Camel's Hair Brush Research Articles

LATE THROMBOSIS FOLLOWING THE USE OF AUTOGENOUS FASCIA AND A CYANOACRYLATE (EASTMAN 910 MONOMER) FOR THE WRAPPING OF AN INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM.

Various synthet ic materials have been evalua ted for the wrapping or reinforcement of intracranial aneurysms in instances in which the lesion does not lend itself to clipping. We have had part icular difficulty in applying some of the synthetic reinforcing agents because of poor adherence and prolonged sett ing time. Difficulty has also been experienced in safely exposing the aneurysm Sufficiently to allow a total coating with these materials. This has been part icularly true when the aneurysm lies adjacent to the motor-strip or the motor-speech area where resection of brain for exposure is considered inadvisable. Eas tman 910 Monomer in combinat ion with other materials has been under evaluat ion in the laboratory as an improvement upon the reinforcing materials now in use. In our laboratory, Eas tman 910 Monomer has been used successfully to produce adhesion between fascial strips and blood vessels; part icularly to the inferomedial surface of such vessels in animals wi thout the necessity of wide exposure. Our initial step has been to slide the piece of autogenous fascia beneath the vessel. A small amount of monomer is then placed on the surface of the vessel with a camel-hair brush, and the material is allowed to flow onto the areas of the vessel not seen clearly and onto the underlying fascia. After waiting approximately ~0 to 30 sec., pressure is applied with a siliconized inst rument from outside the fascial strip toward the vessel to be reinforced. A good bond has always been observed within a ma t t e r of e min. without the necessity of obtaining a part icularly dry field. Addit ional strips of fascia have then been applied in the same manner to provide mult iple areas of reinforcement, such as would be desirable in dealing with an aneurysm. By brushing generous amounts of the monomer on the vessel and then covering it with the previously placed fascia, the fascia has acted as a protect ive shield for surrounding tissue during the act of applying the monomer, and should preclude the damaging local effects pointed out by Kline and Hayes. 2

THE USE OF CHARGED GOLD LEAF IN SURGERY.

COMMERCIAL GOLD LEAF, when electrostatically charged, has a remarkable hemostatic effect on wounded arteries and veins as well as on capillary bleeding. Its usefulness for this purpose and for covering sutured openings and holes in the dura mater, for the control of hemorrhage from bone, and as an agent for preventing adhesions between the dura mater and the brain, as demonstrated in the laboratory and in the human, is the subject of this report. An electrostatic charge is conferred on gold leaf merely by stroking a camel hair brush against a rubber comb and then touching the leaf with the charged brush. Accepting its electrical charge and sticking to the brush, the gold leaf can be placed then directly on the site of hemorrhage, or on any other surgical target. When the charged leaf is touched to the tissue surface, it is released immediately from the brush and clings tightly

Physiological Significance of Surface Wax on Leaves

A STUDY of the surface wax occurring on the leaves of New Zealand and Spanish white clovers (Trifolium repens) has been made with the electron microscope. Pre-shadowed carbon replicas were prepared in a manner similar to that used by Bradley1, and it was found that the wax had a structure characteristic for each species and was extruded from the cuticle only while a leaf was growing. This work was later extended to include Montgomery, Broadleaf and Moroccan red clovers. During the investigation it was noted that wax was removed by weathering, for example, contact between leaves and between leaf and ground in windy conditions, and that the weathered appearance could be simulated by brushing the leaves with a camel-hair brush. In both cases the wax was removed from the crown of the dome-shaped cuticle overlying the epidermal cells. Fig. 1 shows an adaxial surface of New Zealand white clover before brushing and Fig. 2 after brushing.

