Campaign Materials Research Articles

Current issues of legal regulation on political advertising in election campaigns in social media

It is indicated that today the role of the Internet with all the unlimited amount of digital content that is produced in its spaces every day is extremely difficult to overestimate. Nowadays, it is various social networks and other online platforms that have become not only a means of placing and distributing information, but also the main communication field, which over time has made a real revolution in the field of user interaction. The article is devoted to the issues of legal regulation on political advertising and election campaignd in social media and on other online platforms, aims to highlight the central problems, as well as to outline the spectrum of possible ways to solve such problems through the study of Ukrainian and international experience of working with the control of the information field, namely, in the part of campaigning activities of the relevant subjects in social media, on other online platforms during the election process. Special focus in the current study is made on the correlation of national and corporate regulation of issues related to the use of foreign online platforms services for posting information that is considered as political advertising. In addition, it outlines a range of problems that are currently outside the scope of legal regulation and are caused, on the one hand, by the rapid pace of digital technologies development, and on the other hand, by the nature and essence of such a phenomenon as election campaigns and political advertising means in general, namely in terms of a wide range of tools for influencing the audience. As a result, the need for cooperation between the state as a legislator and corporations as non-state entities that own and manage specific resources used for posting election campaign materials is emphasized. It was also concluded that there is a need to pay special attention to the improvement of the national legislative framework in terms of understanding political advertising as a social phenomenon and creating special requirements for the regulation of legal relations regarding such advertising placement in social media and other online platforms.

The ABCs of mental health at the university: a multi-level intervention design for promoting mental well-being.

There is an escalating concern for the mental health of university students being recognized as a high-risk group for psychological distress. Despite research emphasizing the need to integrate mental well-being into higher education, existing interventions primarily focus on challenges and support services, leaving a gap in practical insights for promoting mental well-being at the university as a whole. This paper aims to cover the theoretical and methodological foundations for the design and development of a complex multi-level intervention called the ABCs of mental health at the university (ABC-uni). Following the MRC framework for complex interventions, the design and development of a novel complex intervention is described (Phase I). Using the socio-ecological model and incorporating principles from health promotion charters, capacity building, organizational change models, and the principles of the ABCs of mental health a program theory for mental health promotion at the university is proposed. Following this theoretical foundation a logic model outlines the ABC-uni intervention components at structural, community, and individual levels. The components include staff training, campaign materials, a photovoice project, integration of mental well-being literacy into introductory programs, a credit-bearing course, and an online module. Preferably, most of these components are developed and carried out collaboratively with students at the university. As proposed in the logic model expected outcomes encompass heightened awareness, supportive environments, commitment, and accountability, aiming to enhance mental well-being across the entire university. The design and development of the intervention components occur at a Danish public university. This section addresses the strengths and limitations of the design of the ABC-uni intervention. Future research will cover the feasibility phase of each components of the ABC-uni intervention (phase II). The conceptual framework and program theory outlining mental health promotion at the university, along with the detailed description of the intervention components, provides valuable insights for fostering mental well-being in the university community.

Designing an Intervention to Improve Medication Safety for Nursing Home Residents Based on Experiential Knowledge Related to Patient Safety Culture at the Nursing Home Front Line: Cocreative Process Study.

