Campos Gerais Region Research Articles

Influência geoambiental em mudanças de atitudes e econômicas na colônia Witmarsum, Paraná

The Witmarsum Settlement, situated in the Campos Gerais Region, State of Parana, raises reflections concerning the cultural trajectory of the mennonite people and geoenvironmental constraints and opportunities. Originally farming, in Brazil obligated to dedicate to dairy cattle and culturally differentiated, today the mennonites argue the possibility of to open the settlement for sustainable tourism (ecotourism, geotourism, etnotourism, rural tourism) as an economic supplement. Evaluating such possibility, this study discusses the natural and cultural attributes in the location, the internal organization in the settlement and the formal guidelines for sustainable tourism implantation. About the natural attributes, in the settlement territory there are glacial Palaeozoic striation, patrimony already transformed in a geological monument with visitation infrastructure. About the cultural attributes, the mennonite everyday life and economic structures are organized respecting the traditional religious orientation, being this a valorized and preserved cultural aspect. Considering Witmarsum's cultural and geoenvironmental characteristics the study concludes by the viability of a small impact economic activity, since respecting the environmental and cultural preservation concepts and current procedures already practiced in the settlement. Such activity should have larger economic success possibility, and at the same time more risks regarding the colony cultural identity, if integrated to touristic clusters proposed for the region.

STUDY OF LOGISTICAL INTERMODALITY IN PARANÁ STATE – BRAZIL

Intermodal transportation is characterized by the transfer of goods from the origin point to a destination, involving two or more different modals of transportation. This paper aims to analyze modal road and rail transportation in the Campos Gerais region, as a form of concentrated cargos (storage and distribution) in this region. The empirical secondary data was obtained from federal agencies, such as the Ministry of Development and Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The modal choice emphasizes each specific characteristic and costs cutting. The Campos Gerais region presents significant exports, representing 41% of the state of Parana in 2004. The logistics junction of Campos Gerais region is focused on modal road-rail, centering on a large volume of cargo in this region.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF BEE HONEYS FROM CAMPOS GERAIS REGION OF PARANÁ – BRAZIL

Bee (Apis mellifera L.) honeys have been widely used for therapeutic and nutritional proposes. For evaluating the honey production, physicochemical approaches have been extensively performed to ensure that this hive product is authentic in respect to the legal requirements. The aim of this paper was to discuss the quality control of 93 samples of honey from Campos Gerais region of Paraná State – South Brazil by physicochemical parameters. Moisture, reducing sugars, sucrose, water-insoluble solids, ash, free acidity, pH, activity of diastase, hydroxymethylfurfural content and colour were performed by the standard usual methods. Samples were also classified in floral honeys or honeydew honeys according to the Kirkwood equation. A total of 71 samples (76.34%) showed values in accordance with the Brazilian legal requirements for all the achieved physicochemical parameters. Otherwise, all the studied honeys were likewise within the legislation limits only for water-insoluble solids and colour. For pH, an additional parameter that has not been provided in honey legislation, samples showed values ranging from 3.60 to 5.35. By the Kirkwood equation, 61 honeys were considered as floral products.

Composição florística e fitofisionomia de remanescentes disjuntos de Cerrado nos Campos Gerais, PR, Brasil - limite austral do bioma

O cerrado possui seu limite austral de ocorrência nos Campos Gerais do Paraná onde, na forma de pequenos fragmentos disjuntos, tem grande afinidade com as formações savânicas de São Paulo e do Planalto Central do Brasil. Encontra-se, na sua maior parte, em propriedades particulares, sob forte pressão da agropecuária, tendo sido até então pouco estudado. Foram realizadas análises florísticas e fitofisionômicas de 30 remanescentes de cerrado em seis municípios, com determinação de um total de 1.782 táxons. Asteraceae foi a família com maior riqueza de espécies (256), seguida por Fabaceae (207), Poaceae (183), Myrtaceae (72) e Melastomataceae (54). Encontrou-se um gradiente latitudinal e geomorfológico na distribuição das fisionomias: cerrado stricto sensu (50%) e cerradão (13%) distribuem-se nos planaltos areníticos ao norte da região; enquanto cerrado rupestre (17%) e campo sujo com fácies de cerrado (20%) estão mais representados nas porções meridionais, nos relevos escarpados dos vales dos rios. Os remanescentes mostraram similaridade florística com áreas core do Bioma e podem ser consideradas áreas marginais da amplitude geográfica de muitos táxons, compartilhando espécies típicas, características da Província Sulina. Portanto, estas áreas campestres seriam melhor classificadas como savanas do que como estepes. A fitocenose mais austral em Ponta Grossa, com alta riqueza de espécies, encontra-se isolada biogeograficamente dos demais elementos do Bioma, constituindo um possível centro de endemismo.