Notes on the Biology of Sturmia incompta (Van Der Wulp) and Winthemia citheroniae Sabrosky (Diptera: Larvaevoridae)

At eleven o'clock on the morning of October 10, 1955, I watched a female Sturmia incompta (Wulp) deposit eggs on a fourth instar larva of Pholus fasciatus Sulzer. The host was smaller and brighter than average and probably was newly molted. The eggs apparently were of the membranous type, with fully developed larvae, and were easily seen when first deposited. Later that same afternoon, after eclosion of the larvae, the choria shrivelled considerably and were easily detached from the host integument. Presumably the parasites immediately began burrowing through the floor of their choria into the host, for the caterpillar thrashed about in an attempt to crush the maggots with its mandibles. The fly also had appeared to annoy the larva, and only her agility enabled her to avoid the larva. On October 16, the host larva went into the soil. Four days later the host, in moribund condition, had developed a putrid odor, and several holes were apparent in its integument. It had not transformed to the pupal stage. The soil was sieved on October 31, and the parasite pupae, grouped together, were brushed lightly with a camel's hair brush to remove dirt before storage. Immediately, the flies began emerging, and expanded normally. The stimulus to emergence may have been provided by the cleaning process, although this had not been the case in numerous other rearings. An interesting variation in this instance was the parasites' emergence from the larval host rather than from the pupal stage. This might be attributed to the eggs having been laid on a young host, or to variations caused by laboratory rearings. Eleven adults were reared, the life cycle from egg to adult requiring 21 days. Normally, the parasites overwinter as small larvae, probably second instar, associated with the tracheae near a spiracle in the host pupa. In October, 1954, numerous Pholus fasciatus larvae were collected on evening primrose (Jussiaea sp.). They pupated shortly thereafter and appeared normal throughout the winter. On March 1, 1955, one of the pupae which had wriggled normally ten days before was examined again. It had split at the junction of the thorax with the abdomen and was devoid of body contents. The parasite puparia, 20 in number, were found grouped near the escape aperture, with their spiracles pointing into the air space surrounding the host pupal case. On March 16, fifteen flies emerged. The remaining puparia were examined several days later and found to contain fully formed dead imagoes.

Factors Affecting the Foliar Absorption of N15 Labeled Urea by Tobacco

AbstractSingle leaves of Dixie Bright 101 tobacco plants grown in sand culture in the greenhouse were sprayed with N15 labeled urea. Up to 5 mg. of the 15 mg. of nitrogen applied was absorbed by the leaf within 24 hours, and by 6 hours a portion of this nitrogen had been translocated to every plant part. One‐half of the absorbed nitrogen was translocated from the sprayed leaf by 24 hours, chiefly to adjacent leaves, the meristem and root.The absorption of urea was nearly identical through the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Absorption decreased with increasing vertical leaf position with the exception of the uppermost leaves and irrespective of the leaf area. Leaf maturity had little effect if the relative leaf position was the same. However, very young plants did absorb more nitrogen than more mature plants.Damaging the epidermal hairs by gentle brushing with a camel's hair brush increased absorption of urea tenfold. Such brushing ruptured the impermeable cutinized layer of the epidermal hairs permitting the urea solution to come into direct contact with the epidermal cell wall.Absorption of urea over a four hour period was found to be 3 to 10 times greater during the night than during the day. Absorption was also 3 times greater in the morning than in the afternoon. This suggests that internal factors in the leaf which undergo diurnal fluctuations may play an important role in foliar absorption of urea.The absorption of urea from buffered solutions was a function of both pH and the buffer system used. With phosphate buffer, absorption increased as pH increased from 6 to 8.Absorption of urea was decreased as the concentration of sucrose in the urea spray solution was increased. A one molar sucrose solution decreased urea absorption by one‐half. It is postulated that sucrose may reduce the absorption of urea by competing with urea during process of absorption, by decreasing the rate of diffusion of urea toward the absorption surface, or by inhibiting urease activity.

THE THIOBARBITURIC ACID COLOR REACTION IN PLANT TISSUES

American Journal of BotanyVolume 38, Issue 6 p. 458-459 Article THE THIOBARBITURIC ACID COLOR REACTION IN PLANT TISSUES Frederick Bernheim, Frederick Bernheim Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorCarolyn Bunn, Carolyn Bunn Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorKarl M. Wilbur, Karl M. Wilbur Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author Frederick Bernheim, Frederick Bernheim Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorCarolyn Bunn, Carolyn Bunn Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorKarl M. Wilbur, Karl M. Wilbur Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Department of Zoology, Duke University, Durham, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 1951 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1951.tb14847.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume38, Issue6June 1951Pages 458-459 RelatedInformation

Parthenogenesis in the Argasid Tick Ornithodoros moubata (Murray, 1877)

