Successful Campaign Research Articles

THE IMAGE OF THE ENEMY IN THE KAZAN CHRONICLE

The article focuses on the analysis of the enemy image, one of the aspects of the “war as a divine mission” concept, in the Kazan Chronicle. The capture of Kazan required not only political, but also religious, Christian justification. The author of the Kazan Chronicle unfolds a retrospective interpretation of the events of 1552, fitting the successful campaign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible into a broad historical context. However, the goal of the nameless author is not so much to restore the chronology and achieve historical accuracy. More important is the ideological component of the text, in which a reader should see the greatness of the feat of his compatriots, who surpassed the evil, insidious, inhumane enemy. The description of the military conquest should convince that this battle was blessed by God, that it served the good purpose of defending Orthodoxy. The article shows the ambivalence of the enemy image in the Kazan Chronicle. The enemy is hateful and disgusting, but his bravery, courage, and military training inspire respect. The positive characteristics of Kazan citizens, as noted in the article, serve the purpose of showing the greatness of victory over a strong enemy.

Impact of Social Media Platform on Audience Engagement

In today’s dynamic film industry, social media platforms have emerged as game changers for movie marketing and audience engagement techniques. This study digs into the tremendous impact of social media on audience involvement, analyzing both the challenges and triumphs of using these platforms for film promotion with the growth of platforms such as Instagram and YouTube, film studios now have unparalleled potential to engage consumers through captivating content, influencer collaborations, and data-driven campaigns. However, navigating the ever-changing Social media world presents substantial hurdles, such as algorithm updates, content saturation, and the need for ongoing innovation. This study investigates the distinct features and capabilities of various social media platforms, as well as their usefulness in increasing audience engagement for movie marketing. It looks at how user-generated material, interactive experiences, and community- building might help moviegoers develop long-term loyalty and advocacy. The report also digs into the challenges encountered by cinema marketers, such as maintaining a consistent brand presence across different platforms, adjusting to evolving trends and technology, and optimizing audience- centric strategies using social media analytics and data-driven insights. This study aims to uncover best practices and actionable insights for film studios looking to maximize audience engagement and propel their promotional efforts to new heights by examining case studies of successful movie marketing campaigns and analyzing the strategies used by industry leaders. Finally, this study adds to a better knowledge of the impact of social media platforms on audience engagement in the film business. paving the way for more effective and imaginative movie marketing techniques that appeal to digital consumers.

Backfire: the settler-colonial logic and legacy of Smokey Bear

ABSTRACT Since the 1940s, the United States Forest Service’s (USFS) national fire suppression efforts have been bolstered by a public-facing ad campaign led by the Ad Council, most notably through the iconic rise of Smokey Bear. The consequences of decades of strict fire suppression, promulgated and solidified by this highly successful campaign, have been ecologically disastrous, and especially detrimental for fire-dependent Indigenous communities and ecosystems. Scholars have examined the Smokey campaign’s racialized, nationalist discourse, yet none have grappled with the campaign’s settler colonial logic, itself replete with gendered exclusion and speciesism. In this article, we combine intersectional theoretical frameworks with settler colonial and Indigenous studies to carry out a systematic content analysis of 201 unique campaign documents. We demonstrate how the campaign’s production of the careful citizen – one rooted in mid-to-upper class, settler masculinity – hinges on interlocking narratives of Indigenous erasure, low-class criminality, and the helpless victimhood of women and more-than-human species.

Sun exposure and protection habits: Self-reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours.