Storm deposited pebble and cobble-sized particles in the early Emsian of the Ponta Grossa Formation, Paraná Basin (state of Paraná, Brazil)

Quartzite pebbles from an arenaceous siltstone with fine sand lenses have been found at two localities in the Campos Gerais region, Apucarana Sub-basin (Parana Basin), south Brazil. These pebbles were first interpreted as glacial diamictites, but their smooth surfaces and surrounding sediments indicate another origin. Two of the pebbles are associated with a small scale hummocky cross stratification in the top layer, and with laminated layers below, which is indicative of currents formed by oscillatory waves. None of the pebbles show any traces of encrustacion. The surrounding siltstone is affected by bioturbation and contain brachiopods ( Australospirifer ). Palynomorphs indicate that these storm deposits were deposited during an early Emsian maximum inundation.

Storm deposited pebble and cobble-sized particles in the early Emsian of the Ponta Grossa Formation, Paraná Basin (state of Paraná, Brazil)

Quartzite pebble and cobble-sized particles from an arenaceous siltstone with fine sandstone lenses have been found at two localities in the Campos Gerais region, Apucarana Sub-Basin (Paraná Basin), south Brazil. These particles were first interpreted as glacial diamictites, but their smooth surfaces and surrounding sediments indicate another origin. Two of the pebbles are associated with a small scale hummocky cross stratification in the top layer, and with fine sandstone layers below, which is indicative of currents formed by oscillatory flow. None of the particles show any traces of encrustation, and their morphology suggests they have been formed in a fluviatle environment. The surrounding siltstone is affected by bioturbation and contain brachiopods (Australospirifer). Palynomorphs indicate that these storm deposits were formed during an early Emsian maximum inundation on a transgressive ravinement surface.

Characterization of corn landraces planted grown in the campos gerais region (Paraná, Brazil) for industrial utilization

This work has the objective of characterizing twenty corn landraces grown in the Campos Gerais region (Paraná State) in relation to its chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein, ether extract, dietary fiber and starch) and physical properties (weight of 1000 grains, real density, flotation index, granulometry and color). In addition, also the lab scale processing of the kernels from the varieties was carried out for producing starch; starch purity was evaluated by measuring its protein contamination. Amylose contents and viscoamylograph profile were also evaluated. The results showed that the evaluated landraces have differences in chemical composition as well as in pericarp/endosperm/germ proportions and consequently it should have different industrial applications and interest for plant breeding.

A política ambiental para a região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná

O presente texto lança uma crítica sobre as políticas públicas voltadas à preservação e conservação da natureza nos Campos Gerais do Paraná. A região pesquisada apresenta características peculiares em razão do domínio fitogeográfico da vegetação de campos limpos com a ocorrência de campos cerrados e de matas de altitude, inseridas numa paisagem historicamente marcada pela ocorrência de atividades agropecuárias. Entretanto, as políticas de conservação e preservação ambiental têm valorizado as áreas com remanescentes de florestas e de patrimônio natural cênico, em detrimento dos ecossistemas e da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento das populações que habitam em domínios de campo.

A agroindustrialização da uva como alternativa para a agricultura familiar

The present article aims to analyze the production costs involved in the grape agro industry as an alternative for familiar agriculture, in Campos Gerais region – Parana State, Brazil. Investments, production cost, profitability and risks involved in this activity are described based on grape in natura and processed into wine, juice and jelly. The methodology, based on discounted cash flow, generated returns and risk indicators. It was verified that grape processing (jelly, wine and juice) generates a sustainable financial benefit for the farmer, raising, in the case of jelly, the net revenue of the producer by 168%.