Agamic reproduction in ticks was first reported by Aragio (1912) in a species of Amblyomma which he named agamum but which later was placed in synonymy with A. rotundatum C. L. Koch, 1844. He observed thousands of females which laid fertile eggs in the absence of males. The male of this species is still unknown. Nuttall (1913) observed the same phenomenon in Rhipicephalus bursa. Unmated females remained longer on the host than mated females, they did not become completely engorged, and the number of eggs produced was much smaller than in mated females. None of the larvae were reared to the adult stage. However, in later experiments with R. bursa, Nuttall (1915) considered that parthenogenesis was artificially induced by manipulation accompanying the enumeration of the eggs immersed in normal salt solution and rubbed gently with a camel's-hair brush. Bodkin (1918) reported parthenogenesis in Amblyomma dissimile. Sixty-five ticks of the first generation reared to adults were all females. Parthenogenesis was subsequently observed to the fourth generation. Brumpt (1934), Schulze (1937), and Floch and Abonnenc (1940) have expressed doubt as to the identity of the tick with which Bodkin worked. If the species of tick was A. rotundatum instead of A. dissimile, as has been suggested, the results are in complete agreement with the original report of Aragio for this The fact that the 65 ticks reared to adults in the first generation were exclusively females gives credence to their parthenogenetic origin. Only one reference has been found to parthenogenesis in argasid ticks. Cunliffe (1921) reported that one of ten 0. moubata females held for observation deposited 183 fertile eggs. However, he concluded that this female was probably fertilized unobserved and suggested that further evidence is necessary before parthenogenesis can be considered to be even of rare occurrence in this species. During a study of the quantitative transovarial transmission of Borrelia duttonii in Ornithodoros moubata, 600 ticks were reared from the first nymphal stage to adults by feeding individually at each nymphal stage and as adults on white mice. During the interfeeding periods, the ticks were stored individually in serially-num

EFFECTS OF RESPIRATION INHIBITORS ON ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS BY ROOTS OF LOBLOLLY PINE

No studies of this sort have been made on roots of woody species. A series of experiments was therefore performed to find whether or not respiration inhibitors reduce mineral accumulation in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) roots as they do in barley roots. An attempt was also made to learn whether or not mycorrhizal roots react in the same manner as nonmycorrhizal roots. Since mycorrhizae represent a complex structure, consisting of both root tissue and fungal hyphae, it seemed possible that they might differ physiologically from those roots which have no fungus associated with them. Experiments with respiration inhibitors Roots were obtained from potted loblolly pine seedlings growing out of doors and from seedlings growing in a clearing in the forest. The root tips and segments bearing mycorrhizae were freed of foreign matter by gently brushing with a camel's hair brush in a shallow tray of distilled water. A total of 48 segments, each at least 2 cm. in length and bearing a healthy, growing tip, were selected and separated into four groups for the comparison of the various inhibitors. Since it was impossible to find 48 root tips of the same diameter, the tips were first divided into 12 groups, each containing four roots of approximately the same dimensions. One root from each group was then used in each treatment so the various sizes of roots were uniformly distributed among the four treatments. Roots bearing mycorrhizal branches were cut into segments 1 cm. in length and selected 30

