Campo Limpo Research Articles

Diversity of the Nests of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Northern Pantanal, Brazil

Some species of wasps demonstrate plasticity with diverse nesting habits according to the environmental conditions and substrates used for building the nests, while others are restricted to habitats with specific conditions and may exhibit some degree of fide-lity. The aim of this study was to estimate species richness and abundance of nests of Polistini and Epiponini wasps in four landscape units in the Pantanal of Poconé, Retiro Novo Farm, southwestern Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The nests of social wasps were sampled in four plant physiognomies locally known as cambarazal, landizal, pombeiral and campo limpo from August 25, 2011 to April 11, 2012, being recorded 308 nests of eight genera and 14 species of social wasps. The highest number of nests belongs to Polybia ruficeps xanthops (32.69%), Poly. sericea (24.27%) and Synoeca surinama (15.21%). The highest species richness was recorded in cambarazal and the highest abundance of nests in pombeiral, while campo limpo showed the lowest richness and abundance of nests. The nests of S. surinama were associated with cambarazal and landizal (IndVal = 93.3, P = 0.001), while the nests of Poly. ruficeps xanthops and Poly. chrysothorax were associated with cambarazal, landizal and pombeiral (IndVal = 97, P = 0.001). There was lower abundance and lower species richness of wasps in campo limpo. These results demonstrate that the maintenance of forest environments in the Pantanal is essential for the establishment and maintenance of social wasp nests.

Estimates for Carbon Stocks in Soil under Humid Grassland Areas in the Federal District of Brazil

The soils that lay below humid ecosystems are characterized as being significant holders of carbon. Because of the great susceptibility of this type of environment to anthropic changes, expressive quantities of carbon stored in the soil can be released into the atmosphere. In the Cerrado biome (Brazil), only a few types of vegetation have had carbon storage levels in their soil estimated. The main purpose of this study was to obtain basic quantitative parameters for carbon storage and to identify the general aspects of soil in regions where there exists Humid Grasslands (Campo Limpo úmido), a kind of humid area phytophysiognomy found in the Cerrado. We selected 6 regions of the Federal District with this kind of vegetation formation, characterized by low anthropic impact and located either in the interior or in the proximity of specially protected areas. In each one of the sampled regions, we marked a transect with 4 equidistant points and collected material at 7 different levels of depth: 0 - 5, 5 - 10, 10 - 20, 20 - 30, 30 - 40, 40 - 50 and 50 - 60 cm. We obtained 168 samples, with 84 related to Humid Grassland areas in gleysols and 84 samples related to areas in plinthosols—types of soil dominant in this environment. We determined the texture, bulk density and concentration of nitrogen and carbon at each depth. The average concentration of carbon for Humid Grassland areas was 55.19 g.kg-1, with an average of 61.65 g.kg-1 for Gleysols and 48.73 g.kg-1 for Plinthosols. The soil samples displayed distinct textural differences between gleysols and plinthosols. There were no significant differences in soil density (0.75 kg.dm-3 for Gleysols and 0.72 kg.dm-3 for Plinthosols). The average concentration of nitrogen was 20.66 g.kg-1, with 23.98 g.kg-1 for Gleysols and 17.34 g.kg-1 for Plinthosols. The average carbon storage for Humid Grassland areas, down to 60 cm deep, was 244.17 mg C ha-1 and the total estimated stock for these areas in the Federal District was 206.71 Gg.C. In general, the samples obtained in gleysols showed a carbon content and nitrogen level superior to those in plinthosols, although a greater sampling effort is needed to confirm the differences observed. The density values of stored carbon in the soil beneath Humid Grassland areas proved to be superior to those values observed for other types of vegetation typical for the Cerrado environment.

