Campaign In Korea Research Articles

The Colombian Army in Korea, 1950-1954

A diverse multinational coalition fought to defend South Korea between 1950 and 1953. The United Nations (UN) army featured combat divisions from industrialized countries, but also included units from small UN member states such as Colombia. This article examines the multinational campaign in Korea through coverage of the Colombian Army experience. It finds that the successful integration of the Colombia Battalion into the U.S.-led UN Command grew from the republic's larger relationship with the United States.

Influence of poll results on the advocates’ political discourse: An application of functional analysis debates to online messages in the 2002 Korean presidential election

This study examines how online users employed three functional utterances—acclaim, attack, and defense—when they provided support for candidates and criticized opponent candidates during the 2002 presidential election campaign in Korea. The online postings are a forum for political discourse. Overall, the online forum participants rely heavily on attacks when debating the merit of the presidential candidates. The advocates of the leading candidate used more defense tactics than those of the candidate who was behind, whereas the advocates of the less popular candidate used more attacks than those supporting the leading candidate. The study compares the online postings that responded to a national poll that was conducted at nine different times. The findings suggest that the fluctuation of poll data influences the nature and function of the online discourse. The correlation between the frequency of political discourse and candidates’ popularity showed that, for the advocates supporting the strong candidate, acclaims were positively correlated while attacks and defenses were negatively correlated with popularity. For the advocates of the weaker candidate, only defense was positively correlated. Acclaims and attacks were negatively correlated with candidate popularity.

Chinese warfighting: The PLA experience since 1949

1. Introduction: Patterns of PLA Warfighting, Mark A. Ryan, David Finkelstein, and Michael A. McDevitt 2. Change and Continuity in Chinese Military Doctrine: 1949-1999, Paul H.B. Godwin 3. The Beiping-Tianjin Campaign of 1948-49: The Strategic and Operational Thinking of the People's Liberation Army, Larry M. Wortzel 4. The Last Campaign to Unify China: The CCP's Unrealized Plan to Liberate Taiwan, 1949-1950, He Di 5. Command, Control and the PLA's Offensive Campaigns in Korea, 1950-1951, Shu Guang Zhang 6. What China Learned from Its Forgotten in Korea, Bin Yu 7. PLA Attacks and Amphibious Operations during the Taiwan Strait Crises of 1954-55 and 1958, Xiaobing Li 8. PLA Operational Principles and Limited War: The Sino-Indian War of 1962, Cheng Feng and Larry M. Wortzel 9. The Sino-Soviet Border Conflicts of 1969: New Evidence Three Decades Later, Thomas Robinson 10. Vietnamese Perceptions of the 1979 War with China, Henry J. Kenny 11. The PLA Navy at War, 1949-1999: From Coastal Defense to Distant Operations, Alexander C. Huang 12. Air Combat for the People's Republic: The People's Liberation Army Air Force in Action, 1949-1969, Xiaoming Zhang

Shallow hydraulic fracturing measurements in Korea support tectonic and seismic indicators of regional stress

Abstract We have conducted five hydraulic fracturing stress measurement campaigns in Korea, involving 13 test holes ranging in depth from 30 to 250 m, at locations from North Seoul to the southern coast of the peninsula. The measurements reveal consistent crustal stress magnitudes and directions that suggest persistence throughout western and southern Korea. The maximum horizontal stress σ H is oriented between ENE–WSW and E–W, in accord with plate movement and deformation, and with directions indicated by both focal mechanism solutions from earthquakes inland and offshore as well as borehole breakouts in mainland China close to its eastern coast. With respect to magnitudes, the vertical stress is the overall minimum stress at all tested locations, suggesting a thrust faulting regime within the relatively shallow depths reached by our tests. Typically, such a stress regime becomes one favoring strike-slip at greater depths, as is also indicated by the focal mechanism solutions around Korea.