Additive Effects of X-Rays and Methylcholanthrene in Inducing Mouse Leukemia

Agents of three general types, one physical and two chemical, have been shown to be leukemogenic for mice. These are ionizing radiations, such as x-rays and gamma rays (1–3), carcinogenic hydrocarbons, as for example methylcholanthrene benzpyrene and 9,10-dimethyl-1,2- benzanthracene (4–7), and various estrogens (8, 9). In susceptible stocks the effectiveness of these agents is proportional to the dose used, varying with the genetic constitution of the strain of mice (3). Furth and Boon (10) reported synergistic effects of combined application of methylcholanthrene and irradiation with x-rays, but Kaplan and Kirschbaum (11) were unable to demonstrate synergism of these agents for other stocks of mice. However, in the latter experiments very potent doses of each agent were used, and it is probable that under such circumstances neither additive nor synergistic effects may be obtained. MeEndy, Boon and Furth (12) did not observe additive effects when very large doses of each agent were used. The purposes of the experiments to be reported here are the following: 1. To confirm the observation that two leukemogens may, when applied simultaneously to mice in greater than threshold doses, have additive effects. 2. To show that the phenomenon of additive effects of two leukemogens probably depends upon susceptibility of the strain of mice to the independent action of each of the leukemogens. 3. To demonstrate the importance of genetic constitution in determining leukemogenesis. Material and Methods The x-ray-treated mice were exposed to general body irradiation in cardboard boxes at 30 cm. target-skin distance, 140 kv., and 2 mm. aluminum filter, h.v.1. 4.2 mm. A1. All doses are given as roentgens in air at the surface of the mouse. Carcinogen- treated mice were skin-painted three times weekly with a 0.25 per cent solution of methylcholanthrene in benzene. A camel's-hair brush, 3/8 by 5/8 inches, was used, a different site being chosen for each successive painting to decrease the number of induced skin tumors. Four groups of strain dba mice (subline 212) are included in this study, as follows: 1. Thirty-four mice received a total of 1,100 r of x-rays in eleven weekly treatments of 100 r. The mice were ten weeks of age at the time of first exposure. 2. Thirty-four mice received eighteen skin paintings of methylcholanthrene, the first painting at fourteen weeks of age. 3. Forty-eight mice received both treatments-x-rays (total of 750–1,100 r) beginning at ten weeks and methylcholanthrene at fourteen weeks of age. 4. Ninety-two controls received neither x-radiation nor methylcholanthrene. Four groups of strain CBA mice were put on experiment as follows: 1. Twenty-one mice received 500 r in ten weeks (50 r X 10) and 5 animals received 750 r (100 r X 5 and 50 r X 5). Mice were ten weeks of age at first exposure.

The Rapid Preparation of Frozen Tissue Sections

The essential feature of this procedure involves the rapid freezing of the tissue following excision and keeping it frozen until the desired chemical or fixative has been applied. For freezing, either carbon dioxide or liquid air is used, as desired. The microtome knife is thoroughly cooled by taping blocks of dry ice to its surface. The cut sections, still frozen, are manipulated by a camel's hair brush so that they lie flat upon the knife. They are then transferred to a slide by a special section lifter. This has the form of a double-bottomed scoop packed with dry ice. Thus the section remains frozen while it is transferred to a clean microscope slide held at an angle above a Coplin jar of the desired reagent. The sections must be immersed just prior to melting. They curl and do not adhere to the slide if still rigidly frozen, and are distorted if immersed after melting.With this technic sections showing a minimum of cellular distortion may be obtained. Consequently, it facilitates the use of many cytol...

LABORATORY STUDIES ON GLYCERIN AS A SUPPLEMENT IN WATER–SOLUBLE HERBICIDAL SPRAYS

WATER-SOLUBLE herbicides such as arsenicals and ammonium sulfamate, applied as sprays, have shown considerable promise for eradication of noxious vegetation. However, results with sprays have been highly variable and, due to the high concentrations of herbicide required, relatively expensive. In order to increase the effectiveness of herbicidal sprays, the following laboratory studies were undertaken during the winter season of 1943-44, to determine the factors that promote transfer of sprayed herbicides from the leaves to the base of the stem. PROCEDURE.-The tests were conducted on potgrown plants about 6 inches tall which could be easily manipulated so as to expose them to different conditions and treatments. The results given in this report were obtained with Coleus blumei Benth. and Cuphea platycentra Lem., two common house plants. The two species appeared to react similarly, so that the principles determined in this investigation may be applicable to a number of species. Two methods of application were used in the study. In the one, referred to as tip-injection, the solution of poison was placed in a small vial which was so suspended that the tip of the plant could be dipped into the liquid. This method, although not a practical field technique, indicated experimentally the action of the poison in penetrating and being conducted downward through the stem when the foliage was in continuous contact with the herbicide solution. In the second technique, referred to as leaf application, the solution was applied with a camel's hair brush to the upper leaves. This method was analogous to spraying of sprouts in the field. The solutions dried on the surface of the leaf within a short time, usually 10 to 15 minutes. For the leaf application technique, a commercial sodium lauryl sulfate mixture was added to the herbicide solutions at a rate of 0.12 per cent to serve as a wetting agent.