The Campo Limpo System Reverse Logistics for Empty Containers of Crop Protection Products

The Campo Limpo System Reverse Logistics for Empty Containers of Crop Protection Products

Estudo retrospectivo de casos caninos de leishmaniose atendidos na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil (1997-2007)

Leishmaniasis is zoonosis caused by pleomorphic protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The spread of the disease in Brazil lead to this retrospective survey of canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed at the Service of Dermatology and Medical Clinics of the Small Animal Hospital-USP. We evaluated the records of 36 dogs naturally infected with Leishmania sp, which diagnosis included disease characterization during anamnesis, physical and dermatologic examination, hematology, biochemistry, imaging, serology (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay – ELISA and/or Indirect Fluorescent Reaction – RIFI), skin histopathology and/or agent isolation from aspiration biopsy samples of lymph nodes and/or bone marrow, and immunohistochemistry. All cases were allochtonous without gender predilection; 52.8% were 13 to 48 months old, with greater occurrence in pure breed dogs (66,7%), mostly Poodles and Labradors (20.8% each). Regarding origin: Campinas, Campo Limpo Paulista, Holambra, Ilha Bela, São Roque, Sorocaba, Ubatuba and Uberaba (one case / city). The remaining 28 cases from the State of São Paulo were located in cities with reported canine-human transmission (Araçatuba – three, Bauru – one), intra-canine transmission (Cotia – five, Embu – four) or cities under investigation (São Paulo – 11, Mogi das Cruzes – one). Portugal (one) and Minas Gerais (Belo Horizonte – two) reported caninehuman transmission. Prior to the leishmaniasis development dogs remained for short or long periods in 14 cities in the State of São Paulo (Araçatuba, Birigui, Caraguatatuba, Cotia, Eldorado, Embu e Embu Guaçu, Guarujá, Ilha Bela, Itapecerica da Serra, Peruíbe, Presidente Prudente, São Roque and São Paulo) and five other Brazilian States (Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina. Most animals were oligosymptomatic (50%), 47.2% symptomatic and 2.8% asymptomatic.

Association of breastfeeding, pacifier use, breathing pattern and malocclusions in preschoolers

To evaluate the association of breastfeeding duration, pacifier use and nasal air flow with occlusal disorders among children. This cross-sectional observational study included 138 children aged 4 and 5 years selected in all the daycare centers of the city of Campo Limpo Paulista, Brazil. Questionnaires were applied to mothers to identify total duration of exclusive breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking. The independent variables were: Sucking (pacifier, bottle, finger), breastfeeding duration and nasal air flow. The dependent variables were: Open bite, crossbite, overjet, overbite, diastema and maxillary deficiency. Frequency distribution calculations were performed, a chi-square test, the Fisher exact test and, after that, stepwise logistic regression were used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at 5%. The use of a pacifier was the most deleterious factor and increased chances of having open bite in 33.3 times, marked overjet in 2.77 times and posterior crossbite in 5.26 times. There was a significant association between non-nutritive sucking, particularly the use of a pacifier, and occlusal disorders. These findings are important to plan the treatment of preschoolers.

Rede de infarto com supradesnivelamento de ST: sistematização em 205 casos diminui eventos clínicos na rede pública

The major cause of death in the city of São Paulo (SP) is cardiac events. At its periphery, in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction is estimated to range between 15% and 20% due to difficulties inherent in large metropoles. To describe in-hospital mortality in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) of patients admitted via ambulance or peripheral hospitals, which are part of a structured training network (STEMI Network). Health care teams of four emergency services (Ermelino Matarazzo, Campo Limpo, Tatuapé and Saboya) of the periphery of the city of São Paulo and advanced ambulances of the Emergency Mobile Health Care Service (abbreviation in Portuguese, SAMU) were trained to use tenecteplase or to refer for primary angioplasty. A central office for electrocardiogram reading was used. After thrombolysis, the patient was sent to a tertiary reference hospital to undergo cardiac catheterization immediately (in case of failed thrombolysis) or in 6 to 24 hours, if the patient was stable. Quantitative and qualitative variables were assessed by use of uni- and multivariate analysis. From January 2010 to June 2011, 205 consecutive patients used the STEMI Network, and the findings were as follows: 87 anterior wall infarctions; 11 left bundle-branch blocks; 14 complete atrioventricular blocks; and 14 resuscitations after initial cardiorespiratory arrest. In-hospital mortality was 6.8% (14 patients), most of which due to cardiogenic shock, one hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident, and one bleeding. The organization in the public health care system of a network for the treatment of STEMI, involving diagnosis, reperfusion, immediate transfer, and tertiary reference hospital, resulted in immediate improvement of STEMI outcomes.

