modelling the Niderviller canal tunnel, France First published: 18 September 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/phor.12378Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume36, Issue175September 2021Pages 191-191 RelatedInformation

Round Window Insertion in Veria Technique of Cochlear Implantation: An Essential Modification.

Cochlear implants have been done using various surgical approaches. The classical posterior tympanotomy approach has been practiced by majority of surgeons worldwide. An alternative approach is the transcanal Veria approach. This is non mastoidectomy approach where the electrode is threaded via a transcanal tunnel into the cochleostomy site. Majority of "Veria" surgeons are inserting the cochlear electrodes via a cochleostomy. This article focuses on round window insertion of cochlear electrode which has been proven to be a "softer "technique of electrode insertions and finds its role in preservation of residual hearing. Out of 115 cochlear implants done at AIIMS Patna between May 2014-May 2018, using the Veria approach, 52 patients have now been done using the round window insertion. Veria approach is a non-mastoidectomy technique where a special perforator is used to drill a trans canal tunnel which lodges the cochlear electrodes. All kind of implants were used and round window insertion was possible with different kind of electrodes. Out of 52 implants, 24 were MEDEL Sonata with straight electrode and flex soft electrode, 21 were Advanced Bionics Precurved 1J electrode, 2 were (CI 24 REST) Cochlear devices standard straight array and 5 were Neurelec standard straight array devices. Insertion was uneventful in all the cases and intra op telemetry results were satisfactory post insertion. Round window insertion has now become routine for cochlear implants especially in cases where we have to preserve residual hearing. Veria approach earlier was considered to be only a "cochleostomy" approach but our successful insertion via the round window using the Veria technique is a landmark modification and alleviates any such limitation which was associated with this technique before.

Evaluation of the Earthquake Countermeasure Method Applied to Mountain Canal Tunnel

Evaluation of the Earthquake Countermeasure Method Applied to Mountain Canal Tunnel

A Median Nerve Anterior Transposition Procedure for Multi-Recurrent Hemodialysis-Related Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Some long-term hemodialysis patients suffer from multi-recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome because amyloid originating from β2-microglobulin continues to be deposited mainly in the flexor tendons, tendon sheaths and flexor retinaculum during maintenance hemodialysis. These amyloid deposits inside carpal canal (tunnel) tissues increase carpal canal pressure and this leads to compression of the median nerve. When multi-recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome occurs, previous operative scarring of soft tissue may prohibit further enlargement of the carpal canal even if any carpal canal decompression procedure is used. For this reason, we developed a median nerve anterior transposition procedure, as a new approach in the treatment of multi-recurrent hemodialysis-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Median nerve anterior transposition procedures were performed on seven hands in six patients with multi-recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome. The mean age of the patients was 68.3 years and the mean hemodialysis duration was 35.3 years. Mean follow-up period was 9.9 months. The median nerve is transposed from inside to outside of the carpal canal under local and infiltration anesthesia without a pneumatic tourniquet on an outpatient basis. This procedure is based on the same principles applied in ulnar nerve anterior transposition procedures for cubital tunnel syndrome. Main preoperative patient complaints were intolerable tingling and/or pain in the diseased hands throughout the day. Following the surgeries, preoperative clinical symptoms began to subside and eventually improved in all hands. Postoperative abductor pollicis brevis muscle power using manual muscle testing improved except in one hand. Abnormal preoperative distal motor and sensory latency were improved except in two hands following the surgeries. The median nerve anterior transposition procedure is a beneficial treatment for patients suffering from hemodialysis-related multi-recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome.

Advancing tunnelling: recognising a UK engineering legacy

Between 1760 and 1820, the Georgians pioneered modern tunnelling, constructing 47 tunnels for canals across the UK. In 1789, the then longest canal tunnel in the UK was completed after 5 years and 4 months of construction; at 3490 m, the Sapperton tunnel conveyed the Thames and Severn Canal. But there were many failures, often involving loss of life; from these, as much as from the successes, tunnelling techniques and skills were developed. The mastery of tunnelling techniques for safely traversing through the earth remains challenging for civil engineers. Since 1965, there have been over 100 reported tunnel failures across the world. While Georgian historic structures are familiar on the skylines of today’s cities, a further hidden legacy can also be discovered from the past of collective engineering experiences. This paper reviews the causes of tunnelling success and failures, bequeathed to civil engineers by their Georgian predecessors, and seeks to derive lessons for today’s civil engineers.

다목적 터널의 침수 시 비상 대응에 관한 연구

Recently, domestic and external interest in regard to become underground of traffic tunnel is heightened due to the urbanization get at saturated network of roads. In addition, due to develop urban areas flood have occurred frequently, canal tunnel’s development to prevent the flood by bypassing flood discharge about flood-prone area is required. In this study, emergency response plans in the multipurpose tunnels were investigated from the related government report, websites, and previous researches. The investigated emergency response plans to cope with the natural disasters including flooding were compared to the South Korean’s cases. As a result, the problem of the water canal were explained and the disaster response policies were proposed based on the necessity of the consistency and sustainability for the disaster industry.

Adjustment of Sonar and Laser Acquisition Data for Building the 3D Reference Model of a Canal Tunnel.

In this paper, we focus on the construction of a full 3D model of a canal tunnel by combining terrestrial laser (for its above-water part) and sonar (for its underwater part) scans collected from static acquisitions. The modeling of such a structure is challenging because the sonar device is used in a narrow environment that induces many artifacts. Moreover, the location and the orientation of the sonar device are unknown. In our approach, sonar data are first simultaneously denoised and meshed. Then, above- and under-water point clouds are co-registered to generate directly the full 3D model of the canal tunnel. Faced with the lack of overlap between both models, we introduce a robust algorithm that relies on geometrical entities and partially-immersed targets, which are visible in both the laser and sonar point clouds. A full 3D model, visually promising, of the entrance of a canal tunnel is obtained. The analysis of the method raises several improvement directions that will help with obtaining more accurate models, in a more automated way, in the limits of the involved technology.

