Campaign Plans Research Articles

Shining a Light in a Dark Corner: Does EDGAR Search Activity Reveal the Strategically Leaked Plans of Activist Investors?

AbstractWe provide evidence of a network of information flow between activists and other investors prior to 13D filings. We match EDGAR search activity to investor IP addresses, identifying specific investors who persistently download information on an individual activist’s campaign targets in the days prior to that activist’s 13D disclosures. This outside investor’s knowledge of pending activist campaign plans seems to benefit both parties: the informed investor, unnamed in the 13D, increases its holdings in the targeted stock prior to the price surge upon 13D disclosure, while the activist earns voting support that increases their likelihood of pursuing and winning a proxy fight.

Perceived Satisfaction With a Student-Run Agency Service Learning Project: A Client Perspective

A number of marketing and marketing communication service learning (SL) projects/student-run agencies (SRAs) are used to provide real clients with valuable services, resources, knowledge and many other benefits. However, most research only examines the student benefits, so this research addresses the research gap by considering the community partner (small business client) perspective. The main research objectives are to establish if SRA developed integrated marketing communication (IMC) campaign plans result in satisfaction regarding the business performance, presentation and implementation methods. The South African small business clients were highly satisfied with the SRA developed IMC campaign plans. Several business performance benefits were highlighted, for example, increased sales, brand awareness and new customers. The small business clients showed increased satisfaction when the IMC campaign plan was implemented by the SRAs, and presented in verbal, written and PowerPoint formats. Hence, this SL project should continue and could be expanded to other universities and countries.

Становлення Генерального штабу РСЧА як основного планувального та організувального центру Верховного Головнокомандування у Другій світовій війні

Метою статті є аналіз процесу становлення Генерального штабу як основного планувального та організувального центру, та водночас органу оперативного керівництва Верховного Головнокомандування в ході Другої світової війни, зокрема, на основі дослідження документів та матеріалів, опублікованих в серії збірників «Руський Архів. Червона серія». Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на поєднанні загальнонаукових (аналізу, синтезу, узагальнення) та спеціально-історичних (історико-генетичного, історико-типологічного, історико-системного) методів з методами історизму, системності, науковості та верифікації. Наукова новизна роботи полягає в тому, що автор використовує ще практично невідомі дослідникам матеріали збірників «Руський Архів. Червона серія», які містять унікальні документи, що демонструють процес становлення та діяльність Генерального штабу РСЧА, систему збору даних та оцінки обстановки, планування операцій, їх підготовки та ведення. Висновки. Аналіз документів збірників дає можливість сформувати чітке уявлення про особливості становлення та роботи Генерального штабу. Про те, як з кожним місяцем удосконалювався процес отримання інформації, її обробка, аналіз та як вироблявся ритм роботи, продиктований війною. Свідченням цього є постійне підвищення його ролі в розробці планів кампаній, стратегічних та фронтових операцій, підготовці та використанні резервів, координація зусиль груп фронтів. Значною була роль Генштабу вже у підготовці та плануванні контрудару, а потім і контрнаступу під Москвою. Особливе значення мало своєчасне створення резервних армій, – збереження таємниці зосередження їх у важливих районах, організація взаємодії між фронтами. Саме це, як видно зі змісту документів, і зумів належно організувати Генштаб. Та водночас через припущені Верховним Головнокомандуванням Червоної Армії серйозні прорахунки сповна реалізувати досягнуті результати не вдалося, а загальний наступ на всіх стратегічних напрямках був через це приречений на невдачу.

Toward Meeting the Challenges of Improving Cardiovascular Health in Egypt.

Toward Meeting the Challenges of Improving Cardiovascular Health in Egypt.

Include ‘Bold Ideas’ in Your Campaign Plans

The Major Gifts ReportVolume 22, Issue 10 p. 5-5 Campaign Funding Ideas Include ‘Bold Ideas’ in Your Campaign Plans First published: 03 September 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/mgr.31571Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume22, Issue10October 2020Pages 5-5 RelatedInformation

Single machine campaign planning under sequence dependent family setups and co-production

We investigate tactical level production planning problem in process industries, with float glass manufacturing being the specific application domain. In the presence of high sequence dependent family setup costs, the need for planning production in batches, or campaigns as named in the float glass industry, arises. Moreover, the float glass manufacturing has some unique properties such as partially controllable co-production and uninterruptible production. The motivation of our work is a real life problem encountered at a major float glass manufacturing company in Turkey. We develop two mixed integer programming formulations and investigate some variants to solve the problem. Our formulations are capable of handling different resolutions in input data such as demand forecast expressed in discrete time and setup durations expressed in continuous time. We compare formulations both theoretically and by running computational experiments. Furthermore, we conduct additional experiments to gain insights about characteristics of the generated campaign plans from a business perspective.

