Parameters In Camels Research Articles

A Comparative Study On Financial Performance Of Sbi In The Pre And Post Merger Periods Using Camels Rating Model

The core objective of the study aims to compare the performance of State Bank of India through CAMELS model during the pre and post merger periods with five of its associates. The study period covers 2012 to 2022. Data from secondary sources were used in this study. The comparison is made on the basis of the parameters like capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earning quality, liquidity and sensitivity to market risk. Data is analysed by using Paired sample t-test and also CAMELS ratings in the present study. The outcomes of the study reveals that SBI’s financial competency is improving post merger periods. But attention is required in liquidity quality in terms of total loans to total deposits (L1). Liquidity quality in terms of circulating assets to total assets (L2) and sensitivity to market are excellent in CAMELS ranking. Out of six parameters in CAMELS, management quality and liquidity quality in terms of total loans to total deposits (L1) are found to be significant in the post merger period. The study concluded that post-merger SBI's earnings quality is improved but liquidity did not. So management should be meticulous with managing liquid assets.

Effect of three different lairage times (0, 18 and 24 hours) on meat quality parameters in camels

Animal stress has frequently been linked to pre-slaughter operations, particularly the transportation and handling process. Therefore, it is assumed that an optimal lairage time before slaughter will exert positive effects on the animal's welfare and meat quality. However, the impact of this practice on camels is unknown. This study aimed to assess the influence of three lairage durations: 0 h (L0), 18 h (L18), and 24 h (L24) on the quality of camel meat. Ninety adult male camels aged 6 years were included in this study. Longissimus lumborum was sampled to analyze for muscle glycogen, muscle pH (45 min; 48 h), muscle temperature (45 min; 48 h), electrical conductivity (45 min; 48 h), drip loss (DL), cooking loss (CL), and thawing loss (TL). The L24 group had the lowest (p < 0.05) of muscle glycogen and the highest ultimate pH (48 h). Further, the L24 group had the lowest muscle temperature, electrical conductivity, drip loss, and thawing loss (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a lairage period of 24 h is recommended in the field conditions studied here for full recovery from stress response caused by the pre-slaughter process and for achieving better camel meat quality.

STUDY OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKING SECTOR

When it comes to the change of an economy, the function that financial institutions of a country perform is absolutely essential. The financial performance of a bank over the course of its history, as well as its capacity to manage risks such as market risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk, can be used to evaluate the progress that banking institutions have made. In the 1980s, the United States of America first implemented a supervisory framework model known as "CAMEL" in order to ascertain the overall state of the bank. It is possible for the model to serve as an efficient instrument for guidance and management, as it is able to forecast future risks that may have an impact on a bank. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of three "public sector banks" and three "private sector banks" in India using the CAMEL methodology for a period of two years, specifically 2022 and 2023. A bank's financial strength is determined using the CAMEL model, which rates the banks from best to worst based on characteristics such as "capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earning, and liquidity." characteristics such as these are used to determine the strength of a bank. According to the findings of the study, the State Bank of India, the Central Bank of India, and the IDBI bank are the three banks that perform the best in terms of the CAMEL parameters among public sector banks. Similarly, according to the CAMEL composite index rating, the private sector banks in India that hold the top ranks are ICICI bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, and HDFC bank. Key Word : CAMEL model evaluates financial health of banks using capital, asset quality, management, earnings, and liquidity.

Comparative Analysis of Capital Adequacy & Earnings Capacity of Select Public & Private Sector banks of India based on CAMEL Approach

The objective of this paper is to perform comparative analysis of the financial performance of 5 public and 5 private sector banks of India over a period of five years i.e. (2008-09 to 2012-13). For this purpose, CAMEL approach has been used. CAMEL is an acronym for measures Capital adequacy, Assets quality, Management soundness, Earnings, and Liquidity.
 Out of five, two measures are taken for analysis i.e. Capital Adequacy and Earnings Capacity. Ten commercial banks were selected purposively for the study. The ratios depicting the CAMEL parameters were calculated based on the publicly available information published at Reserve Bank of India, Indian Bankers’ Association, annual reports of respective banks and Moneycontrol.com.
 T Test has been applied to test four hypothesis and findings have been statistically counted.
 From the aforementioned, summarized findings, we can clearly note that private sector banks do well in terms of both indicators of financial performance.
 