TREATMENT OF CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM WITH RESIN OF PODOPHYLLUM

Culp and Kaplan 1 made a notable contribution to the treatment of condyloma acuminatum with resin of podophyllum. They used a 25 per cent suspension of resin of podophyllum in liquid petrolatum applied with a cotton swab to the surface of the lesions. They found that the growths became blanched in a few hours, appeared necrotic twenty-four to forty-eight hours later, began to slough on the second or third day and promptly disappeared. I can testify to the efficacy of this treatment. Culp and Kaplan found it impossible to keep the podophyllum suspension confined to the lesions. I have modified their method by using a 10 per cent tincture of Resin of Podophyllum (U. S. P.). This is not an official preparation but is prepared for me by my pharmacist. This is applied to the surface of the lesions with a cotton swab or a camel's-hair brush. Usually only one

CHANGES IN THE METABOLISM OF WHEAT LEAVES INDUCED BY INFECTION WITH POWDERY MILDEW

CHANGES IN THE METABOLISM OF WHEAT LEAVES INDUCED BY INFECTION WITH POWDERY MILDEW

Effect of Methylcholanthrene on Latent Period of Breast Tumors in Dilute Brown Mice.

The production of breast tumors in non-susceptible female mice of strains IF, CBA, JK, and NH by subcutaneous injection of methylcholanthrene was reported almost simultaneously in England and in this country. Observations in this laboratory also indicate that methylcholanthrene may affect the production of mammary carcinoma in a strain of mice that is known to develop the tumors spontaneously. Breeding female dilute brown (Little dba) mice have a high incidence of spontaneous mammary carcinoma. Subline 212, on which our experiments were performed, has a lower incidence of breast tumors than other members of the strain. Forty-two identified breeding female mice of this line have been observed for at least one year. Fourteen of them developed one or more spontaneous breast tumors when 250 to 475 days old. The average latent period was 371.0 days. Most dilute brown mice died of leukosis if they were painted with methylcholanthrene solutions. The carcinogen was applied to the unepilated skin twice weekly with a No. 6 camel's hair brush. The site was changed with each painting in the following order: head, left hind leg, right hind leg, left foreleg, right foreleg, sacral region, abdomen, interscapular region, anterior thorax. None of the male mice that were painted developed breast tumors. Thirteen of 65 breeding females of line 212 that were treated with methylcholanthrene had one or more mammary carcinomata. (Table I.) They appeared between the 106th and 268th day of life. The average latent period for these tumors was 181.3 days. The duration of painting varied. No breast cancer was found among 75 virgin females that were treated similarly.