Despite years of attention, avoiding medication-related harm remains a global challenge. Nursing homes provide essential health care for frail older individuals, who often experience multiple chronic diseases and polypharmacy, increasing their risk of medication errors. Evidence of effective interventions to improve medication safety in these settings is inconclusive. Focusing on patient safety culture is a potential key to intervention development as it forms the foundation for overall patient safety and is associated with medication errors. This study aims to develop an intervention to improve medication safety for nursing home residents through a cocreative process guided by integrated knowledge translation and experience-based codesign. This study used a cocreative process guided by integrated knowledge translation and experience-based co-design principles. Evidence on patient safety culture was used as an inspirational source for exploration of medication safety. Data collection involved semistructured focus groups to generate experiential knowledge (stage 1) to inform intervention design in a multidisciplinary workshop (stage 2). Research validation engaging different types of research expertise and municipal managerial representatives in finalizing the intervention design was essential. Acceptance of the final intervention for evaluation was aimed for through contextualization focused on partnership with a municipal advisory board. An abductive, rapid qualitative analytical approach to data analysis was chosen using elements from analyzing in the present, addressing the time-dependent, context-bound aspects of the cocreative process. Experiential knowledge was represented by three main themes: (1) closed systems and gaps between functions, (2) resource interpretation and untapped potential, and (3) community of medication safety and surveillance. The main themes informed the design of preliminary intervention components in a multidisciplinary workshop. An intervention design process focused on research validation in addition to contextualization resulted in the Safe Medication in Nursing Home Residents (SAME) intervention covering (1) campaign material visualizing key roles and responsibilities regarding medication for nursing home residents and (2) "Medication safety reflexive spaces" focused on social and health care assistants. The cocreative process successfully resulted in the multifaceted SAME intervention, grounded in lived experiences shared by some of the most important (but often underrepresented in research) stakeholders: frontline health care professionals and representatives of nursing home residents. This study brought attention toward closed systems related to functions in medication management and surveillance, not only informing the SAME intervention design but as opportunities for further exploration in future research. Evaluation of the intervention is an important next step. Overall, this study represents an important contribution to the complex field of medication safety. RR2-10.2196/43538.

Estratégias Eleitorais On-line e Gênero: trajetórias e perspectivas das candidatas de Rio Grande da Serra

This article was motivated by the digital campaigns of female city council candidates in the 2020 elections for the municipality of Rio Grande da Serra (SP). Based on this scenario, we organized the research into three phases: 1) data collection through the social networks of all 77 candidates; 2) a survey, with ten responses; 3) an interview with four of the candidates, which allowed us to delve deeper into their impressions of the campaign and the role of social media. This article presents stages 2 and 3 of the investigation, analyzing how the data collected in the first stage relates to the trajectories and experiences of these women. In both the survey and the interviews, dissatisfaction with the party emerged, particularly on the support offered for managing social networks and the funds received for the campaign. At the end of the elections, with an all-male city council, we can affirm that the virtual environment performed poorly for the election of women. From the individual interviews, it was possible to observe loneliness in campaign management, difficulties in designing campaign materials and using digital tools, as well as a feeling of frustration with the political context of the municipality, but with a less critical stance towards their party.

Golkar Sidoarjo DPD's Strategy for PIP Scholarship Distribution Campaign

Background: Effective political communication strategies are crucial for enhancing public engagement. Specific Background: This study explores the qualitative communication strategies used by a local political party during the Indonesia Smart Program (PIP) scholarship distribution, contrasting it with quantitative approaches that focus on numerical data. Knowledge Gap: Existing literature lacks insights on how qualitative methods, particularly direct interviews, can inform community engagement and program visibility. Aims: The research aims to analyze DPD Golkar Sidoarjo's communication strategies using primary interviews and secondary campaign materials. Results: Findings show that the party successfully utilized various media to increase visibility and transparency of the PIP, leading to significant community involvement through initiatives like KIPK. Novelty: This study highlights how qualitative approaches can deepen understanding of political communication's impact on community perceptions. Implications: The increased public trust in DPD Golkar Sidoarjo indicates the effectiveness of strategic political communication in influencing electoral outcomes, revealing valuable insights into political engagement dynamics. Highlights : Emphasizes the significance of qualitative insights for understanding community perceptions. Highlights the effective use of media in enhancing program visibility and transparency. Demonstrates the link between strategic communication and increased public trust and electoral support. Keywords: political communication, qualitative research, Indonesia Smart Program, community engagement, DPD Golkar Sidoarjo

Evaluation of antibiotics returned for safe disposal during and after a community pharmacy antibiotic amnesty campaign.