As exposure to UV radiation is the primary modifiable environmental risk factor associated with skin cancer, it remains the principal focus of most prevention strategies. Numerous sun protection campaigns have been implemented worldwide; however, their impact on the actual incidence and mortality rates of skin cancer seems to be limited. To create successful skin cancer prevention campaigns, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of individuals' attitudes and behaviours regarding sun protection. The aim of the current study was to determine and report on the prevalence of self-reported attitudes, knowledge and behaviours regarding two of the major sun protection recommendations-avoidance of sun exposure and use of sunscreens-in an international representative sample across five continents. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 countries using a web-based online survey. A total of 50,552 individuals, comprising 25,388 men (50.22%) and 25,164 women (49.78%), participated in the survey. Among them, 83.2% reported having been voluntarily exposed to the sun (for sun-basking reasons) at least once in the last 12 months, and 47.96% acknowledged being exposed to the sun between the hours of 10 AM and 4 PM. The primary reason for non-adherence was that these hours were the most convenient times (32.28%). Only 24.05% reported applying sunscreen every 2 h when outdoors. Forgetfulness was the primary reason as provided by 27.79% of participants. Males and older age groups were less likely to adopt sun-protective behaviours around the world. Forgetfulness and the challenges posed by time constraints seem to be the biggest barriers to proper adherence. These findings should prompt the collaboration with health authorities and the manufacturers to enhance adherence by setting reasonable sunscreen prices and creating formulations that make their application less burdensome.

Exploring landscape of measles vaccination coverage: A step towards measles elimination goal in India

IntroductionMeasles remains a critical public health concern causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. Despite the success of measles vaccination programs, challenges persist, particularly in India. This study investigates dose-wise measles vaccination coverage and explores gaps in immunization focusing on zero-dose, one-dose, and two-dose coverage among children aged 24–35 months. Data sources and methodologyThe National Family Health Survey 2019–21 (NFHS-5) served as the data source and the study analyzed information from 43,864 children aged 24–35 months. Sociodemographic variables such as birth order, wealth quintile, gender, social group, religion, residence, mother education, delivery-related factors, and media exposure were considered. Statistical analysis involved weighted estimates, chi-square tests, and multivariate multinomial logistic regression. ResultsThe study revealed that challenges persist in achieving optimal measles vaccination coverage. Analysis by sociodemographic factors highlighted disparities in coverage, with variations in zero dose prevalence across states and districts. The percentage of zero-dose children was significantly higher, with 11.5% of children in India remaining to receive any measles vaccination. Factors influencing vaccine coverage include birth order, age, wealth quintile, social group, religion, residence, maternal education, place of delivery, media exposure, and mode of delivery. The findings from the spatial analysis show the clustering of zero-dose children is high in the northeastern states of India. DiscussionMeasles zero-dose children pose a significant obstacle to achieving elimination goals. Spatial analysis identifies clusters of unvaccinated populations guiding targeted interventions. The study aligns with global initiatives such as the Immunization Agenda 2030 emphasizing equitable vaccine access and discusses how India can tailor its strategies to achieve the goal. Lessons from polio eradication efforts inform strategies for measles elimination, stressing the importance of high-quality data and surveillance. The study underscores the urgency of addressing last-mile measles vaccination gaps in India. Spatially targeted interventions informed by sociodemographic factors can enhance immunization coverage. Achieving measles elimination requires sustained efforts and leveraging lessons from successful vaccination campaigns. The study findings have the potential to contribute to informed decision-making, supporting India's roadmap for the measles and rubella elimination goal.

Enhancing COVID-19 Risk Mitigation in Bisha City Primary Schools: Investigating Teacher and Administrative Staff Awareness Through a Comprehensive Survey.