Pedicled hypothenar fat pad flap in recalcitrant carpal tunnel syndrome

The incidence of failure in open carpal canal tunnel decompression is underestimated. Recurrence is often the result of scarring of the median nerve. Conservative treatment or careful neurolysis are usually insufficient.

BUILDING A 3D REFERENCE MODEL FOR CANAL TUNNEL SURVEYING USING SONAR AND LASER SCANNING

Abstract. Maintaining canal tunnels is not only a matter of cultural and historical preservation, but also a commercial necessity and a security issue. This contribution adresses the problem of building a full 3D reference model of a canal tunnel by merging SONAR (for underwater data recording) and LASER data (for the above-water parts). Although both scanning devices produce point clouds, their properties are rather different. In particular, SONAR data are very noisy and their processing raises several issues related to the device capacities, the acquisition setup and the tubular shape of the tunnel. The proposed methodology relies on a denoising step by meshing, followed by the registration of SONAR data with the geo-referenced LASER data. Since there is no overlap between point clouds, a 3-step procedure is proposed to robustly estimate the registration parameters. In this paper, we report a first experimental survey, which concerned the entrance of a canal tunnel. The obtained results are promising and the analysis of the method raises several improvement directions that will help obtaining more accurate models, in a more automated fashion, in the limits of the involved technology.

An Image-Based Inspection System for Canal Tunnel Heritage

Nowadays, 33 canal tunnels, mainly bored during the 19th and 20th centuries, are still used in France for commercial navigation and boating. The preservation of this heritage is not only essential for cultural and historical reasons but also for economical necessities and security issues. A French partnership proposes to develop a prototype dedicated to the image-based inspection of canal tunnels. In this paper, we address the problems of image quality and location accuracy, which is particularly challenging since no conventional global referencing system is available in tunnels. We introduce the dynamic imaging system that has been tested during recording campaigns in Niderviller tunnel. Several solutions to locate the inspection barge have been also investigated. The experimental evaluation on the accuracy of the referencing methods is presented and analyzed.

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF A CANAL-TUNNEL 3D MODEL BY COMPARING PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND LASERSCANNING RECORDING TECHNIQUES

Abstract. With recent developments in the field of technology and computer science, conventional methods are being supplanted by laser scanning and digital photogrammetry. These two different surveying techniques generate 3-D models of real world objects or structures. In this paper, we consider the application of terrestrial Laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetry to the surveying of canal tunnels. The inspection of such structures requires time, safe access, specific processing and professional operators. Therefore, a French partnership proposes to develop a dedicated equipment based on image processing for visual inspection of canal tunnels. A 3D model of the vault and side walls of the tunnel is constructed from images recorded onboard a boat moving inside the tunnel. To assess the accuracy of this photogrammetric model (PM), a reference model is build using static TLS. We here address the problem comparing the resulting point clouds. Difficulties arise because of the highly differentiated acquisition processes, which result in very different point densities. We propose a new tool, designed to compare differences between pairs of point cloud or surfaces (triangulated meshes). Moreover, dealing with huge datasets requires the implementation of appropriate structures and algorithms. Several techniques are presented : point-to-point, cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-mesh. In addition farthest point resampling, octree structure and Hausdorff distance are adopted and described. Experimental results are shown for a 475 m long canal tunnel located in France.

Technical visit: Pre-conference tour to Butterley reservoir

The pre-conference tour for the British Dam Society conference in Leeds in September 2012 visited Yorkshire Water's Butterley reservoir and the Canal and River Trust's Stanedge tunnel.

Realizing the Dream: The Union Canal

The Union Canal Tunnel, the second tunnel to be constructed in the United States, was slowly carved out of the mountainside from its north and south ends with the aid of only shovels, picks, a star drill, and gunpowder. Boats were poled through its length of 729 ft (222.2 m) while the mules followed the towpath over the hill.

Soft tissue rheumatism in erderly

Disorders of soft, peri-articular tissues are a common cause of musculoskeletal pain in elderly patients. Nevertheless, most physicians underestimate the role of soft tissue rheumatism in the pathomechanism of the pain. The impairments of soft tissue can not be diagnosed by X-rays examinations, whereas degenerative lesions of joints are easy diagnosed using this method even despite of their uncertain role in producing the symptoms. The incidence of pain syndromes originated from soft tissues differ regarding to the age of patients. In young subjects the incidence of all of them is generally low. Syndromes provoked by overloading during work: repetitive strain syndrome, canal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, golfers elbow, shoulder tendon coin disorders and myofascial pain syndrome are common in middle-aged patients. The morbidity of fibromialgia syndrome is also lower in old people probably as the result of diminished numbers and degenerative changes in nociceptive fibers. The syndromes prevailing in elderly patients include trochanteric syndrome and the pain syndromes provoked by muscle spasm depended on posture abnormalities. In the soft tissue pain syndrome prevention adapted to old age kinesitherapy and avoiding muscle overloading are recommended. Soft tissue pain syndromes are usually treated with non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. In local pain syndromes better results can be obtained by local treatment. Local injections of glikocorticosteroids are usually very effective and safe.

Rehabilitation of a Canal Tunnel for Symbiosis with Bats

Rehabilitation of a Canal Tunnel for Symbiosis with Bats

Rehabilitation of Overage Canal Tunnels

Rehabilitation of Overage Canal Tunnels

Rehabilitation of Canal Tunnel by Use of SPR Method

Rehabilitation of Canal Tunnel by Use of SPR Method