Community pharmacies in England offer convenient and safe disposal of unwanted medicines, including antimicrobials, and better uptake of this service could limit environmental antimicrobial resistance. However, there is limited information on the extent and nature of antibiotic returns to community pharmacies. The impact of an antibiotic amnesty campaign promoting antibiotic disposal through community pharmacies was evaluated with the intention of collecting detailed information on the antibiotics returned. An antibiotic amnesty campaign was delivered by community pharmacies in the Midlands (England) with an audit of returned antibiotics conducted in 19 community pharmacies in Leicestershire. Detailed information on antibiotics returned for disposal was gathered during the month-long amnesty campaign and again 3 months later in the same pharmacies. Antibiotics accounted for 3.12%-3.35% of all returned medicines. The amnesty campaign led to a significant increase in defined daily doses of returned antibiotics compared to the post-amnesty period (P = 0.0165), but there was no difference in the overall number of returned medicines. Penicillins were the most commonly returned antibiotics in both periods (29.3% and 42.5% of packs, respectively), while solid oral dose formulations predominated. A total of 36.6% of antibiotics returned during the amnesty period were expired, increasing to 53.4% in the post-amnesty period. Amnesty conversations had a significant impact on the number of antibiotic returns but campaign posters did not. Antibiotic conversations can increase the amount of antibiotics returned to community pharmacies for safe disposal, and passive campaign materials had limited impact. More research is needed to identify the most effective interventions to increase returns.

Expanding community-academic collaborations to improve COVID-19 vaccination: A rural-focused COVID-19 vaccination campaign

Background: Rural populations in the USA demonstrate a high degree of vaccine hesitancy, particularly surrounding COVID-19 vaccines. Objectives: Following the successful implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination campaign with a rural-based health system in New York state, the goal of this project was to develop a large community–academic partnership with multiple rural-based community organisations to implement an additional COVID-19 vaccination campaign tailored to rural audiences. Methods: Campaign materials were created and refined with several collaborators across multiple rural-based hospitals, health centres and community organisations. Campaign effectiveness was examined through an analysis of New York state vaccination data. Lessons learned: This project shows that larger community–academic partnerships involving multiple organisations can be achieved and utilised to address complex public health issues such as vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: Larger and longer-term community–academic partnerships can be leveraged to combat a wide range of public health issues and enable a personalised focus on specific communities.

Abstract B069: Designing a Hispanic/Latino community-driven HPV vaccine and HPV-related cancer awareness campaign for young adults and youth in Los Angeles County

Abstract Background: In Los Angeles, HPV vaccination is lowest among Hispanic/Latino (HL) youth, young adults, and HL adolescent girls of immigrant parents, despite HPV vaccination preventing more than 90% of cancers attributed to HPV infection. This study aims to address gaps in the HPV vaccine and HPV-related cancer awareness through community-driven exploration of multimedia sources and cultural tailoring of the Es Tiempo Campaign to HPV vaccine initiation materials. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used, combining quantitative surveys, qualitative listening sessions and focus groups. In May 2024, five youth between 14 and 17 years of age and seven young adults between 18 and 30 years of age who self-identified as HL were recruited through community outreach in Los Angeles. The twelve participants were surveyed and participated in two 90-minute Listening Sessions (grouped by age) to gather formative data. During the LS, participants reviewed culturally tailored designs of media materials (e.g., banners, posters) focused on HPV vaccination initiation. Focus groups with another twelve young adults gathered confirmative data. Descriptive statistics assessed demographics. Coding of transcripts identified themes. Results: Preliminary results from the Listening Sessions found that youth and young adults had similarities and differences in their preferences for receiving health information. Both age groups preferred health materials with visually appealing images and materials that could be easily found and distributed. All relied on health information provided by their providers including informational pamphlets, texts, and emails. Differences were found in whom they sought health advice from. Youths sought health advice from parents or family, while young adults did this too but only after reviewing health information first online. Both age groups identified social media, such as Instagram and TikTok as key sources for health information. However, neither group wanted to receive health information through Facebook or Twitter. Young adults wanted images showing HL patient-provider interactions, while youth preferred images of family or community. Youth liked cartoon-style images, but young adults wanted images of real HL people. For cultural tailoring, youth liked images that reflected a traditional colorful border. Young adults found this border was not representative of diverse HL communities. Conclusion: Community-driven research identified gaps in tailoring and guiding multimedia dissemination efforts for HPV vaccine initiation campaign materials among youth and young adults in the HL community. HL youth and young adults, as community informants, provided advice on multimedia platforms, design appropriateness, and comprehension. Community participation is essential to identify and create culturally competent designs at an appropriate literacy/language and age level and to produce materials for educational campaigns that are not only culturally specific but also visually appealing to the target population. Citation Format: Samantha Verganza, Patricia Escobedo, Rosa Barahona, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati. Designing a Hispanic/Latino community-driven HPV vaccine and HPV-related cancer awareness campaign for young adults and youth in Los Angeles County [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B069.