 Private sector banks capital adequacy is more than public sector banks.
 Private sector banks earn more profit margin than public sector banks.
 
 It is found that public sector banks provide more net worth to the shareholders with compare to private sector banks.

Sustainability Practices and Financial Stability of Non-Financial Companies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Camel Parameter Ratio Approach

Most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have witnessed challenges with their financial stability, as most of their non-financial companies could not balance their performance. The study examined the effect of sustainability practices on financial stability of listed non-financial companies in SSA, using CAMEL parameter. Within the framework of ex-post facto research design, 183 non-financial companies Listed on the exchanges of Ghana, Nigeria and Johannesburg, South Africa as at December 31, 2020 constituted the population from which purposive sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 20 firms based on pre-determined criteria. Data covered 10 years period from 2011 to 2020 were analysed via Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation techniques. The study concluded that Size and age significantly enhanced the effect of sustainability practices on the CAMEL ratio of the firms. Hence, strict monitoring and low risk profile on the part of the directors of corporate non-financial companies were recommended. Keywords: Sustainability practice, Financial Stability, Economic Value Added, CAMEL Parameters ratio.

Modulation of rumen bacterial community and feed utilization in camel and sheep using combined supplementation of live yeast and microalgae

The combination of live yeast and microalgae as feed supplementation could improve rumen fermentation and animal productivity. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a mixture of (YA) yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and microalgae (Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris) as feed supplementation on feed intake, rumen disappearance of barley straw, bacteria, and fermentation, blood parameters of camels and sheep. Three fistulated camels and three fistulated rams were fed a concentrates mixture and ad libitum barley straw as a basal diet alone or supplemented with YA mixture. The dietary supplementation improved the feed intake, rumen disappearance of barley straw nutrients, and the blood immunity parameters. The YA supplementation affected rumen fermentation as well as the composition and diversity of rumen bacteria; however, the response to the supplementation varied according to animal species. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) separated bacterial communities based on animal species and feeding treatment. Phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated the bacterial community; and the dominant genera were Prevotella, RC9_gut_group, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Saccharofermentans, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Succiniclasticum. Our results suggest positive impacts of YA supplementation in rumen fermentation and animal performance.

Predicted Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Camels Obtained by Allometric Scaling from Other Species is Accurate

The objective of the present study was to evaluate how accurate the predicted pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of some drugs are in camels, obtained by allometric scaling from animal species when compared to observed values established by us previously. The PK parameters tested were plasma clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution at steady state (Vss). The drugs evaluated were amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, antipyrine, flunixin, ketoprofen (R), ketoprofen (S), meloxicam, phenylbutazone, theophylline, and tramadol. The PK parameters scaled well for all drugs tested except meloxicam, where the predicted Cl was 12.5 fold greater than the observed value.

Performance Efficiency of Islamic Banks in Pakistan: An Application of CAMEL Model

This paper aims at evaluating the soundness of Islamic banks working in Pakistan for the period 2008 to 2015. The current study comprises of five full fledge Islamic banks, actively working in Pakistan. The study applied CAMEL parameters to achieve its purpose. It has utilized capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management ability, Earnings ability and liquidity ratios of selected banks. The findings of the study show that although Islamic banks in Pakistan have adequate capital, yet they have limited asset management ability and substandard earnings ability during the selected time period. The study also depicted that Islamic banks have high degree of liquidity thus enjoying low bankruptcy risk. The findings of this study is of prime interest for the management and shareholders of the selected banks. On one hand, the results of this study provide an insight into the performance of these banks. On the other hand, the results also contain useful information for managers and policy makers as they could find and correct easily, the weak areas of their respective institutions.