Estimation of soil moisture content from L- and P-band AirSAR data: A case study in Jeju, Korea

One of the important applications of polarimetric SAR in the geohydrology and agriculture is the estimation of surface soil moisture from the polarimetric SAR data. During the PacRim AirSAR campaign in Korea, the ground truth data about soil moisture content and surface roughness characteristics were collected. We intend to retrieve the surface parameters over the bare soil from multi-polarization and multi-frequency AirSAR data. In this study, the theoretical scattering model, the IEM model is inverted by two existing algorithms—the multi-dimensional regression technique by Dawson et al. (1997) and the inversion using 3-layer artificial neural networks (ANNs) (Fung, 1994). As the first step, backscatter coefficients are calculated based on the ground truth information, and then training patterns are generated from within the valid ranges of surface parameters using the IEM model. The trained inversion models are tested to a set of AirSAR data as well as synthetic data. Root mean square (RMS) errors of estimated soil moisture from the AirSAR data are average 3.1% in the regression and 4.2% in the inversion using the ANNs. The methods to improve the inversion accuracy are investigated. First, the normalization of signal parameters reduced the number of pixels that fail to reasonable results in the regression model. Second, the use of co-polarization ratio as input units in the ANNs inversion scheme improve the soil moisture estimation, which results in an average RMS error of 2.9%.

The Initiation of a Rainwater Harvesting Campaign in Korea

The Initiation of a Rainwater Harvesting Campaign in Korea

The Corporate Culture Change Campaigns in Korea: Lessons from Their Failures

(2001). The Corporate Culture Change Campaigns in Korea: Lessons from Their Failures. Asia Pacific Business Review: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 89-110.

American Comint in the Korean war (part ii): From the Chinese intervention to the armistice

This article examines American intelligence during the Korean War, from the intervention to the armistice, focusing primarily upon Comint. The role of Comint cannot be said to have been decisive, being weakest during the first year of the war, when strategic development were at their most fluid. Comint was certainly critical at the operational level after 1951 and helped the UN forces in Korea win significant battles. But Comint never came close to living up to its full potential and only came on stream in a manner that commanders found acceptable after the campaign in Korea had reached stalemate. The most dramatic military contribution of Comint during the Korean War was probably in the closing stages of the air war, where its impact was almost certainly critical.

Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974.

Beginning in 1945, America rocketed through a quarter-century of extraordinary economic growth, experiencing an amazing boom that soared to unimaginable heights in 1960s. At one point, in late 1940s, American workers produced 57 percent of planet's steel, 62 percent of oil, 80 percent of automobiles. The U.S. then had three-fourths of world's gold supplies. English Prime Minister Edward Heath later said that United States in post-War era enjoyed the greatest prosperity world has ever known. It was a boom that produced a national euphoria, a buoyant time of grand expectations and an unprecedented faith in our government, in our leaders, and in American dream-an optimistic spirit which would be shaken by events in '60s and '70s, and particularly by Vietnam War. Now, in Grand Expectations, James T. Patterson has written a highly readable and balanced work that weaves major political, cultural, and economic events of period into a superb portrait of America from 1945 through Watergate. Here is an era teeming with memorable events-from bloody campaigns in Korea and bitterness surrounding McCarthyism to assassinations of Kennedys and Martin Luther King, to Vietnam War, Watergate, and Nixon's resignation. Patterson excels at portraying amazing growth after World War II-the great building boom epitomized by Levittown (the largest such development in history) and baby boom (which exploded literally nine months after V-J Day)-as well as resultant buoyancy of spirit reflected in everything from streamlined toasters, to big, flashy cars, to soaring, butterfly roof of TWA's airline terminal in New York. And he shows how this upbeat, can-do mood spurred grander and grander expectations as era progressed. Of course, not all Americans shared in this economic growth, and an important thread running through book is an informed and gripping depiction of civil rights movement-from electrifying Brown v. Board of Education decision, to violent confrontations in Little Rock, Birmingham, and Selma, to landmark civil rights acts of 1964 and 1965. Patterson also shows how Vietnam War-which provoked LBJ's growing credibility gap, vast defense spending that dangerously unsettled economy, and increasingly angry protests-and a growing rights revolution (including demands by women, Hispanics, poor, Native Americans, and gays) triggered a backlash that widened hidden rifts in our society, rifts that divided along racial, class, and generational lines. And by Nixon's resignation, we find a national mood in stark contrast to grand expectations of ten years earlier, one in which faith in our leaders and in attainability of American dream was becoming shaken. Grand Expectations is newest volume in prestigious Oxford History of United States. The earlier releases were highly acclaimed, and one, Battle Cry of Freedom, was both a New York Times bestseller and a winner of Pulitzer Prize. Patterson's volume takes its rightful place beside these distinguished works. It is a brilliant summation of years that created America that we know today, a time of setbacks amid unmatched and lasting achievements.

Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974

Beginning in 1945, America rocketed through a quarter-century of extraordinary economic growth, experiencing an amazing boom that soared to unimaginable heights in 1960s. At one point, in late 1940s, American workers produced 57 percent of planet's steel, 62 percent of oil, 80 percent of automobiles. The U.S. then had three-fourths of world's gold supplies. English Prime Minister Edward Heath later said that United States in post-War era enjoyed the greatest prosperity world has ever known. It was a boom that produced a national euphoria, a buoyant time of grand expectations and an unprecedented faith in our government, in our leaders, and in American dream--an optimistic spirit which would be shaken by events in '60s and '70s, and particularly by Vietnam War. Now, in Grand Expectations, James T. Patterson has written a highly readable and balanced work that weaves major political, cultural, and economic events of period into a superb portrait of America from 1945 through Watergate. Here is an era teeming with memorable events--from bloody campaigns in Korea and bitterness surrounding McCarthyism to assassinations of Kennedys and Martin Luther King, to Vietnam War, Watergate, and Nixon's resignation. Patterson excels at portraying amazing growth after World War II--the great building boom epitomized by Levittown (the largest such development in history) and baby boom (which exploded literally nine months after V-J Day)--as well as resultant buoyancy of spirit reflected in everything from streamlined toasters, to big, flashy cars, to soaring, butterfly roof of TWA's airline terminal in New York. And he shows how this upbeat, can-do mood spurred grander and grander expectations as era progressed. Of course, not all Americans shared in this economic growth, and an important thread running through book is an informed and gripping depiction of civil rights movement--from electrifying Brown v. Board of Education decision, to violent confrontations in Little Rock, Birmingham, and Selma, to landmark civil rights acts of 1964 and 1965. Patterson also shows how Vietnam War--which provoked LBJ's growing credibility gap, vast defense spending that dangerously unsettled economy, and increasingly angry protests--and a growing rights revolution (including demands by women, Hispanics, poor, Native Americans, and gays) triggered a backlash that widened hidden rifts in our society, rifts that divided along racial, class, and generational lines. And by Nixon's resignation, we find a national mood in stark contrast to grand expectations of ten years earlier, one in which faith in our leaders and in attainability of American dream was becoming shaken. Grand Expectations is newest volume in prestigious Oxford History of United States. The earlier releases were highly acclaimed, and one, Battle Cry of Freedom, was both a New York Times bestseller and a winner of Pulitzer Prize. Patterson's volume takes its rightful place beside these distinguished works. It is a brilliant summation of years that created America that we know today, a time of setbacks amid unmatched and lasting achievements.

Grand expectations: the United States, 1945-1974

Beginning in 1945, America rocketed through a quarter-century of extraordinary economic growth, experiencing an amazing boom that soared to unimaginable heights in 1960s. At one point, in late 1940s, American workers produced 57 percent of planet's steel, 62 percent of oil, 80 percent of automobiles. The U.S. then had three-fourths of world's gold supplies. English Prime Minister Edward Heath later said that United States in post-War era enjoyed the greatest prosperity world has ever known. It was a boom that produced a national euphoria, a buoyant time of grand expectations and an unprecedented faith in our government, in our leaders, and in American dream--an optimistic spirit which would be shaken by events in '60s and '70s, and particularly by Vietnam War. Now, in Grand Expectations, James T. Patterson has written a highly readable and balanced work that weaves major political, cultural, and economic events of period into a superb portrait of America from 1945 through Watergate. Here is an era teeming with memorable events--from bloody campaigns in Korea and bitterness surrounding McCarthyism to assassinations of Kennedys and Martin Luther King, to Vietnam War, Watergate, and Nixon's resignation. Patterson excels at portraying amazing growth after World War II--the great building boom epitomized by Levittown (the largest such development in history) and baby boom (which exploded literally nine months after V-J Day)--as well as resultant buoyancy of spirit reflected in everything from streamlined toasters, to big, flashy cars, to soaring, butterfly roof of TWA's airline terminal in New York. And he shows how this upbeat, can-do mood spurred grander and grander expectations as era progressed. Of course, not all Americans shared in this economic growth, and an important thread running through book is an informed and gripping depiction of civil rights movement--from electrifying Brown v. Board of Education decision, to violent confrontations in Little Rock, Birmingham, and Selma, to landmark civil rights acts of 1964 and 1965. Patterson also shows how Vietnam War--which provoked LBJ's growing credibility gap, vast defense spending that dangerously unsettled economy, and increasingly angry protests--and a growing rights revolution (including demands by women, Hispanics, poor, Native Americans, and gays) triggered a backlash that widened hidden rifts in our society, rifts that divided along racial, class, and generational lines. And by Nixon's resignation, we find a national mood in stark contrast to grand expectations of ten years earlier, one in which faith in our leaders and in attainability of American dream was becoming shaken. Grand Expectations is newest volume in prestigious Oxford History of United States. The earlier releases were highly acclaimed, and one, Battle Cry of Freedom, was both a New York Times bestseller and a winner of Pulitzer Prize. Patterson's volume takes its rightful place beside these distinguished works. It is a brilliant summation of years that created America that we know today, a time of setbacks amid unmatched and lasting achievements.