Background and aims This research investigates COVID-19 awareness among primary school teachers and staff in Bisha City. It aims to enhance safety protocols by examining knowledge, awareness levels, and demographic associations. Despite school reopening, concerns linger. The study promotes informed decision-making, fostering a safer school environment and contributing to the well-being of the educational community. Methods In an institutional-based cross-sectional study among primary school teachers and administrative staff in Bisha City, our research aimed to comprehensively evaluate awareness regarding specific measures for minimizing COVID-19 risks. With a sample size of 348 participants, we employed a robust methodology, including online questionnaires addressing sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge about COVID-19 risks. The data collection period spanned from March 2022 to December 2023, providing a temporal context for responses. A pilot test ensured questionnaire clarity, and efforts were made to enhance reliability and validity, incorporating validated scales and iterative adjustments based on feedback. Non-response or incomplete responses were handled transparently, with sensitivity analyses to assess potential impact. The awareness level was measured using 17 Likert scale questions, and predefined categories (poor, moderate, and good) facilitated result interpretation. Researcher influence was minimized through training and inter-rater reliability checks. Confidentiality and anonymity were rigorously maintained, adhering to ethical considerations. Statistical analyses employed frequency tables, percentages, mean, standard deviations, and the chi-square test. Dissemination included academic publications, reports to the educational directorate, and presentations at conferences. This holistic approach contributes to the robustness and societal impact of our study, offering insights into COVID-19 awareness among educators in Bisha City. Results In this study assessing awareness among teachers and administrative staff in Bisha City regarding COVID-19 risk minimization, data from 348 respondents revealed key bio-demographic characteristics. The majority demonstrated good knowledge of environmental (83%) and personal hygiene risks (84%). The chi-square test indicated no significant associations between bio-demographic factors and awareness levels. Specifically, for age groups, χ²(4, N = 348) = 5.46, p = 0.707; for gender, χ²(1, N = 348) = 1.95, p = 0.744; for educational levels, χ²(4, N = 348) = 2.13, p = 0.995; for residency, χ²(1, N = 348) = 1.11, p = 0.892; and for job types, χ²(3, N = 348) = 8.30, p = 0.404. The absence of significant associations underscores the potential universality of successful awareness campaigns, suggesting that future efforts can maintain an inclusive approach without tailoring messages. These results emphasize the importance of sustained awareness efforts across the diverse demographic spectrum of the educational community. Conclusion This study reveals robust COVID-19 awareness among primary school teachers and staff in Bisha City, with no significant demographic associations. Successful, inclusive awareness campaigns can further enhance safety measures and promote well-being in the educational community.

Computational Video Analysis on the Performance of Indian Football Team in World Cup Qualifiers 2026

The rise of Indian football has been gradual yet consistent. The journey for the Blue Tigers in World Cup Qualifying matches has been challenging thus far. The Indian Men's Football Team experienced their first taste of World Cup Qualifying matches in 1985 for the 1986 FIFA World Cup. Their debut match in the qualifying round resulted in a 2-1 loss against Indonesia. They skipped the 1990 World Cup Qualifiers but returned for the 1994 edition. So far, India has played 48 World Cup qualifiers and won 10 games. Their most successful campaign was the 2002 World Cup Qualifiers, where the Blue Tigers earned 11 points in six games, as per an Indian Super League (ISL) press release. India has been doing well so far in the 2026 world cup qualifiers. While football remains as the most popular sport in the world, there is a lack of understanding of the many components, or parameters, in a match that can lead to an overall successful season. Knowing how to adjust a team’s tactics based on several key parameters may provide coaches with the tools necessary to create a successful outcome. This project aims to study the performance of Team India in World Cup Qualifiers 2026 through dartfish video analysis which provides information through statistical data resulting in a better outcome.

Textual sentiment analysis and description characteristics in crowdfunding success: The case of cybersecurity and IoT industries

Crowdfunding platforms offer entrepreneurs the opportunity to evaluate their technologies, validate their market, and raise funding. Such platforms also provide technologies with an opportunity to rapidly transition from research to market, which is especially crucial in fast-changing industries. In this study, we investigated how the sentiments expressed in the text of the project campaigns and project characteristics influence the success of crowdfunding in innovative industries such as cybersecurity and the Internet of Things (IoT). We examined 657 cybersecurity and Internet of Things (IoT) projects between 2010 and 2020 that were promoted on Kickstarter and IndieGoGo, two rewards-based crowdfunding platforms. We extracted technological topic attributes that may influence project success and measured the sentiments of project descriptions using a Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner (VADER) model. We found that the sentiment of the description and the textual topic characteristics are associated with the success of funding campaigns for cybersecurity and IoT projects.

Identifying and Responding to Lead in Drinking Water in a University Setting.