Comparative digestibility and rumen fermentation of camels and sheep fed different forage sources

The present study evaluated the effects of forage sources on dry matter (DM) intake, digestibility, and fermentation parameters in camels vs. sheep. The study was arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial experiment in a completely randomized design by using two animal species (three ruminally cannulated female camels and three male sheep) and three forage sources. The forages were (1) alfalfa hay; 164 and 479 g/kg DM for crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), respectively, (2) berseem hay; 121 and 513 g/kg DM for CP and NDF, respectively, and (3) wheat straw (27.5 and 723 g/kg DM for CP and NDF, respectively). Higher DM intake [g/kg body weight (BW)] was noted in sheep compared to camel when alfalfa hay (p < 0.05) and berseem hay (p < 0.05) were fed but was similar between both species when they were fed wheat straw. Forage type rather than animal species had more effect on metabolic intake. Lower digestibility was noted in sheep with wheat straw (p < 0.05). Similar in situ degradability values for crude protein and DM were noted between camels and sheep. In situ degradability of NDF was higher (p < 0.05) in camel than sheep. Greater ruminal pH (p < 0.05) was noted in sheep vs. camels when berseem hay and wheat straw were fed. Lower ruminal passage rate (p < 0.05) was noted in camels and higher total mean retention time. It was concluded that sheep and camels had similar digestion capacities when fed berseem hay and alfalfa hay, however, camels are more efficient than sheep when fed wheat straw.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BANKS LISTED IN MUSCAT SECURITIES MARKET, OMAN: A CAMEL’S ANALYSIS MODEL APPROACH

The study is to examine the financial performance of banks listed in MSM, Omanthrough CAMEL model approach. The variables are computedusing financial ratios and compare them with established standards related to the Camel's standard to find out how important it is to implement a standard in the bank and ANOVA is calculated to determine whether results are meaningful. In other words, they help to determine whether you should reject the null hypothesis or accept the alternative hypothesis.The present research study uses descriptive analysis to achieve objectives of the study.The study's aim is to find out how CAMEL components affect the financial performance of MSM-listed banks. The findings support the impact of the CAMEL parameters on commercial bank results. Capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, and liquidity are considered independent variables in the CAMEL model, whereas financial output is considered a dependent variable. All banks should follow and implanting perfect strategy in how used efficiency and effectively asset to generate profit. Moreover, monitoring credit risk of banks and control it.

Clinical, haematological and blood biochemical parameters in Arabian one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) with Babesia caballi infection

This study was conducted to diagnose Babesia caballi in one-humped camels in Nineveh governorate, Iraq, using microscopic examination and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to evaluate the clinical, haematological and blood biochemical parameters in camels. A total of 62 camels from local breeds, 2-7 years old from both sexes, reared in Nineveh Governorate, were naturally infected with B. caballi and 12 clinically healthy camels were used as controls based on clinical and laboratory examination. Babesia caballi was diagnosed as pear-shaped organisms, existing mainly in pairs within the erythrocytes in blood smears stained by Giemsa, with mean parasitaemia rate 8.59±0.13%. Blood smears stained by acridine orange and conventional PCR confirmed B. caballi diagnosis. Infected camels were found to be suffering from partial or total loss of appetite, emaciation, pale mucous membranes, irregular heart beats, rough hair coat, digestive disturbances, haemoglobinuria and presence of ticks on various body parts. There was considerably elevated body temperature, respiratory and heart rates among infected camels in comparison with control groups. Haematological examinations indicated a statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in red blood cell counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit with macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. Additionally, leukocytosis due to significant (P&lt;0.05) rise in total leukocyte count and lymphocytes in infected camels in comparison with controls besides a significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in platelet count and fibrinogen were demonstrated. On the other hand, the mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, clotting time, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly (P&lt;0.05) elevated in infected camels vs control. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (P&lt;0.05) rise in troponin I, creatine phosphokinase myocardial band and lactate dehydrogenase in infected camels compared to healthy animals. This study concluded that B. caballi infected camels might be endemic in Nineveh governorate, Iraq. Babesia caballi in camels causes clinical, haematological, and blood biochemical changes.

