Canal Seepage Research Articles

Estimation of Seepage from Ismailia Canal using Iodine-131

Based on tracer technique using radioactive iodine 131 the total seepage from Ismailia Canal is estimated at 326 × 106 m3/year equivalent to 8% of the total flow. Comparison of Ismailia Canal seepage estimates using different techniques is performed and analysed. However, the nuclear tracer method is considered to be the most accurate one due to measurement of filtration velocity directly. Controlling seepage losses from Ismailia Canal is discussed and recommendations are given.

Assessment of environmental impacts of Sarda Sahayak Canal irrigation project of Uttar Pradesh, government, India

This paper analyses the results of studies conducted on the Sarda Sahayak Canal Irrigation Project of the U.P. Government, which was commissioned in 1974. The operation of this canal has created serious problems of environmental degradation in the command area. The problem of seepage started right from the beginning and at present it has created a situation which may be one of its type in the history of canal irrigation. The seepage in 1984 has damaged 385 villages, 13,677 houses and 2200 catties. Mature natural forests containing Sal trees have been killed by canal seepage over a vast tract. The canal seepage and high water table rendered vast tract waterlogged. Due to continuous waterlogging in the command area, the problems of Malaria, Filaria skin diseases and pest are very common. The canal is operating, and this report should help in assessing the environmental changes such as management of land, water and forests for sustainable development.

Effect of Canal Seepage on Drainage to Parallel Drains

ABSTRACT Afinite element solution to the Richards equation was used to simulate the effect of seepage to and from a field drained by parallel tubes. The drainage tubes were assumed to run parallel to an adjacent canal. Solutions were obtained for canal water levels both higher and lower than the water table in the field. Two 135 m wide regions with depths to the impervious layer of 3 m and 7 m were analyzed; each had four parallel drain tubes at a depth of 1 m. Solutions for both steady state and transient drainage events were obtained for two separate soils. Seepage to and from the canal had the maximum effect on the water table between the canal and the first drain. It had minimal effect on the water table heights between the first two drains and on the flow rate into the first drain. The effects of the canal water level on the rest of the field were negligible.

Brine Pollution at Fresno — Twenty‐Six Years Later

ABSTRACTChloride pollution of ground water was discovered in 1953 downgradient of seepage pits and wells used for disposal of waste waters. An ice plant and water softening plant at the Fresno railroad yard were the sources of pollution. A plume of polluted ground water was delineated, and the discharge from the major source (the water softening plant) was stopped in 1953. Sampling in the late 1970's indicated that high chloride contents were still present in ground water downgradient of the railroad yard. The plume expanded both vertically and horizontally in the aquifer, from a volume of about 1,500 acre‐feet (1.85 million cubic meters) in 1953 to 15,000 acre‐feet (18.5 million cubic meters) in 1979. Trilinear diagram plots of waste waters and ground water indicate that waste water from the ice plant continued to produce an impact into the 1970's. Recharge from canal seepage has created an important boundary, particularly on the west side of the plume. The rate of ground‐water flow, calculated on the basis of the advance of the chloride front, was about 200 feet (61 meters) per year, in close agreement with estimates based on water‐level slope and aquifer parameters.

WATER AND SALT MOVEMENT IN A SALINE-SODIC SOIL IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

The internal drainage of a saline-sodic soil having till at 51 cm from the surface was studied in the field and laboratory. Average water intake (infiltration) for the profile was 3.76 cm/day. The Btj could be a limiting factor for vertical flow. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity indicated that lateral flow of water in the C horizon (36 cm/day) and surface of the till (22 cm/day) could be as much as five times greater than that of the Ah (5 cm/day) and Btj (8 cm/day) horizons. Salts were leached from the profile by the 22 cm of water that had been applied. It was concluded that the internal drainage of the soil was sufficient to accommodate infiltrated water under normal conditions, and that the buildup of a water table and salinization of the soil were probably due to lateral flow of water from canal seepage and irrigation mismanagement.