Spatial distribution of tropical wetlands in Central Brazil as influenced by geological and geomorphological settings

Tropical wetlands in Central Brazil are located in savanna areas and are made up of more terrestrial-type wetlands – campo limpo úmido (grassland-type savanna), campo sujo úmido (shrub-type savanna), mata galeria (riverine forest); as well as more aquatic-type wetlands – vereda (valley-side marsh with palm groves of Mauritia flexuosa), várzea (backswamp), lake, and river. They are regulated by a seasonal climatic regime characterized by a wet-rainy season from October to March and then followed by a dry season. Underground water is abundant and rivers frequently overflow during the rainy season. Many of these wetlands which are protected by law are significant regulators of water quality. In order to predict tropical wetland function and draw up environmental management policies, it is important to understand how abiotic and biotic factors influence tropical wetland origin and spatial distribution. In this large-scale study we set out to investigate the influence that geological and geormorphological settings, i.e. geological substrates and geomorphological units, have on the spatial distribution of tropical wetlands in Central Brazil. Two watersheds, the Caiapó and Piracanjuba, were selected in order to carry out the study. They present different types of rock and unconsolidated surface materials. Planation surface, escarpment and steep slope, gentle slope, and aggradation are the dominant geomorphological units in the watersheds. Principal component analysis was conducted in order to determine the influence of the selected abiotic variables on the spatial distribution of tropical wetlands. The study showed that the presence of sedimentary and low-grade metamorphic rocks and planation surface strongly influence the spatial distribution of the more terrestrial-type wetlands. Geological and geomorphological settings explain about 60% of the variability in the spatial distribution of these wetland types. No clear effect of the abiotic variables selected was observed on the more aquatic-type wetlands. An association between stratified layers or planar geological surfaces, groundwater discharge zones, and slope breaks is suggested to explain the influence of the geological and geomorphological settings on the wetlands under review. The study demonstrated the importance of considering abiotic factors, not usually included in classification schemes, to further understand the spatial distribution of tropical wetlands.

Subtle Land‐Use Change and Tropical Biodiversity: Dung Beetle Communities in Cerrado Grasslands and Exotic Pastures

ABSTRACTAlthough many tropical savannas are highly influenced by humans, the patterns of biodiversity loss in these systems remain poorly understood. In particular, the biodiversity consequences of replacing native grasslands with exotic pastures have not been studied. Here we examine how the conversion of the native savanna grasslands affects dung beetle communities. Our study was conducted in 14 native (grassland:campo limpo), and 21 exotic (Urochloaspp. monoculture) pastures in Carrancas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We collected 4996 dung beetle individuals from 66 species: 3139 individuals from 50 species in native pastures and 1857 individuals from 55 species in the exotic pastures. Exotic pastures had lower dung beetle richness, abundance and biomass than native pastures. Species composition between the two pasture types was significantly different and exotic pastures were dominated by few abundant species. Indicator species analysis detected 16 species indicators of native pastures and three of exotic pastures, according to relative abundance and frequency in each pasture system. Our results show that the conversion of native pastures to exotic pastures leads to a predictable loss of local species richness, increasing dominance and changes in species composition. These results highlight the importance of maintaining native pastures in the Cerrado agro‐pastoral landscape.Abstract in Portuguese is available athttp://www.blackwell‐synergy.com/loi/btp.