Nova espécie de Melanophryniscus (Anura, Bufonidae) da região dos Campos Gerais, sul do Brasil

A new species of Melanophryniscus is described from the Parque Estadual de Vila Velha, municipality of Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. The Parque Estadual de Vila Velha is located in the Campos Gerais region, an environment dominated by natural grasslands with patches of Araucaria Forest. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by its small size (12.8-14.0 mm snout-vent length in adult males) and unique color pattern of copper brown dorsum covered with small spinulose black warts; ventral surface black finely spotted with white, posterior abdomen and ventral surfaces of the forearm, hand and foot with red stains. The new species is nocturnal and breeds in the water accumulated in the leaf-axils of phytotelmata.

Morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) na região de Ponta Grossa, Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil

The diet, reproduction and activity time of bat species found in Ponta Grossa county, Campos Gerais region, were studied. Collections were conducted in four forest fragments, during 272 hours, on 48 m 2 of nets and roosting sites; the total capture effort was 1.52.10 3 h.m 2 . Eight species (247 individuals) were registered: Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818), Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810), Desmodus rotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) (Phyllostomidae); Tadarida brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819), Eumops auripendulus (Shaw, 1800) (Molossidae); Eptesicus brasiliensis (Shaw, 1800), Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821), and Histiotus velatus (I. Geoffroy, 1824) (Vespertilionidae). The Phyllostomidae family was the most frequently captured. Solanaceae, Moraceae, Piperaceae, and Rosaceae were found in the diet of frugivores; six orders of insects and the class Arachnida were found in the diets of insectivores. Pregnant females were found in September and October and lactating ones in November and December. The collection peak was reached in the second hour-and-a-half. Preservation of the regional forested and altered areas is required for survival of the local chiropterofauna.

Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in the Ponta Grossa region, Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brazil

The diet, reproduction and activity time of bat species found in Ponta Grossa county, Campos Gerais region, were studied. Collections were conducted in four forest fragments, during 272 hours, on 48 m² of nets and roosting sites; the total capture effort was 1.52.10³ h.m². Eight species (247 individuals) were registered: Artibeuslituratus (Olfers, 1818), Sturniralilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810), Desmodusrotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) (Phyllostomidae); Tadaridabrasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819), Eumopsauripendulus (Shaw, 1800) (Molossidae); Eptesicusbrasiliensis (Shaw, 1800), Myotisnigricans (Schinz, 1821), and Histiotusvelatus (I. Geoffroy, 1824) (Vespertilionidae). The Phyllostomidae family was the most frequently captured. Solanaceae, Moraceae, Piperaceae, and Rosaceae were found in the diet of frugivores; six orders of insects and the class Arachnida were found in the diets of insectivores. Pregnant females were found in September and October and lactating ones in November and December. The collection peak was reached in the second hour-and-a-half. Preservation of the regional forested and altered areas is required for survival of the local chiropterofauna.

Holocene paleoclimatic reconstruction based on the Lagoa Dourada deposits, southern Brazil

The Lagoa Dourada is a circular-shaped pond formed on the Furnas Formation (Devonian of the Parana Basin), filled by late Pleistocene - Holocene sediments. It lies in the hydrographic basin of the Guabiroba River, a tributary of the Tibagi River situated in the Campos Gerais region of the State of Parana, southern Brazil. The pond is about 200 m in diameter and the maximum water depth is 5.4 m. Geological, chemical, textural and mineralogical studies on a core sample of the sediments collected from the Lagoa Dourada, 12.2 m thick, was obtained for investigations of paleoenvironmental changes as well as to provide additional data to support previous reconstructions based on palynomorphs and diatoms. Within the period recorded in the core, the pond has been filled by sandy material introduced by springs at the northern edge of the pond as well as by muddy material brought in by floodwaters of the Guabiroba River. Thus, the sandy layers could be interpreted as evidence of drier climates with consequent diminution of fluvial overflow, but with maintenance of the sandy deposits coming from springs. The occurrence of euhedral pyrite in the sediments, locally associated with gypsum, may indicate periods of increase in the organic matter content or an increase in the water salinity, what could be related to greater evaporation under drier paleoclimate regimes. Three defined by an increase in the total carbon content of the sediments of the pond were observed. These cycles seem to correspond to an increase in the isotope ratio 13C /12C (d13C). Several hypotheses can be suggested to explain the presence of these cycles, including the alternation of wetter or drier climatic phases. The convergence of the sedimentological data obtained during this study with previous microfossil paleoclimatic (pollens and diatoms) indicators and radiocarbon dating suggests that a drier paleoclimatic phase occurred around 8720±150 years B.P. The evidence for a second drier phase in more recent times is less consistent. This subsequent phase could correspond to the drier phase in southern and southeastern Brazil between 5000 and 3000 years B.P. as suggested by other paleoclimatic studies.