Online political adverts: The effect of disclosures and opportunities for clandestine campaigning

AbstractThe use of digital technology has become an increasingly prominent feature of election campaigns. While many of those using online tools are familiar partisan actors, many others are not. As concerns about electoral transparency have grown, policy makers have moved to implement regulation designed to help citizens recognize the identity of campaigners. In this paper, we test the rationale behind such regulations by asking how disclosures on online adverts—both informal badging and formal imprints—affect evaluation by UK voters. Using experimental survey design, we test the reactions of participants to real Facebook adverts, labeled as originating from both partisan and apparently non‐partisan sources. Across three experiments, we consistently find evidence to support concerns about what we term “clandestine campaigning”; a phenomenon whereby apparently non‐partisan groups can receive a more favorable reception for incongruous partisan advert content than overtly incongruous partisan‐badged campaign material.

Does "Consent Matter"? An Evaluation of a Sexual Consent Awareness Campaign for College Students.

Consent, or lack thereof, is paramount in instances of sexual violence among college students. The current study assessed the impact of the Consent Matters campaign on Canadian undergraduate students' (N = 799) attitudes toward sexual consent, perceived behavioral control in obtaining consent, use of indirect methods of obtaining consent, as well as recall of the campaign materials. Results indicate no significant impact of the campaign on student attitudes and beliefs regarding sexual violence and consent but do indicate students hold strongly positive attitudes toward consent. Recommendations for future campaigns and evaluations are discussed.

Infectious Confidence: Unraveling the Effects of Confidence Contagion on Overfunding in Equity Crowdfunding

Equity crowdfunding campaign overfunding occurs when a campaign generates funds in excess of the funding goal and has hence been touted as the mark of an extraordinarily successful campaign. However, a novel theoretical lens is needed to comprehend funders’ enthusiasm in their support of such campaigns. Building on the extant literature on contagion effect, we constructed a research model that posits confidence contagion invoked by confidence cues embedded in campaign materials as a key driver of overfunding. Our hypotheses were validated in two complementary empirical studies. In Study 1, we manipulated confidence cues in a controlled experiment to verify the activation of confidence contagion at the individual level. Analytical results indicate that individual funders detect self-confidence traits from confidence cues embedded in campaign materials and assimilate the fundraiser’s confidence via a spontaneous social appraisal mechanism. In turn, confidence contagion drives funders to congregate and invest in campaigns. In Study 2, we analyzed a secondary dataset collected from a leading equity crowdfunding platform to discern how confidence contagion drives overfunding at the collective level. By modeling funding activities as a Hawkes process, we derived three key metrics that govern the emergence and magnitude of funding surges. We demonstrated that these metrics of funding surges mediate the impact of confidence cues on the level of overfunding for equity crowdfunding campaigns. The findings from this study could inform future research seeking to untangle the interdependencies between individual and collective mechanisms underlying crowd phenomena, provide strategic guidance to fundraisers interested in promoting the overfunding of their campaigns, and help crowdfunding platforms predict the potential extent of overfunding and advise fundraisers accordingly.