Mamíferos não voadores (Mammalia) da Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins

A comunidade de mamíferos terrestres foi amostrada em três localidades (1-Mateiros, TO; 2- Rio da Conceição, TO e 3- Formosa do Rio Preto, BA) no interior da Estação Ecológica Serra Geral do Tocantins. Para o registro dos marsupiais e pequenos roedores foram utilizadas armadilhas convencionais (5.396 armadilhas.noite) e armadilhas de queda (5.300 pitfalls.noite) nas diferentes fitofisionomias encontradas, entre elas: campo úmido, campo limpo, campo sujo, campo cerrado, cerrado sensu stricto, cerrado com afloramentos rochosos, mata de galeria e mata de galeria úmida. No caso dos mamíferos de médio e grande porte, foram obtidos registros casuais através de observação direta e evidências indiretas (rastros, fezes, crânios e carcaças de animais encontrados mortos). Foram amostradas 24 espécies de pequenos mamíferos e 17 espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, totalizando 41 espécies para a região. Considerando-se os pequenos mamíferos, a comunidade foi representada por várias espécies raras e de abundância intermediária, e poucas espécies muito abundantes. Os roedores cricetídeos dominaram tanto em número de espécies (14) quanto em abundância (50% da comunidade). As espécies se distribuíram, basicamente, em dois tipos de fisionomias: um grupo esteve restrito aos ambientes florestais, e outro às formações abertas, demonstrando a grande seletividade de hábitats e a importância de se amostrar o mosaico de hábitats presente na região para uma melhor caracterização da diversidade deste grupo de mamíferos. Em termos biogeográficos, a fauna de pequenos mamíferos amostrada apresentou certa sobreposição com a fauna da Caatinga e da Amazônia, evidenciando a importância destes domínios para a composição de espécies das comunidades que habitam a porção norte do Cerrado, além da presença de espécies endêmicas e de distribuição geográfica restrita ao norte do domínio, caracterizando uma comunidade distinta de outras regiões do Cerrado. Em relação aos mamíferos de médio e grande porte, a presença de um elevado número de espécies ameaçadas de extinção (10) também ressalta a importância da preservação desta região.

O cerrado não é um bioma

É importante definirmos corretamente um termo, porque pode haver implicações práticas e imediatas. Dois conceitos importantes para serem definidos acuradamente são os de "cerrado" e de "bioma". Da maneira como vem sendo usado no Brasil, o conceito de bioma adquiriu erroneamente uma conotação florística. Na verdade, o conceito de bioma é similar ao de formação vegetal, mas leva em conta a associação da vegetação com a fauna e com os microrganismos. Assim, por um lado, o conceito de bioma é fisionômico e funcional, isto é, levam-se em conta a aparência geral da vegetação e aspectos como os ritmos de crescimento e reprodução; por outro, o conceito não é florístico, isto é, a afinidade taxonômica das espécies que aparecem em várias unidades de um mesmo bioma é irrelevante. Para sermos coerentes com toda a literatura internacional e usarmos o conceito de bioma acuradamente, devemos considerar o cerrado sensu lato como formado por três biomas: o campo tropical (campo limpo), a savana (campo sujo, campo cerrado e cerrado sensu stricto) e a floresta estacional (cerradão).

Desenvolvimento Local Sustentável: Projeto de Novos Modos Socioprodutivos e de Sistemas Alternativos de Produção e Emprego

A diagnosis was developed in the context social and environmental of the city Campo Limpo Paulista and region, for the creation of an incubator destined for the development of social entrepreneurs and technical support to the businessmen of the small sized company. Was based on empirical research carried out in accordance with grounded theory. The present survey there was consulted residents of the region, tourists and made an inventory of the infrastructure of native resources, cultural, historical, economic and social of the city. The results of the inquiry provided subsidies to the projection of the local sustainable development, centered in the creation of a social incubator, of installment of technical services to the entrepreneurs of the region.

The Snake Assemblage of Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades State of Piauí, Brazil

ABSTRACT. We describe the composition, abundance and some natural history aspects of the snake community of Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PNSC), Municipality of Piracuruca, State of Piaui, northeastern Brazil, and compare its composition with those of nine other localities in Brazil. We used three sampling methods: time-constrained search, pitfall traps with drift fence and incidental encounters, and recorded 87 snakes, belonging to five families (Boidae, Colubridae, Dipsadidae, Elapidae, Viperidae), 18 genera and 24 species. The dominant species was Thamnodynastes sp. A (13.1%), followed by Oxyrhopus trigeminus and Micrurus ibiboboca (10.3%). There was a predominance of terrestrial species and those with diurnal activity. The typical cerrado showed the greatest species richness, and the lowest richness were recorded in the campo limpo (grasslands) and cerrado rupestre (rocky grasslands). Species composition of the PNSC community was more similar to those of the Cerrado-Caatinga transition zone and the...