Lead is an established neurotoxicant, and it has known associations with adverse neurodevelopmental and reproductive outcomes. Exposure to lead at any level is unsafe, and the United States (US) has enacted various federal and state legislations to regulate lead levels in drinking water in K-12 schools and childcare facilities; however, no regulations exist for higher education settings. Upon the discovery of lead in drinking water fixtures in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) campus, a cross-campus water testing network and sampling plan was developed and deployed. The campaign was based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) 3Ts (Training, Testing, and Taking Action) guidance. The seven-month campaign involved 5954 tests on 3825 drinking water fixtures across 265 buildings. A total of 502 (8.43%) tests showed lead above the limit of detection (1 part per billion, ppb), which represented 422 (11.03%) fixtures. Fewer than 1.5% of the tests were above the EPA action level for public water systems (15 ppb). In conclusion, systematic testing of all the fixtures across campus was required to identify localized contamination, and each entity in the cross-campus network undertook necessary roles to generate a successful testing campaign. UNC-CH established preventative measures to test drinking water fixtures every three years, which provide a framework for other higher education institutions in responding to lead contamination.

What does it mean to be aphasia aware? An international survey of stakeholder perspectives and experiences of aphasia awareness

ABSTRACT Background Over the past two decades, “aphasia awareness” has been studied across 19 countries and five continents. Despite international efforts, awareness of aphasia has remained persistently low and little consideration has been given to what it actually means to be “aphasia aware”. In order to raise awareness of aphasia, it is first necessary to understand how key stakeholders perceive the topic, and their experience of raising awareness of aphasia and the factors which may enable or hinder success. Aims To explore international stakeholder: (1) perspectives on aphasia awareness, (2) experiences of delivering aphasia awareness campaigns; and to identify (3) barriers to, and facilitators of, successful aphasia awareness raising activities. Methods & Procedures Two cross-sectional, international, online surveys were conducted. Survey 1 was conducted with people living with aphasia (PLWA: people with aphasia, family members, friends, carers). Survey 2 was conducted with people who work with PLWA (workers: clinicians, researchers, volunteers, consumer organisation representatives). The surveys contained 31 and 25 questions respectively across four topic areas: demographics, perspectives on aphasia awareness, experiences of running aphasia awareness campaigns, and barriers to, and facilitators of, raising awareness. Closed and open-ended responses were elicited. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Outcomes and Results A total of 105 PLWA and 306 workers, from 39 countries, completed the surveys. More than 90% of participants considered aphasia awareness to be “very” or “extremely important”, primarily due to the communication and information barriers faced by people with aphasia daily. Participants reported that being “aphasia aware” meant knowing: that aphasia does not affect intelligence (PLWA), and how to communicate with a person with aphasia (workers). In total, 15% of PLWA and 31% of workers reported they had previously run an aphasia awareness campaign. Barriers to campaign success included insufficient resources (e.g., funding, time) and lack of experience and specialised skills (e.g., health promotion). Key facilitators included people living with aphasia (including celebrities) sharing their stories and being key members or leaders of the campaign. Conclusions “Aphasia awareness” was considered essential by all participants. To enhance aphasia awareness misconceptions and stereotypes about communication disability must be challenged and practical education on how to communicate with a person with aphasia provided. These results lay the foundation for developing an international aphasia awareness campaign. Future research is needed to identify campaign priorities and to co-design the campaign.

اتجاهات الجمهور نحو تأثير التصميم التفاعلي على نجاح الحملات الرقمية: دراسة ميدانية

In the era of modern digital technology, digital campaigns have become an essential tool for communicating with the audience and achieving marketing and advertising goals. Digital campaigns are one of the most important means that marketers use to interact with the target audience and increase awareness and engagement with the brand or product. With the increasing importance of digital campaigns, interactive design is considered one of the main factors that affect the success of these campaigns. This study aims to identify the impact of using interactive design in advertisements on the success of digital advertising campaigns. It also aims to conduct a field study to identify the impact of the interactive design of Saudi Telecom companies’ advertisements (study sample) on the success of digital campaigns, from the perspective of the public in the eastern, western and central regions, who benefit from the services provided by these companies.