Evaluation and Comparison of Financial Soundness of Islamic and Conventional Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: A CAMEL Approach

This article evaluates and compares the financial soundness of Islamic and conventional PCBs operating in Bangladesh based on the CAMEL approach over the period 2015 to 2019. For this purpose, the authors select a sample of 17 Conventional PCBs and 6 Islamic PCBs listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. In terms of composite CAMEL ratings, none of the banks is found to be strong or satisfactory in financial soundness in 2019. Out of 17 conventional banks, 13 of them are in a fair position i.e. having financial, operational, or compliance weakness and need more than normal supervision and regulation to address the deficiencies. Another 4 conventional banks are in a marginal position means that they are in serious financial problems and need close supervision and regulation. Ranking of conventional banks based on composite CAMEL ratings shows that Brac Bank Ltd. is in top position (Score 2.65) with Bank Asia Ltd. securing second position (score 2.7) while AB Bank Ltd., IFIC Bank Ltd, One Bank Ltd., and Mutual Trust Bank Ltd. are in the worst position with marginal status. Among 6 Islamic banks, 5 are in a fair position and only 1 in a marginal position in 2019. Shahjalal Islami Bank Ltd. secures the top position (Score 2.8) with fair status and Social Islami Bank Ltd. is in the worst position with marginal status. Independent sample test is used to see whether there is any significant difference between Islamic and Conventional PCBs concerning CAMEL parameters. The study finds that except for liquidity there is no significant difference in capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, and earnings quality. The study also reveals that there is no significant difference in the average CAMEL ratings of two types of Banking. However, on average Islamic banks have better asset quality, management quality while conventional banks have better capital adequacy, earnings, and liquidity.

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A Study on Financial Performance of Private and Public Banks in Afghanistan (2014–2017)

Banks are major players in financial sector and economy as a whole. Banks are creators of credit and mobilizers of savings which fuel investments and helps economy running. If banks are sick and are not performing well, then the whole economy would face challenges that might have great negative outcomes. In this paper we have tried to analyze financial performance of public and private sector banks in Afghanistan. This study is based on CAMEL approach which is a popular quantitative technique for financial performance analysis of banks base on different financial parameters. In this study the data for 4 years (2014–2017) has been evaluated and it has been found that almost base on all CAMEL parameters, private sector banks on average are performing far better than public sector banks. This study can be helpful for policy makers in government and also for banks to meet their shortcomings and improve their financial performance to meet the standards and requirements.

Analysis of public sector banks and private sector banks in India: A camel approach

Financial institutions of a country play an indispensable role in the transformation of an economy. As an anchor of the economy, this assumes a prevalent job in the monetary improvement of the nation. The progress of a bank can be determined from its financial performance over the years and its ability to manage risks like market risk, credit risk, and liquidity risk. In the 1980s U.S introduced a supervisory framework model called “CAMEL” to determine the general condition of the bank. The model anticipates future risk that may affect a bank and can act as an effective instrument for guidance and management. The current study endeavors to evaluate the performance of 21 “public sector banks” and 18 “private sector banks” in India using the CAMEL approach for five years from 2014 until 2018. CAMEL model uses parameters such as “capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earning and liquidity” of the banks to determine the financial strength of a bank and ranks them from top to least. The study revealed that Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, State Bank of India, Canara Bank and Union Bank of India hold the top five position based on the CAMEL parameters. Similarly, Bandhan Bank, IndusInd Bank Ltd, Axis Bank Ltd, Yes Bank, and Kotak Mahindra Bank hold the top five ranks in private sector banks in India based on the CAMEL composite index ranking.

Evaluation of stress responses induced by the loading density in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The intensity of stress depends on several external factors, such as distance and conditions of transport, climate change, the nature of the journey and the vehicle used, etc... Our research aims to study the effect of loading density on certain physiological, hematological, biochemical and hormonal parameters in camels. Sixteen male animals belonging to the municipal slaughterhouse of Casablanca (west of Morocco) were divided into two groups of 8 camels to study the effect of 2 loading densities: 1camel/2-3.6m2 (Group I) and 1camel/1.44-1.80m2 (Group II). Hct, NLR, H% and biochemical parameters were analyzed in our laboratory (LPGM) at the Ben M'Sik Faculty of Sciences in Casablanca, while the hormones were analyzed by radioimmunology at the National Center of Energy, Sciences and Nuclear Techniques of Maâmoura, Morocco. In Groups I and II, rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, hemolysis, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and plasma levels of Glu, COR, T3 and T4 showed a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) at the end of transport just after unloading by comparison to those measured before loading and transport. All these parameters were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in Group II than those observed in Group I. An increase of the loading density (1camel/1.44-1.80m2) during road transport is considered as a stressful factor that could alter the physiology of the dromedary and influence the postmortem quality of its meat. The impact of this factor on the antioxidant status of this species will be studied later.