Um sarau para o povo

At Campo Limpo district, in São Paulo suburbs, from time to time an event happens and its trade‑mark is the freedom that all participants have to show, listen and learn more and moreabout poetry, music and several cultural events. Binho´s Soirée brings together people from different neighborhoods andsurrounding towns interested in cultivating culture – giving origin, moreover, to movements that spread to other parts of the state. In this testimony, the founder responsible for the Soirée tells a little about his experiences with reading and poetry, which knew more willingly than by formal education and tells how to cultivateand stand out the culture that arises in unusual places in the city.

Evaluation on the effectiveness of actions for controlling infestation by rodents in Campo Limpo region, São Paulo Municipality, Brazil

Rodents are responsible for the transmission of more than 60 diseases both to human beings and to domestic animals. The increase in rodent infestation in a given area brings several health problems to the nearby population. Thus, when infestation increases, it is time to take intervention measures. Although many countries have implemented programs aimed at controlling rodent infestation, literature on studies evaluating the effectiveness of intervention measures in urban areas is scarce. Aimed at contributing to the understanding of rodents' population dynamics in urban areas, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the control methods proposed by “Programa de Vigilância e Controle de Roedores do Município de São Paulo” (Program for Rodents Surveillance and Control in São Paulo Municipality), conducted on Jardim Comercial District. As a first step, a survey to assess infestation rates was conducted in 1529 dwellings located in the area studied. After that, a chemical control upon rodents was accomplished in every dwelling infested. One week and six months after completion of control measures, a new evaluation on infestation rates was carried out, in order to verify the effectiveness of the procedures taken and to estimate the re-infestation capacity. Initial infestation rate was 40.0%, and the final infestation rate, 14.4%. Therefore, the effectiveness of the control methods utilized was 63.8%. It can thus be concluded that the control methods applied were quite effective.

Environmental conditions and rodent infestation in Campo Limpo district, São Paulo municipality, Brazil

Rodents are involved in the transmission to human beings of several diseases, including liptospirosis, which shows high lethality rates in São Paulo municipality. Despite this, few studies have assessed the relationship existing between urban environmental conditions and building rodent infestation. With the purpose of clarifying this relationship, an analysis has been conducted in order to quantify the influence of environmental factors upon rodent infestation on a low-income district. Diagnosis of the environmental situation has been performed to evaluate the frequency according to which harborage, food and access sources occur, and a survey on infestation rates in 2175 dwellings in the area studied. The logistic regression analysis showed that among the environmental variables, the one that showed the closest association with rodent infestation was access; followed by harborage, and food. It was concluded that poor socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the area propitiate the occurrence of high rodent infestation rates.

RELATO DE PRÁTICA | SOHAB: um aquecedor solar de baixo custo

<p>O relato de experiência apresenta o projeto SOHAB (Sol na COHAB Adventista) que pretendeu diminuir a conta de energia dos moradores da Companhia de Habitação – COHAB Adventista do bairro do Campo Limpo, na cidade de São Paulo. Realizado na primeira edição do Programa Jovens Urbanos, o projeto possibilitou aos jovens participarem de uma oficina sobre a tecnologia e o processo de produção do aquecedor solar de baixo custo – ASBC. Os jovens, por meio do SOHAB, mobilizaram os moradores para o uso de novas tecnologias de geração de energia e instalaram aquecedores solares em três residências.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

RELATO DE PRÁTICA | Projeto Caju: como formar bons artesãos

<p>O relato de prática descreve o Projeto Cooperativa Artesanal dos Jovens Urbanos (CAJU), desenvolvido no âmbito do Programa Jovens Urbanos. A CAJU teve como objetivo gerar trabalho e renda na região do Jardim Mitsutani, em Campo Limpo, periferia da Zona Sul São Paulo. Os jovens envolvidos no projeto mobilizaram talentos para o ensino e a produção de artesanato, estabeleceram parcerias e conquistaram espaço para aprendizagem e troca de experiências.</p>

