Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. sensu lato comprises two widespread, closely related species: tropical and warm-temperate C. pilifer Brid. (= C. polytrichoides DeNot.) and temperate southern hemispheric C. introflexus (Hedw.) Brid., which was recently introduced in Europe. Main differences are in the height of the dorsal lamellae of the leaves, in spore size and in seta length. In C. pilifer lamellae are more pronounced in tropical mountains than in lowland areas. An extreme form with lamellae up to seven cells high is C. pilifer var. lamellatus (Mont.) comb. nov. from Bolivia.