Shining a Light in a Dark Corner: EDGAR Search Activity Reveals the Strategically Leaked Plans of Activist Investors

We provide evidence of a network of information flow between activists and other investors prior to 13D filings. We match EDGAR search activity to investor IP addresses, identifying specific investors who persistently download information on an individual activist’s campaign targets in the days prior to that activist’s 13D disclosures. This apparent leaking of activist campaign plans seems to benefit both parties: the informed investor, unnamed in the 13D, increases its holdings in the targeted stock prior to the price surge upon 13D disclosure, while the activist earns voting support that increases their likelihood of pursuing and winning a proxy fight.

Orienteering for electioneering

In this paper, we introduce a combinatorial optimization problem that models the investment decision a political candidate faces when treating his or her opponents’ campaign plans as given. Our formulation accounts for both the time cost of traveling between districts and the time expended while campaigning within districts. We describe a polynomial-time algorithm that computes a (2+ϵ)-approximation to the optimal solution of a discrete version of our problem by reducing the problem to another combinatorial optimization problem known as Orienteering.

Analysis of vaccination campaign effectiveness and population immunity to support and sustain polio elimination in Nigeria.

BackgroundThe world is closer than ever to a polio-free Africa. In this end-stage, it is important to ensure high levels of population immunity to prevent polio outbreaks. Here, we introduce a new method of assessing vaccination campaign effectiveness and estimating immunity at the district-level. We demonstrate how this approach can be used to plan the vaccination campaigns prospectively to better manage population immunity in Northern Nigeria.MethodsUsing Nigerian acute flaccid paralysis surveillance data from 2004–2014, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model of campaign effectiveness and compared it to lot-quality assurance sampling data. We then used reconstructed sero-specific population immunity based on campaign history and compared district estimates of immunity to the occurrence of confirmed poliovirus cases.ResultsEstimated campaign effectiveness has improved across northern Nigeria since 2004, with Kano state experiencing an increase of 40 % (95 % CI, 26–54 %) in effectiveness from 2013 to 2014. Immunity to type 1 poliovirus has increased steadily. On the other hand, type 2 immunity was low and variable until the recent use of trivalent oral polio vaccine. We find that immunity estimates are related to the occurrence of both wild and vaccine-derived poliovirus cases and that campaign effectiveness correlates with direct measurements using lot-quality assurance sampling. Future campaign schedules highlight the trade-offs involved with using different vaccine types.ConclusionsThe model in this study provides a novel method for assessing vaccination campaign performance and epidemiologically-relevant estimates of population immunity. Small-area estimates of campaign effectiveness can then be used to evaluate prospective campaign plans. This modeling approach could be applied to other countries as well as other vaccine preventable diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0600-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Finding a Healthy Match: A Discussion on Applying the Appropriate Level of Analysis for Global Health Engagement Activities.