High-resolution stratigraphy and characterization of reservoir-critical heterogeneities in the giant Tupi Field, pre-salt Santos Basin, Brazil

Abstract The large oil discoveries that have occurred in recent decades in the pre-salt section of the South Atlantic sedimentary basins have promoted a significant volume of scientific research regarding the origin of these deposits. Most of the current studies of this stratigraphic interval focus on regional aspects or sedimentological and diagenetic processes. However, few studies encompass the geological characteristics of the pre-salt deposits from a reservoir-scale perspective. This work addresses the construction of a detailed reservoir-oriented stratigraphic framework for the giant Tupi Field. Discovered in 2006 following a successful exploratory campaign in the southeastern Brazilian deep-water, the Tupi Field's main reservoirs are sag-phase carbonates from the Aptian-aged Barra Velha Formation. These rocks accumulated in alkaline to highly alkaline lacustrine settings, which allowed the development of unusual syngenetic elements, such as magnesian clays, calcitic spherulites and calcitic shrubs. The reservoirs' depositional organization was essentially conditioned by climatic oscillations and tectonic activity, which controlled sedimentation rates and accommodation styles through space and time. The high-resolution stratigraphic framework established in this article supports a detailed understanding, at different scales, of the Tupi Field's sedimentological evolution and its main vertical and lateral facies distribution. These aspects have, in turn, provided essential inputs for reservoir characterization and constrained critical heterogeneities of the 3D geocellular model, even in reservoirs affected by diagenetic processes.

Research on Live Streaming Marketing Strategy of Book Products Based on the SICAS Model

Short videos and live streaming services have seen exponential growth recently, as evidenced by the "China Internet Development Status Report 2022," impacting consumer behaviors and marketing strategies considerably. Even as digital has seen tremendous success across other cultural industries, book publishing remains behind in adopting these emerging media technologies. This study explores China's emerging realm of book live streaming marketing in light of its digital transformation of the book industry. This research endeavors to address a research gap regarding effective live streaming book promotion by applying the SICAS model, an all-encompassing framework designed for analyzing consumer behavior and marketing strategies within digital context. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, consisting of an examination of existing literature, consumer and industry insights, as well as case studies of successful live streaming marketing campaigns in the book industry. This research study's findings underscore the effectiveness of SICAS model in optimizing each stage of book live streaming marketing: Sense, Interest & Interaction, Connection & Communication, Action, and Share. Research findings demonstrate that implementation of the SICAS model can significantly enhance marketing effectiveness, increase sales volume and contribute to revitalizing book industries in digital environments.

Enhancing strategic deployment of baiting transects for invasive species control – a case study for feral pig baiting in north-eastern Australia

Context Baits are used to deliver lethal or other substances in wildlife management programs across the globe. Successful baiting campaigns are contingent upon the availability of baits to target animals. Bait density is often increased in an attempt to improve bait encounter probabilities. However, this comes with a concomitant increase in cost and may result in significant bait wastage if deployed in areas of low target species activity. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness, efficiency and cost of different bait transect methods in intersecting home and core ranges of feral pigs as a case study to determine optimal spacing and placement of baiting transects. Methods The authors simulated a variety of systematically spaced aerial transects, watercourse-aligned aerial transects and ground transects along property boundaries and farm tracks, and compared them with home and core ranges of feral pigs, at two study sites in Queensland, Australia. Transect effectiveness at intersecting pig ranges was determined through beta-regression and estimated marginal means (emmeans); efficiency was considered as emmeans per unit of transect length. Key results The study found that systematically spaced aerial transects at 4 km intervals were the most efficient means of intersecting both home and core ranges of feral pigs. Additionally, no alternate transect method, either aerial or ground, provided significantly greater effectiveness at intersecting feral pig home and core ranges at these study sites. Ground transects along farm tracks and property boundaries were also between 113% and 192% more expensive than aerial transects at 4 km spaced intervals for either fixed-wing or rotary aircraft. Conclusion Systematically spaced aerial transects at 4 km intervals are among the most effective and are the most efficient means of intersecting feral pig ranges at the study sites examined. Implications Our methodology offers a blueprint for both vaccination and toxin baiting programs to assess and compare bait transect placements. More specifically for feral pig control, aerial transects with 4 km systematic spacing provide an effective and efficient means for intersecting feral pig ranges. Furthermore, additional data on bait encounter and interaction probabilities are required to determine transect effectiveness at bait uptake by the target species.