Species-environment relationship in the herb-subshrub layer of a moist Savanna site, Federal District, Brazil

The soils are seasonally or permanently saturated in the moist grassland savanna, locally known as Campo Limpo Umido. Soil moisture variation seems to determine spatial distribution of communities. The objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between environmental variables and the patterns of spatial distribution of species in the herbaceous-subshrub layer of an area of moist grassland at the Agua Limpa Farm, Brasília, DF (15 degrees 56' to 15 degrees 59' S and 47 degrees 55' to 47 degrees 58' W Gr.). An area of 400 x 400 m was divided into four sections of 200 x 200 m where four transects were randomly sampled. A line intercept method was adopted for the phytossociological study. Superficial soils samples (0-20 cm) were collected for chemical and textural analyses. Gravimetric soil moisture was measured quarterly during the study-year. A total of 85 species in 67 genera and 24 families were found. The diversity was high, Shannon's index, H', was 2.60 nats.cover(-1). Floristic composition of the transects in soils with a high gravimetric soil moisture and high content of organic matter and sand differed from those transects in soils with a lower gravimetric soil moisture indicating seasonal variation. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed significant correlations between soil texture and soil moisture features and species distribution. Gravimetric soil moisture, organic matter, clay, silt and sand were significantly correlated to species distribution in the moist grassland determining mosaics in the vegetation.

FLORISTICS OF THE HERBACEOUS AND SUBSHRUB LAYER OF A MOIST GRASSLAND IN THE CERRADO BIOSPHERE RESERVE (ALTO PARAÍSO DE GOIÁS), BRAZIL

The floristic composition of campo limpo úmido, a moist savanna grassland vegetation of the cerrado biome, is still little described, even though its herbs and subshrubs form a major component of the cerrado vegetation. The objective of this study was to characterize the floristic richness of the herbaceous and subshrub layer of a moist grassland at the Água Fria Farm, Alto Paraíso, Goiás State (14°04′8.83″S, 47°30′33.1″W). The principal use of such grasslands is to graze cattle; in addition, local people collect vast numbers of selected species of wild plants to sell for the decorative dried plant trade, or for their medicinal qualities. Little is known, however, about the sustainability of this extractivism. A survey of a 21 ha area, with intensive quarterly collections of herbarium specimens, was made from April 2000 to March 2001. Despite the small size of the study site it proved to be very rich floristically. A total of 207 species in 90 genera and 33 families was registered in the area. Thirty-one species not yet recorded in the checklist of the flora of the cerrado biome were found in this study, plus three that seem to be new to science. The richest families were Cyperaceae (30 species), Poaceae (28), Xyridaceae (23), Eriocaulaceae (20), Asteraceae (18), and Orchidaceae and Melastomataceae with 10 species each. These results suggest the need for more research on the moist grassland to provide overall estimates for the plant species richness of this widespread vegetation type and as a basis to help guide conservation and management policies.

Factors determining the habitat of Drosera sessilifolia in the humid zone of the Brazilian Cerrado

Drosera sessilifolia, a tiny carnivorous plant whose adult size is around 3 cm, sometimes inhabits the humid zone known as the “campo limpo umido” in the Brazilian Cerrado region. D. sessilifolia rarely occurs in the swampy area along the stream in this region; however, its occurrence is expected to decline with agricultural development. In the present study, we examined the factors determining the habitat and growth of D. sessilifolia in the campo limpo umido as well as how these factors have been modified by agricultural developments. Our survey suggests that the growth of D. sessilifolia is greatly influenced by light in areas where sufficient soil moisture is available. The light environment at the edge of a track constructed for reasons of agricultural development is in fact more suitable for D. sessilifolia than that found in the areas formerly inhabited by it. However, soon after construction, the artificial habitat may be occupied by tall-growing plants. In the former habitat of D. sessilifolia, the amount of accumulated litter and the size of the submerged spot also influenced its growth. In order to conserve short-growing plants, like D. sessilifolia in the plant community, the accompanying tall-growing dominant grasses should be controlled by periodic human disturbance.