Matching is part of our everyday life, whether it is matching debits to credits, finding the right match for a residency program or, in some instances, using match.com. The bottom line is that finding the right match is important. Yet when applying assessment techniques to Global Health Engagements (GHEs), the Department of Defense (DoD) sometimes engenders a mismatch by using measures of effectiveness (MOEs) that are ill-suited to the objectives sought by program and project stakeholders. In order to right this mismatch, it must first be recognized that a policy and operationally relevant analysis of mission impact(s) cannot be effectively undertaken without first considering whether the “level of analysis” at which the assessment is undertaken is suitably matched to the goals of the missions at hand. In certain cases, collecting MOE data on localized effects (e.g., for a particular clinic’s catchment area or in a specific village or town) is sufficient for determining mission “success” and we consider some of those special cases below. For the moment, however, it is important to note that it is often necessary to collect data at the country level in order to measure engagements’ strategic efficacy when considering their contribution to the Geographic Combatant Command’s (GCC’s) Theater Campaign Plans and country plans. For example, consider a notional immunization engagement. Ideally, the GHE immunizes several hundred patients (a measure of performance [MOP]) and thereby substantially lowers disease prevalence within the treated area (a MOE). But was this GHE successful? If the question was whether it had a locally favorable impact, the assessment should focus on these local measures of success. But if the question was whether it supported the GCC’s country plan, the MOEs used for the assessment must reflect this broader focus. If the country plan’s goals were to, say, improve citizens’ perception of the host nation government or reduce political instability in the country, health-specific and localized effects may be insufficient to demonstrate success. Analyzing the contribution of these engagements to broader GCC goals will thus require that data are collected and analyzed at the national, rather than the village, level. Measuring the national impact of a single project, such as in our immunization example, may be problematic however. This is because it is unlikely that any “single” local mission will have a sufficiently large impact to affect national level MOEs, no matter how well it was executed. Aggregating local missions at the national level in an effort to demonstrate missions’ combined strategic effectiveness may help to resolve this problem. Of course, even aggregated GHE activities, may still be insufficient to measurably alter outcomes countrywide because changing any national outcomes (e.g., security, health, economy, etc.) is difficult and often requires great effort. But the larger and more intense the effort, the greater the chance it will have to make a positive impact, underscoring the points made by Lt Gen Robb at the 2014 AMSUS Meeting, in which he argued that GHEs have become too scattered and haphazard and that the military health community must reduce its one-off projects and focus resources and attention on critical partners and key programs. None of this is to say that individual or local activities are unimportant or that their impact is impossible to measure. As noted above, data collection and analysis of local GHEs are critical to the overall assessment system in two distinct ways: individual missions are essential sources of data and measuring local effects can be important when DoD is a supporting agency. Assessments of aggregated activities would not be possible without high-quality data, which allows assessors to measure the intensity of effort. Without measuring the degree to which GHE immunization activities increased/decreased in a host nation, it would be impossible to determine whether better national health outcomes were associated with higher levels of DoD activity. It is therefore essential that “downrange” personnel rigorously capture MOPs so that they can then be aggregated at the GCC level. *Center for Global Health Engagement, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 11300 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852. †The Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine, 11300 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, the U.S. Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00403

“Fruitières comtoises” (Franche-Comté, France)

The first traces of breeders associated for merging together their milks to make marketable cheese (cooked pressed cheese) appear in the late Middle Ages (13th century). This entrepreneurial model really started to spread in the seventeenth century. But it was not before the 1880s that the whole production of Gruyere de Comte was organized. Co-operators created in the 1970s a “local production system” (systeme productif localise), combining dairy farmers monitoring production through co-operatives, manufacturers and traders. Farmers, cheese co-operatives, traditional companies and businesses built a set of charters (Appellation d’Origine Protegee Comte, “campaign plans”, “contracts”). They developed a production system controlled by the stockbreeders in a defined territory which is one of the major components of this cheese-making industry. The mountain, defined as a geographic space, played an essential role in this long-lasting experience. The fruitiere, as socio-economic form, emerged from the meeting between mountain (a geography), communities (people and their social rules) and feudalism (kind of power).

Is ‘Out of Area’ Also ‘Out of Control’?

Small states that participate in coalition warfare find it increasingly difficult to maintain control over their armed forces. With the larger allies, such as the US, the UK and France, dominating military command structures, small states have become tactical providers of sophisticated force and, as such, enjoy little influence over strategy or campaign plans. Tormod Heier argues that NATO's 2011 intervention in Libya illustrates this problem well: smaller states such as Norway were compelled to navigate the differing interests of the UN and NATO while larger allies stretched the UN mandate towards regime change – leading Norway to terminate its mission early.