Uncovering the themes and trends in crowdfunding research using Latent Dirichlet Allocation

AbstractCrowdfunding (CF) has become a significant force in the entrepreneurial landscape, offering an innovative alternative to traditional financing channels for startups and projects. As the field expands, it is crucial to systematically analyze the existing literature to identify key themes, patterns, and emerging areas of interest. To achieve this goal, this study investigates the CF literature using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA)-based topic modeling based on 1,678 publications extracted from the Scopus database. The review reveals significant growth in CF research, with top journals spanning diverse disciplines. Eight main topics are identified, including CF campaign success and financing, donation-based CF, social effects of CF, entrepreneurial projects and rewards in CF, financial and fintech aspects of CF, CF project success and performance, P2P lending models and credit risk assessment, and equity CF and venture capital. Several research directions are suggested for each topic to advance the CF field. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. To the authors’ best knowledge, this study represents the first systematic analysis of the CF literature using the LDA approach, offering a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of this field and highlighting emerging areas of interest and potential research directions.

Sharing information about medical crowdfunding projects on social networking sites: the integration of attribution-affect model of helping and social capital theory

PurposeSharing project information is critical for the success of medical crowdfunding campaigns. However, few users share medical crowdfunding projects on their social networks, and the sharing behavior of medical crowdfunding projects on social networking sites has not been well studied. Therefore, this study explored the factors and potential mechanisms influencing users’ sharing behaviors on networking sites.Design/methodology/approachA research model was developed based on the attribution-affect model of helping and social capital theory. Data were collected using a longitudinal survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the collected data. We conducted post hoc analyses to validate the results of the quantitative analysis.FindingsThe analysis results verified the effects of perceived external attribution, perceived uncontrollable attributions, and perceived unstable attributions on sympathy and identified the effect of sympathy and social characteristics of medical crowdfunding users on sharing behavior.Originality/valueThis research provides a comprehensive theoretical understanding of users’ sharing behavior characteristics and provides implications for enhancing the efficiency of medical crowdfunding activities.

Influence marketing in social media

This article aims to comprehensively explo­re the evolving landscape of influence mar­keting, specifically focusing on its impact on brand perception and consumer engagement. Delving into influencer characteristics, the evolution of marketing strategies, and successful campaigns, the study seeks to illuminate the multifaceted dynamics that contribute to the effectiveness of influence marketing in the digital era. The analysis reveals that influence mar­keting serves as a cornerstone for building authentic connections in an era marked by digital saturation. Insights into emerging trends, such as the rise of nano-influencers and purpose-driven collaborations, underscore the pivotal role influencers play in shaping brand narratives. Innovations like virtual reality integ­ration further highlight the dynamic nature of influence marketing. The emphasis on long-form storytelling, sustainability, and genuine enga­gement reinforces the enduring importance of influencers as cultural mediators and trusted conduits between brands and consumers. The scientific novelty lies in a nuanced exploration of influence marketing, transcending traditional promotional strategies. The study delves into the psychological impact of influencer endorse­ments, the effectiveness of specific content formats, and ethical considerations surrounding virtual influencers. By addressing these dime­nsions, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of influence marketing dyna­mics, providing valuable insights for resear­chers and industry professionals alike. The prac­tical value of this research is two-fold. Firstly, it offers marketers actionable insights into navigating challenges, adapting to emer­ging trends, and refining influencer strategies. Secondly, the exploration of ethical considerations and the impact of technologies in influence marketing equips industry profess­sionals with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions, fostering responsible and effective influencer campaigns. This article encourages continuous inquiry, ensu­ring that influence marketing remains not only a dynamic force in the digital landscape but also an ethically grounded and impactful strategy for building brand connections

Next-generation sequencing survey of acute febrile illness in Senegal (2020-2022).

Acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in developing tropical and sub-tropical nations are challenging to diagnose due to the numerous causes and non-specific symptoms. The proliferation of rapid diagnostic testing and successful control campaigns against malaria have revealed that non-Plasmodium pathogens still contribute significantly to AFI burden. Thus, a more complete understanding of local trends and potential causes is important for selecting the correct treatment course, which in turn will reduce morbidity and mortality. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in a laboratory setting can be used to identify known and novel pathogens in individuals with AFI. In this study, plasma was collected from 228 febrile patients tested negative for malaria at clinics across Senegal from 2020-2022. Total nucleic acids were extracted and converted to metagenomic NGS libraries. To identify viral pathogens, especially those present at low concentration, an aliquot of each library was processed with a viral enrichment panel and sequenced. Corresponding metagenomic libraries were also sequenced to identify non-viral pathogens. Sequencing reads for pathogens with a possible link to febrile illness were identified in 51/228 specimens, including (but not limited to): Borrelia crocidurae (N = 7), West Nile virus (N = 3), Rickettsia felis (N = 2), Bartonella quintana (N = 1), human herpesvirus 8 (N = 1), and Saffold virus (N = 1). Reads corresponding to Plasmodium falciparum were detected in 19 specimens, though their presence in the cohort was likely due to user error of rapid diagnostic testing or incorrect specimen segregation at the clinics. Mosquito-borne pathogens were typically detected just after the conclusion of the rainy season, while tick-borne pathogens were mostly detected before the rainy season. The three West Nile virus strains were phylogenetically characterized and shown to be related to both European and North American clades. Surveys such as this will increase the understanding of the potential causes of non-malarial AFI, which may help inform diagnostic and treatment options for clinicians who provide care to patients in Senegal.

Impact of Campaign Bundling on the Success of Donation-Based Crowdfunding

ABSTRACT Project success is a major challenge to the sustenance of crowdfunding platforms constituted for donation. While previous studies have recognized the importance of source reputation, establishing a credible reputation remains a formidable task for project founders. This study proposes a novel idea of achieving credibility through bundling, in which crowdfunding campaigns collaborate with similar projects (project bundling) or external entities (ideological bundling). This study examines how these two bundling strategies affect crowdfunding outcomes. Further, the study explores how sources of reputation and size establish boundaries of bundling. Using data from Mchanga.com, our analysis reveals a diverse effect of collaborative fundraising on the success of donation crowdfunding. Specifically, our findings indicate that project bundling positively impacts campaign success, whereas ideological bundling has a negative effect. The study contributes to the literature on bundling, credible reputation, and collaborative fundraising on digital platforms. This research also provides insights for practitioners to successfully manage donation-based crowdfunding campaigns.

“Patriarchy … Always Plays a Role”: Gender, Politics, and the Lewis Family

The story of the Lewis family is generally told from the perspective of men: David, Stephen, and Avi; this article reorients the traditional narrative to examine the often overlooked and undervalued contributions of the women to the institutional and extra-parliamentary left in Canada. It demonstrates that, despite the barriers imposed by a patriarchal system, Sophie Lewis helped develop both the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and New Democratic Party (NDP); daughter Janet (Solberg) organized much of the Ontario wing and numerous successful election campaigns; daughter-in-law Michele (Landsberg) forced social democrats (and many others) to grapple with gender inequality; and granddaughters Ilana (Landsberg-Lewis), Jenny, and Naomi (Klein) continue to fight publicly for social justice around the world. It argues that these women, and many others, deserve recognition for their important work in Canadian politics and society.