Significance of Korea's 10th National Assembly Election

THE 10TH KOREAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY election since the country became independent in 1948 was held on December 12, 1978. It was the second election under President Park's Yushin (national revitalization) constitution, which heralded the Fourth Korean Republic in 1972.1 Given the extraordinary structure of the Yushin constitution and emergency decrees that are still operative, one could debate the significance of any election campaign in Korea,2 but no Korean regime has been able to forego an electoral process altogether. The latent force of democracy is undeniable, and periodic elections have been held in Korea for 30 years. Some earlier studies of these elections have concluded that: (1) Voters have become increasingly sophisticated about elections and their candidate choices; (2) Voters tend to reject the incumbent candidates of the ruling party more than candidates of the opposition parties; (3) Voters have weak party identification and a negative image of parties and party politicians; and (4) Urban voters, students, and intellectuals tend to support opposition parties, whereas rural voters tend to support the government and ruling party.3 This paper will attempt to address

Humanitarian Law and the Man in the Field

In 1974 there took place in Geneva the first session of a diplomatic conference called by Switzerland at the instance of the International Committee of the Red Cross to update the provisions of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, particularly with a view to the more careful definition and exposition of what might be described as the fundamental humanitarian principles of law with regard to armed conflict. While it would be an unduly narrow assumption that humanitarian law is only relevant to an armed conflict, it must not be forgotten that breaches thereof are more likely to occur at such a time, for the man in the field has normally been trained to overthrow and if possible kill enemy personnel, even to the extent that occasionally his basic training may be in conflict with the requirements of the law of war. Generally speaking, the ordinary noncommissioned officer is unlikely to stress overmuch the restriction on the permitted means and methods of warfare to be found in the Regulations attached to Hague Convention IV of 1907. Moreover, the ideological campaigns which accompany any major war, with comments by politicians, commanders, and media alike, implying that the enemy has resorted to conduct that might only be expected from those who have placed themselves outside the protection of law or morality accompanied by insulting nicknames that suggest the enemy is not even human, all contribute to the ordinary soldier's idea that destruction of the enemy is the aim and the end regardless of the means employed to achieve it. Examples of this type of situation may be seen in both world wars, as well as in relation to the campaigns in Korea and Vietnam. However, international law has always recognized that there is a law of war and that breaches thereof may result in punishment. The simplest means of imposing such punishment, without at the same time appearing to abandon all sense of legal propriety, is by way of the trial of war criminals.

Direct Mailings to Promote Family Planning

Direct mailing is a low-cost method of informing people of family planning and encouraging them to adopt it. A review of the general experience with mailings particularly in Asian family planning programs is the basis of this paper. The Chicago Snowball Information Campaign was the first attempt in the United States to use mailings to promote family planning. 13% of the 4005 persons returned the cards requesting a booklet on family planning. The Meerut District in India was the scene of a study conducted by the Central Family Planning Institute (CFPI) New Delhi. 80% of the mailings reached the target population and the reaction was very successful. The 1 mailing approach in Hong Kong is reported to be unsuccessful. 3 separate mailing campaigns in Korea are discussed and it is asserted that the results have been mixed in terms of success. In Taiwan between 1966 and 1969 pospartum mailings offered a free IUD to the new mother. The offer was valid for 3 months after the child birth. About 4% of the present monthly average of 25000 mailings have been returned for IUD insertions. In addition to mailings used to recruit and sustain contraceptive users mailings have been used for purposes of surveys physician education and contraceptive supply.