Coalitions, institutions and big tents: the new strategic reality of armed intervention

Armed interventions of the past decades demonstrate that strategic leadership can give way to lofty campaign plans, conflicting strategic narratives and concern with tactical, as opposed to strategic, issues. The intervention debate rightfully emphasizes the need for both leadership and institution-building to rectify this situation, but then breaks down into discord: some critics argue that stronger leadership by big nations is necessary, others that this type of leadership wrecks the collective institutions that are needed in a new age of multilateralism and interdependence. This article argues instead that strategic leadership grows out of the effort to connect the three distinct political arenas that have come to dominate armed interventions: coalitions, institutions and big tent diplomacy. Strategic leadership is not about choosing between coalitions or institutions; it is about building bridges among these political arenas. The article embeds this argument within the strategic literature and demonstrates how it emerges from an engagement with modern armed interventions. It engages in two in-depth assessments of NATO's experiences in Afghanistan and Libya and then undertakes a more general discussion of the steps that can be taken to encourage strategic leadership.

Situational Gamblers: Prospect Theory and the Commonalities of Presidential Campaign Management

In this article, prospect theory helps shed light on an underdeveloped topic in political science: the management strategies of presidential campaigns. In particular, prospect theory is used to understand critical decisions made by the campaigns of Edward Kennedy, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush during three critical junctures of the 1980 presidential primary season. Prospect theory's central finding—that individuals are risk averse when facing gains and risk acceptant when facing losses—provides a systematic and empirically grounded explanation for seemingly puzzling decisions made by each campaign. In a broad sense, this essay begins the process of developing a general perspective on presidential campaign management.

Discussing Health Risk Behaviors in Parent-Child Communication: Influences on Communicative Competence

This study analyzes the amount of influence that age, sex, educational attainment, socio-economic status (SES) and religion contribute to the communicative competence of individuals in discussing certain types of health risk behaviors. Competence is a product of social experience or is highly dependent on the context in which the interaction takes place. Through secondary data analysis, this study examines competency levels in discussing smoking, drugs, alcohol and sex and correlates them with the parent’s age, sex, educational attainment, SES and religion. Results show that some selected variables are associated with communicative competence, although mostly weak. The parent’s sex, age, and education are not significantly predictive of communication competence in discussing smoking, drugs, and alcohol, but there are significant differences on the basis of SES. Competencies to discuss sex vary. The results of the study are useful to those who seek to minimize health risk behaviors through the development of strategic communication campaign plans and programs.

Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program, Used Fuel Disposition Campaign Objective, Mission, Plans, and Activity Status

AbstractThe safe management and disposition of used nuclear fuel and/or high level nuclear waste is a fundamental aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle. The United States currently utilizes a once-through fuel cycle where used nuclear fuel is stored on-site in either wet pools or in dry storage systems with ultimate disposal in a deep mined geologic repository envisioned. However, a decision not to use the proposed Yucca Mountain Repository will result in longer interim storage at reactor sites than previously planned. In addition, alternatives to the once-through fuel cycle are being considered and a variety of options are being explored under the U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program.These two factors lead to the need to develop a credible strategy for managing radioactive wastes from any future nuclear fuel cycle in order to provide acceptable disposition pathways for all wastes regardless of transmutation system technology, fuel reprocessing scheme(s), and/or the selected fuel cycle. These disposition paths will involve both the storing of radioactive material for some period of time and the ultimate disposal of radioactive waste.To address the challenges associated with waste management, the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy established the Used Fuel Disposition Campaign within its Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program in the summer of 2009. The mission of the Used Fuel Disposition Campaign is to identify alternatives and conduct scientific research and technology development to enable storage and disposal of used nuclear fuel and wastes generated by existing and future nuclear fuel cycles. The near-and long-term objectives of the Fuel Cycle Research and Development Program and it's Used Fuel Disposition Campaign are presented.

Renaissance France at War: Armies, Culture and Society, c. 1480–1560 (review)