Canal Seepage with Boundary at Finite Depth

Closed-form solution for the problem of seepage from channels in homogeneous and isotropic material extending up to finite depth with drainages at a finite distance from the canal and at finite depth has been obtained by the use of conformal mapping. Equations for seepage discharge and the shape of the phreatic line are given. The analysis indicates that the phreatic surface rises with decrease in the depth of impervious layer, and increase in the width of the channel and the drainage distance. For larger values of T/n, the phreatic surface is seen to curve continuously and is S-shaped. With a decrease in the value of T/n, the curvature of the phreatic surface is reduced. It is also seen that the seepage discharge increases with an increase in the depth of the pervious stratum and approaches the value for the case of a canal with depth of pervious stratum extending to infinity.

Estimating Seepage Losses from Canal Systems

Canal seepage rates for broad soil textural groups were evaluated by analyzing results of 765 tests made in the western United States. Seepage rates varied widely within each broad texture class, but the average rates for all the classes ranged from 0.2 ft to 2.0 ft (0.06 m/day to 0.6 m/day). Seepage rates were less than 1.0 ft (0.3 m) per day in most tests. Average rates were similar, whether measured by ponding or by seepage meter. No significant linear regression was found between canal dimensions and seepage rates within any one soil texture group. Average seepage rates for lined canals ranged from 0.1 ft to 1.0 ft (0.03 m to 0.3 m) per day. Irrigation system designers and resource planners will find these average rates helpful in estimating seepage losses for existing or planned systems. Average rates also will be helpful in evaluating alternative improvements in water management, such as canal-lining programs, modernizing measurement and delivery methods, and installing computer-controlled automatic regulation of diversions and deliveries.

Analysis of Canal Seepage to Interceptor Drain

No solution for the problem of seepage from trapezoidal channels in homogenous and isotropic material to an interceptor drain and the main drainage at finite distance is available so far. This general problem is solved exactly by the use of conformal mapping. Equations for seepage discharge to the interceptor drain and the main drainage and shape of free surface are given. These equations are solved numerically. The results are given in the form of dimensionless curves. The analysis indicates that the effect of lowering of phreatic surface by provision of interceptor drain extends to a considerable distance on either side of the drain. The location of the drain farther away from the canal results in greater lowering of free surface beyond the drain although this results in a slight rise in the elevation of free surface between the canal and the drain.

Interceptor Drain Recovery of Canal Seepage

Interceptor Drain Recovery of Canal Seepage

Shape of the fresh-water lens resulting from canal seepage

Shape of the fresh-water lens resulting from canal seepage

Closure to “Eliminating Waterlogging Caused by Canal Seepage”

Closure to “Eliminating Waterlogging Caused by Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Eliminating Waterlogging Caused by Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Eliminating Waterlogging Caused by Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Eliminating Waterlogging Caused by Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Eliminating Waterlogging Caused by Canal Seepage”

Eliminating Waterlogging Caused by Canal Seepage

The phenomenon of waterlogging caused by canal seepage flow is described, using a covered interceptor, for the hydrogeological conditions of the Nile Valley (Egypt, U.A.R.). The problem is considered as a two-dimensional steady-seepage flow from a canal into an interceptor drain, placed in a semipervious aquifer, with a deep impervious stratum. The resulting mathematical theory is checked with an experimental study. The method of calculating the interceptor drain is given, and a practical example is solved. It is concluded that the maximum efficiency of interceptor drains, adopted for such hydrogeological conditions, can be attained by keeping a certain ratio between the hydraulic permeability of the aquifer and the clay layer.

Variable Head Technique for Seepage Meters

Technique for measuring canal or reservoir seepage losses with seepage meters is proposed; method furnishes information regarding hydraulic conductivity of bottom material and seepage gradients; resistance network analog was used for analysis of pertinent factors and flow components.

Closure to “Robinson-Rohwer on Canal Seepage”

Closure to “Robinson-Rohwer on Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Muckel On Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Muckel On Canal Seepage”

Measurement of Canal Seepage

Existing methods of measuring seepage have been investigated by the authors in an effort to develop new methods and to study the factors affecting see page, Special studies include the effect of depth of water on seepage, the effect of the depth to ground water, and the effect of temperature on the seepage rate. Seepage meters were found to indicate the order of magnitude of loss, although they do not provide accurate measurement. A method of analysis was developed for using the well-permeamcter test results in forecasting seepage.

Discussion of “Measurement of Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Measurement of Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Measurement of Canal Seepage”

Discussion of “Measurement of Canal Seepage”