CAPACIDADE DE COMBINAÇÃO DE LINHAGENS OBTIDAS PELO MÉTODO DE DIHAPLOIDIZAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO

Nove linhagens endogâmicas obtidas pelo método de dihaploidização foram submetidas a um top cross com dois testadores de base genética estreita e os híbridos simples foram avaliados em dois locais, na região dos Campos Gerais, PR. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a capacidade geral de combinação (CGC) e a capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) de linhagens obtidas pelo método de dihaploidização e verificar se elas são promissoras na obtenção de híbridos de milho comercialmente competitivos. Os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento de blocos casualizados com três repetições, incluindo duas testemunhas comerciais, sendo as duas linhagens que compõem esses híbridos comerciais utilizadas como testadores. As parcelas foram constituídas de duas linhas de 5,0 m espaçadas de 0,80 m, cuja densidade populacional de plantas era de 62.000 plantas por hectare. As variáveis avaliadas foram: rendimento de grãos, altura de planta, altura de inserção de espiga e severidade da doença ferrugem comum (Puccina sorghi). Estimaram-se os efeitos da CGC e CEC das linhagens dihaplóides. A análise conjunta de variância das variáveis estudadas mostrou efeitos altamente significativos (P<0,01) com relação à CGC das linhagens para todas as variáveis analisadas, entretanto para CGC dos testadores, efeitos significativos só foram observados para a variável rendimento de grãos e altura de inserção de espiga. O efeito significativo da capacidade específica de combinação foi manifestado apenas para altura de planta e altura de inserção de espiga. Na interação Local x Tratamentos foram verificadas diferenças altamente significativas para todas as variáveis analisadas, sendo assim, as médias obtidas em cada local foram submetidas a um teste de comparação de médias. Na interação Local x F1’s houve diferenças altamente significativas para a CGC das linhas, sendo estas somente manifestadas para as variáveis rendimento de grãos e altura de inserção de espiga. Quanto a CGC dos Testadores x Local houve efeito significativo para altura de planta e altura de inserção de espiga. Quanto a CEC x Local não houve diferença significativa (P>0,01). Esses resultados indicam influência maior dos efeitos gênicos aditivos. As linhagens apresentaram comportamento diferenciado para cada variável analisada, para CGC os maiores efeitos foram das linhagens L1, L2, L3, L4 e L7 e o efeito da CEC apresentou os maiores valores nos cruzamentos L5 x T1 para rendimento de grãos, L3 x T1, para altura de planta e L1 x T2 e para altura de inserção de espiga. A CGC dos testadores mostrou comportamento diferenciado entre as variáveis e entre os locais.

Época de aplicação de nitrogênio no milho cultivado em sucessão à aveia preta no sistema plantio direto

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de épocas de aplicação de N sobre parâmetros de rendimento de milho, cultivado em sucessão à aveia preta em plantio direto. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no ano agrícola de 1996/97 em três campos demonstrativos e experimentais pertencentes à Fundação ABC, nos Campos Gerais do Paraná. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, sendo nas parcelas a adubação na aveia (O e 30kg há-1 de N na semeadura) e nas subparcelas, as épocas de aplicação do N no milho (sem N: 30kg há-1 na semeadura + 90kg há-1 em cobertura na 6° folha: 90kg há-1 no manejo da aveia + 30kg há-1 na semeadura e; J20kg há-1 no manejo da aveia + 30kg há-1 na semeadura). Verificou-se que a adubação da aveia não influenciou o rendimento do milho. O rendimento de grãos de milho não foi afetado pela aplicação antecipada do N, normalmente utilizado em cobertura no milho.