Effect of slaughter season on postmortem metabolic characteristics of muscle in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of slaughter season on the postmortem metabolic characteristics of dromedary camel longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. A total number of thirty male camels (5-7 years old) were included in this work. Ten camels were slaughtered according to season of the year (winter, spring and summer). The samples were analyzed for muscle pH, muscle temperature, electrical conductivity, drip loss (DL), cooking loss(CL) and thawing loss (TL). No significant (p&gt; 0.05) effect of slaughter season on muscle pH and cooking loss was observed. However, slaughter season significantly (p&lt; 0.05) influenced the electrical conductivity, muscle temperature, drip loss and thawing loss. All of these parameters were higher (p&lt; 0.05) during summer as compared to winter and / or spring seasons. Moreover, several correlations between different studied parameters were reported. In conclusion, these findings indicated that slaughter season had a significant (p&lt; 0.05) effect on several postmortem metabolic parameters of camels. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the electrical conductivity late postmortem measurement can be used as a suitable method for the evaluation of camel's meat quality.

Monitoring the Changes in Certain Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Camels (Camelus Dromedaries) during Postpartum Period

Monitoring the Changes in Certain Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Camels (Camelus Dromedaries) during Postpartum Period

Multivariate Bank Performance Analysis using Standardized CAMEL Methodology and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process

Objective: To minimise the subjectivity of the CAMEL approach by applying FAHP for ranking the banks playing an important role in Indian financial system and also aims to help the investors to make informed decisions. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Banks listed in the CNX bank Index and National Stock Exchange are selected for the validating the model. The trading frequency of about 90 percent for the last six months and positive net worth are additional criteria imposed for the purpose. FAHP is used to assign weights to the main and Sub criteria designed for the purpose of ranking of the banks. TFN is used for the verbal judgements and the criteria weights are assigned to the CAMEL ratios and the final scores are calculated. Findings: CAMEL finds its worldwide applicability in measuring the performance of the banks but on subjective way. It is needed to provide objectivity in the subjective judgment to eliminate confusion. The FAHP approach is used to assign weights to the CAMEL parameters to judge the ranking positions of the Indian banks for the purpose. Use of FAHP in CAMEL ratios is a unique work which will help to rank the banks according to their performance and help to make informed decisions. As per the findings it is revealed that, in Indian financial system SBI’s performance is highest and Central Bank’s performance is lowest. The present work will complement the effort of the policy makers and general investors to understand the performance of the banks in the Indian financial system through an objective approach to the subjective judgmental process. Application/ Improvements: The study mainly concentrated on developing a bank rating model with the use of Fuzzy Logic for effective rating of the banks in India. The present scope can be extended to include larger data sets and diverse economic conditions. Keywords: Bank Rating, CAMEL, FAHP, Multivariate Bank Performance Analysis

Comparative Analysis of Top Private Sector Banks in India based on CAMEL Parameters

The CAMEL rating is a well-established technique to compare the performance of banks and financial institutions. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is a very useful growth measure. We compare the top five private sector banks in India, ranking them via the CAMEL rating based on the CAGR of CAMEL parameters. Of the banks chosen for the study, IndusInd bank ranked first in capital adequacy, asset quality and earnings quality. HDFC bank ranked first in management efficiency and Axis bank ranked first in liquidity. The bank with the best overall CAMEL rank proved to be IndusInd bank. By providing a basis of comparison for different banks, the CAMEL rating can yield valuable insight to several stake holders of banks such as top management, investors and regulators.