Perspectives of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth on Anti-Vaping Messages in Social Media.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth have higher rates of nicotine vaping than other youth in the United States. While social media can be effective in reaching youth and discouraging vaping, informed cultural tailoring is necessary to ensure effective messaging to SGM youth. This study aimed to understand SGM youth perspectives on anti-vaping social media messages and tailoring approaches. In-depth, qualitative videoconference interviews were conducted from February to July 2022 with 34 SGM youth recruited in the United States via social media ads. The interview guide addressed participants' beliefs about vaping, the context of vaping, perspectives on tailoring messages, and responses to examples of social media anti-vaping messages. Coding and thematic analysis followed a team-based approach. SGM youth perspectives fell into four categories - representation and diversity, facts and evidence, empowering messages, and source credibility. Participants stressed the importance of accurate, genuine representation of SGM youth in messages, but also noted that more overt representation may be seen as tokenizing. Participants recommended partnering with known LGBTQ+ influencers who can promote or share anti-vaping messages on social media platforms. They also recommended using culturally tailored language, including statistics specific to SGM youth, and invoking themes of empowerment to improve the relevance, reach, and effectiveness of anti-vaping campaigns. Findings can inform future efforts to develop anti-vaping messages for SGM youth with effective reach through social media. Nuanced perspectives on SGM representation in messages suggest a careful approach to tailoring. Concerns around inauthenticity may be minimized by ensuring SGM youth are included in message development and dissemination. This study describes the importance of being attentive to the tailoring preferences among the current generation of sexual and gender minority youth. Findings will inform social media-based messaging strategies that discourage nicotine vaping tailored for SGM youth in health campaign material design and evaluation, ensuring that tailored messages are designed in ways that avoid unintended consequences. The study also describes methods for effectively engaging SGM youth in research to improve the relevance of health education materials for this population and increase reach, which in turn can lead to reduction in vaping practices among SGM youth.

Lula, the people’s guy: populism, liberal democracy and voting in Brazil

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with Workers’ Party supporters in Northeast Brazil, and analysis of electoral campaign materials, I show that left-wing populist discourse can activate aspects of a traditional and apparently illiberal political culture that are compatible with liberal democracy, particularly the principles and ideals of representation, accountability and redistribution of economic growth. By political culture, I refer to the intersection between, on the one hand, cultural aspects such as religion, power relations rooted in history and life trajectories dictated by political and economic constraints, and, on the other hand, political discourses, leaders and policies. Moreover, I show that Workers’ Party voters are not irrational actors, as some scholars of populism argue, but vote for politicians and parties that radically transformed their lives. Using Northeast Brazil as a case study, the paper contributes to debates about the relationship between populism and liberal democracy, showing how the two are not incompatible.

Using an Instagram campaign to influence knowledge, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions for sustainable behaviors.

Climate change poses one of the most pervasive threats to the planet today. Intervention is required to promote pro-environmental behaviors among individuals to curb its effects. Borrowing several constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior, we designed and evaluated a campaign, delivered primarily through Instagram, to shift sustainability-related cognitions and behaviors among university students. An online survey was distributed to undergraduate students at a Northern California university and collected responses from 1,552 participants. Comparing students who self-reported exposure to the campaign with those who were not exposed, students who observed the campaign materials had more knowledge about (p < .001), greater perceived social norms about (p < .001), and greater intentions to perform sustainable behaviors (p < .001). There were also increases in sustainable behaviors during the campaign, compared to the previous academic term. Implementing campaigns inspired by behavior change theories may be one viable strategy to increase individual sustainable behaviors for climate change mitigation.

Political Microtargeting – on the Possibility of a Polish Version of the American Cambridge Analytica Scandal from 2016

The use of political microtargeting, a technique of political market segmentation based on an algorithm that allows personalising campaign materials catered to individual voters, is on the rise with political campaigns across the world. Trump’s 2016 campaign provides an example of it being used in an ethically-questionable way that entails personal data infringement. The article looks at the possibility of using it in a similar way in Poland. To this end, the author presents a comparative analysis of a number of elements that make up the political landscapes of the United States and Poland.