Reviewed by: Renaissance France at War: Armies, Culture and Society, c. 1480–1560 Brian Sandberg Renaissance France at War: Armies, Culture and Society, c. 1480–1560. By David Potter. Woodbridge, U.K.: Boydell & Brewer, 2008. ISBN 978-1-84383-405-2. Maps. Illustrations. Notes. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. Pp. xviii, 405. $115.00. Renaissance France at War brings to life the powerful French royal army that fought in the Italian Wars and the Habsburg-Valois wars of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. David Potter crafts a highly detailed and well-documented description of all facets of the French royal army: command, infantry, cavalry, artillery, garrisons, and support personnel. Potter has exploited massive and disparate manuscript collections in numerous French archives to assemble documentation for this impressive study. This methodology demonstrates the vital importance of avoiding a strictly institutional approach to war and society in early modern France, especially when studying periods prior to the creation of war archives in the mid-seventeenth century. Potter’s rich appendices provide [End Page 1314] ample additional data on army strength, troop composition, and war finance drawn directly from manuscript sources. Renaissance French kings engaged in serious formulation of strategy, according to Potter. Royal ministers drew up elaborate campaign plans and maintained intense correspondence networks with military commanders and advisers (pp. 53–62). This finding parallels Geoffrey Parker’s conclusion that Spanish military policies under Philip II reflected a grand strategic vision. Potter is hesitant to fit the royal army of Renaissance France into the wider debate on the Military Revolution, however, despite its technically impressive artillery and formidable siege train, which could be seen as heralding an “artillery revolution.” Potter discovers massive fortification programs underway in the early sixteenth century, suggesting that France was significantly involved in the expansion of bastioned fortifications earlier than some historians had previously thought. “Vauban in effect systematised and strengthened a network of fortresses that had begun in the later 15th and early 16th centuries” (p. 159). Paying for artillery pieces, fortifications, and an expanding army increasingly strained French war finances, imperiling the “sinews of war” and adversely affecting French society by the mid-sixteenth century (pp. 235, 248–254). In addition to gauging warfare’s effect on the kingdom, the book reveals fascinating intersections between Renaissance warfare and French culture. Renaissance French armies relied heavily on mercenaries in addition to “national” troops, producing ethnically diverse armies that effectively dealt with complex linguistic and cultural issues (pp. 94–102, 124–125). Potter implies that family networks and political alliances may explain the service of “foreigners” better than mercenary economic motives. He examines other cultural dimensions of warfare, including memoir-writing, battle cries, speeches before combat, musical celebrations, artistic representations, and ritualized conventions. Unfortunately, the book relies on problematic and dated methodological concepts such as “mentality” in building an analysis of war and culture. Potter’s suggestive discussion of Renaissance battlefields as “places of remembrance” alludes to Pierre Nora’s influential notion of lieux de mémoire, but fails to develop an extended examination of history and memory surrounding evocations of combat sites (pp. 187–190). Renaissance France at War goes well beyond conventional institutional histories of warfare in examining the connections between the royal military system and a growing French “public sphere.” Potter demonstrates that French kings and their advisors felt a need to mobilize popular support for their military policies. Royal entry ceremonies, festivals, poems, songs, and speeches could all serve as well-argued justifications for engaging in warfare. Printed edicts, books, pamphlets, and engravings communicated complex rhetorical messages to a French public that was eager to hear news about the latest military maneuvers, battles, and sieges—but also prepared to ridicule failures and defeats through biting satire. Potter’s findings here could have achieved even more resonance by addressing the theoretical debates about the “public sphere” in France involving Jürgen Habermas and his critics. The book’s approach to art, music, and warfare might have benefited from excellent recent studies by Rebecca Zorach and Kate Van Orden. [End Page 1315] David Potter’s book offers readers an impressive comprehensive examination of warfare, society, and culture in Renaissance France. Potter successfully traces the growth of...

Campaign plans to get more people out to vote in elections

Campaign plans to get more people out to vote in elections

Campaign Plans, War Plans and British Defence Policy

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsHew StrachanHew Strachan is Chichele Professor of the History of War, University of Oxford, and Director of the Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War. His latest book is Carl von Clausewitz's ‘On War’: A Biography

The benefits of using a decision engine to optimise campaign planning for direct marketing

This paper is about a new technique for undertaking campaign planning for direct marketing, and the benefits that this can provide, as evidenced by case studies in financial services and utilities. It demonstrates a very considerable commercial uplift in terms of the value generated from direct marketing, but does not require any change in operational technology. Top down spreadsheet-based planning is very sub-optimal because it cannot take account of the opportunity costs of sending customers or prospects a particular communication, even if it manages to make a small profit at the time. By building campaign plans using individual level data, the impacts of alternative planning scenarios can be demonstrated, and the one that best fits business requirements selected. The capabilities required to do this, besides a ‘decision-engine’ to develop scenarios, are samples of customer or prospect data with individual propensities and eligibilities attached.