The Control of Teachers in Communist China: A Socio-Political Study and Reactions in Communist China: An Analysis of Letters of Newspaper Editors. By Charles K. S. Wang; - Chinese Communist Anti-Americanism and the Resist-America Aid Korea Campaign and The Family Revolution in Communist China. By Wen-Hui C. Chen, Chief Contributor. (Lackland Air Force Base, Texas: Air Force Personnel and Training

The Control of Teachers in Communist China: A Socio-Political Study and Reactions in Communist China: An Analysis of Letters of Newspaper Editors. By Charles K. S. Wang; - Chinese Communist Anti-Americanism and the Resist-America Aid Korea Campaign and The Family Revolution in Communist China. By Wen-Hui C. Chen, Chief Contributor. (Lackland Air Force Base, Texas: Air Force Personnel and Training

PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI INFESTATION INVOLVING THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

As the geographical distribution of Paragonimus westermani infestation in humans is generally confined to the Far East, and especially to parts of Japan, Korea, and Formosa, it is not expected that the American physician would ordinarily come in contact with patients harboring these parasites. The quartering of our troops in Japan, however, and especially the recent campaigns in Korea, should make us more alert to the possibility of eventually finding various disease syndromes attributed to this worm in American veterans. The case about to be discussed, while concerning a Korean woman temporarily residing in the United States, is of especial interest because of the rare involvement by the parasite of the anterior abdominal wall, so that the clinical picture of acute appendicitis was simulated. The usual life history of Paragonimus westermani is as follows: The eggs are generally passed in the sputum or feces and under suitable conditions develop into

The Hematologic Response to Wounding and to Resuscitation Accomplished by Large Transfusions of Stored Blood: A Study of Battle Casualties in Korea

Abstract 1. During the third winter campaign in Korea, the hematologic reaction to wounding was studied in thirty-seven casualties at the time of initial resuscitation. 2. Of particular interest was the effect of massive transfusions of stored blood. The results of storage of blood—high plasma hemoglobin and potassium, low labile factor activity, nonviable platelets and leukocytes—had little deleterious effect on patients who received as much as 20 to 30 pints in less than six hours. The loss of transfused red cells because of nonviability was no more than expected. 3. At the time of resuscitation and shortly thereafter, there was a remarkable loss of circulating red cell mass in patients with wounds that involved much tissue destruction. It is believed that the loss was due to hemolysis but the mechanism is unknown. The loss of red cells may be so rapid that a patient with bilateral traumatic amputation of the legs and an adequate hemostasis would become severely anemic if one hesitated to use large, rapid transfusions. Patients with severe shock whose wounds involved less tissue damage (lacerated colon, for example) did not destroy red cells in this fashion. After moderate transfusions such patients often became polycythemic. Transfusions had to be carried out rather gingerly because of a tendency to develop signs of congestion. 4. During the early days of recuperation from severe wounds the patients often tended to become anemic. The anemia appeared to be the result of hemolytic processes plus a relative inhibition of red cell formation. 5. Universal donor blood, group O, was used in all transfusions. In patients who are not group O the massive transfusions resulted in the virtual replacement by red cells of another group. The patient’s plasma sometimes contained antibodies against red cells of his hereditary blood group. Gradual hemolysis of native red cells by transfused antibodies was observed. This was not a clinical hemolytic reaction and did not appear to be detrimental to the patient. The presence of the foreign antibodies made it impossible in some cases to crossmatch the patient with blood of his hereditary group and suggested a source of danger in attempting such transfusions. After transfusion with the universal donor blood has begun, it is recommended that no change be made to blood of another group until at least two weeks have elapsed. 6. No incompatible transfusion reactions were encountered. Several hemoclastic reactions may have been caused by gross contamination of the blood stream from the site of wounds or from the peritoneal cavity.

The Land Campaign in Korea

The Land Campaign in Korea