Konstruksi Naratif Kampanye Bye Bye Plastic Bag Surabaya: Melacak Makna dalam Komunikasi Lingkungan untuk Menggugah Sikap Permasalahan terhadap Plastik Sekali Pakai

This research the "Bye Bye Plastic Bag Surabaya" campaign and the messages contained in it. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through participant observation, in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, and content analysis of campaign materials and public responses. The research results showed that the campaign was effective in increasing Surabaya people's awareness of the single-use plastic problem and in changing their behavior towards more sustainable use. The conclusion is that effective communication, using strong and emotional narratives, can be a powerful tool in driving social change related to the use of single-use plastic. Managing single-use plastic waste requires collaboration between government, industry and society to create sustainable solutions to reduce its negative impact on the environment and human health. Keywords: Environment, Narrative Construction, Plastic

A qualitative exploration of e-cigarette prevention advertisements' effectiveness among college students in China.

The rapid growth of e-cigarette usage among youth and young people has emerged as a significant public health concern. It is imperative to initiate effective vaping prevention campaigns and undertake relevant research to address this pressing issue. This research seeks to identify effective video advertisements to deter young people from starting to use e-cigarettes. It aims to offer evidence-based insights and recommendations for creating communication materials and designing messages for youth e-cigarette prevention efforts. College students aged 18-24 years (n=40) participated in focus groups within this qualitative study. After viewing four stimulus videos, participants discussed what they perceived as effective and ineffective video characteristics, as well as suggestions for future videos. Effective video characteristics included the use of real-life testimonials, displaying specific health hazards, revealing harmful chemical ingredients and the deceptive nature of flavors, and positively perceived effectiveness. Participants generally found that videos with strong visual impact and graphics were more engaging and that approaches using fear and emotion were more effective. Ineffective characteristics included complex and exaggerated information, lack of empathy and irrelevance, insufficiently specific information, extreme and death-themed content, industry messages, as well as preachy tones, animations, metaphors, dull formats, excessive length, and scenes of e-cigarette use. Developing anti-e-cigarette campaign materials for youth necessitates target audience-focused qualitative research. This helps in deeply exploring and identifying effective themes and messages, as well as video characteristics and details while avoiding ineffective or even misleading messages and themes from young people's perspectives outside the United States. Future development of e-cigarette prevention videos for Chinese college students may consider incorporating localized real-life testimonial cases to convey specific harms, including self-efficacy information, and utilizing fear and emotional appeals.

Change in attitudes after a suicide prevention media campaign in the Mid-Norway region

BackgroundSuicide prevention media campaigns are one way of reaching people at increased suicide risk who would otherwise not seek help. This is the first study of a Norwegian campaign directed both at individuals at risk for suicide and at their social network.MethodsWe evaluated a media campaign consisting of outdoor posters, feature articles, film clips, and online banners in print, digital, and social media spread across the Mid-Norway region in late autumn 2022. This campaign material consisted of information about how to seek help for suicide thoughts and mental health problems and how to help a friend in similar situations. Before and after this campaign, 1149 adult individuals living in Mid-Norway participated in a survey on attitudes to suicide, mental ill health, and help-seeking.ResultsThere were only marginal changes in attitudes and help-seeking literacy after the campaign. This result was sustained when controlling for age, sex, and campaign visibility. For males, there were a few changes in the negative direction, i.e. lack of willingness to seek help from family and friends, after the campaign.ConclusionWe conclude that the campaign did not seem to have the desired effect and suggest ways of improving future regional Norwegian media campaigns.

Regulating Union Propaganda

As part of the organizing process, an employer is very likely to run across written union campaign materials. Sometimes these materials are passed out on the sidewalk, and other times they are left behind in a breakroom. Union materials may also be posted on bulletin boards, as was recently the case in an NLRB decision involving Starbucks (Starbucks Corporation, 373 NLRB No. 44 [2024]). The decision serves as a timely reminder that employers are limited in their ability to regulate union propaganda in cases where they already tolerate other similar forms of written communication.

An Examination of the Policy Content of Scott Morrison's and Anthony Albanese's 2022 Federal Election Campaign Materials

This Research Note reports on an analysis of the speeches, media releases, opinion pieces, and transcripts of the utterances of both major party leaders, Scott Morrison and Anthony Albanese, during the 2022 federal election campaign. We undertake a reflexive thematic analysis of these documents to identify the key messages of the two campaigns.