Nutritional Studies of the Webbing Clothes Moth Tineola bisselliella Hum

Previous article No AccessNutritional Studies of the Webbing Clothes Moth Tineola bisselliella HumMary F. Crowell and C. M. McCayMary F. Crowell Search for more articles by this author and C. M. McCay Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 10, Number 3Jul., 1937 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.10.3.30151419 Views: 5Total views on this site Citations: 20Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in Physiological Zoology (1928-1998), which is continued by Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (1999-present). PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Kiyoshiro Goto, Sadahisa Yagi, Johei Oku, Shunsuke Tomura, Daisuke Yamaguchi, Toshiya Hirowatari Surveys on detritivorous moths using bait traps in Japan, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 14, no.33 (Sep 2021): 386–398.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2021.03.011Steven J. McNeil, Matthew R. Sunderland The nanocidal and antifeedant activities of titanium dioxide desiccant toward wool-digesting Tineola bisselliella moth larvae, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18, no.33 (Oct 2015): 843–852.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-1060-4Pascal Querner Linking webbing clothes moths to infested objects or other food sources in museums, Studies in Conservation 61, no.sup1sup1 (Apr 2016): 111–117.https://doi.org/10.1179/2047058414Y.0000000153P.D. Cox, D.B. Pinniger Biology, behaviour and environmentally sustainable control of Tineola bisselliella (Hummel) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), Journal of Stored Products Research 43, no.11 (Jan 2007): 2–32.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2005.08.004R. Plarre, K. Lieber, W. Burkholder, J. Phillips Host and host instar preference of Apanteles carpatus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a possible parasitoid for biological control of clothes moths (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), Journal of Stored Products Research 35, no.33 (Jul 1999): 197–213.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(99)00005-3R.M.M. Traynier, R.K. Schumacher Yeast odours localize oviposition by Tinea translucens and T. pellionella (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), Journal of Stored Products Research 31, no.44 (Oct 1995): 301–305.https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-474X(95)00026-4R.M.M. Traynier, R.K. Schumacher, D.M. Lau Oviposition site selection by Tineola bisselliella, Tinea spp (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) and Anthrenus flavipes (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), Journal of Stored Products Research 30, no.44 (Oct 1994): 321–329.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-474X(94)90323-9DENIS L. FOX PIGMENT TRANSACTIONS BETWEEN ANIMALS AND PLANTS, Biological Reviews 54, no.33 (Aug 1979): 237–268.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1979.tb01012.xPritam Singh Lepidoptera, (Jan 1977): 287–453.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8349-9_11P.J. Herring The carotenoid pigments of Daphnia magna straus—II. Aspects of pigmentary metabolism, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 24, no.11 (Jan 1968): 205–221.https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-406X(68)90968-7R. Beutler Vergleichende Physiologische Chemie, (Jan 1966): 659–970.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-37018-6_2L. R. FISHER, S. K. KON Vitamin a in the Invertebrates, Biological Reviews 34, no.11 (Feb 1959): 1–36.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1959.tb01300.xH. E. Hinton The Larvae of the Species of Tineidae of Economic Importance, Bulletin of Entomological Research 47, no.22 (Jul 2009): 251–346.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300046708H.-J. Bielig Carotinoide und A-Vitamine, (Jan 1955): 954–1068.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-28629-6_14Henrik Dam The biochemistry of fat-soluble vitamins, Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and other Lipids 3 (Jan 1955): 153–212.https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6832(55)90006-9Howard L. House Nutritional Studies with Blattella germanica (L.) Reared Under Aseptic Conditions: III. Five Essential Amino Acids, The Canadian Entomologist 81, no.66 (May 2012): 133–139.https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent81133-6WILLIAM TRAGER INSECT NUTRITION, Biological Reviews 22, no.22 (Apr 1947): 148–177.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1947.tb00327.x Insect Pests of Food, and the Consumer, by R. V. WADSWORTH, F.R.I.C., F.R.E.S., Chief Chemist, Cadbury Brothers, Ltd, Journal of the Royal Sanitary Institute 65, no.33 (Sep 2016): 150–159.https://doi.org/10.1177/146642404506500303R. S. Hartley, F. F. Elsworth, J. Barrritt The Mothproofing of Wool, Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 59, no.1212 (Oct 2008): 266–271.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1943.tb02211.xGeorge Wald The Photoreceptor Function of the Carotenoids and Vitamins A, (Jan 1943): 195–227.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0083-6729(08)60255-1

On Certain Endocranial Structures in Coccosteus

Since 1876, when McCoy described two specimens of tuberculated plates under the name Asterolepis ornata var. australis, placoderm remains have been known to occur in the Middle Devonian marine limestones of Buchan, Victoria, Australia. Some years later, another specimen was obtained from the Buchan limestones by W. H. Ferguson of the Geological Survey of Victoria, and was referred by Chapman (1916) to the genus Phlyctaenaspis. Chapman, regarding McCoy's specimens as cospecific with the new material, included all the remains in the species Phlyctaenaspis australis (McCoy), distinguishing the more complete specimen discovered by Ferguson as P. australis var. confertituberculata Chapman. As Phlyctaenaspis is a form typical of the Lower Devonian, its reported occurrence in the Middle Devonian seemed to warrant further investigation. I therefore undertook a re-examination of all the available material, which is now preserved in the National Museum, Melbourne, and spent some months in removing the matrix from Ferguson's specimen. The matrix is a hard carbonaceous limestone containing remains of Spirifer yassensis and other invertebrates, and it was found that dilute hydrochloric acid would dissolve away this matrix without seriously affecting the fish plates, although care had to be taken not to subject these to too long contact with the acid. When as much of the matrix as possible had been removed mechanically by grinding, the fossil was exposed by brushing the dilute acid on to the remainder with a camel-hair brush, and continually observing the result under a binocular microscope.

A simple Method of collecting Thrips and other Insects from Blossom

During the course of an investigation having as its object the control of Thrips imaginis, Bagnall, a pest of deciduous fruit blossom in Australia, it has been found necessary to make numerous counts of the number of these insects found infesting various flowers. These counts are made for two purposes, the principal one being the determination of the effect of attempted control measures. In addition, counts are taken every day throughout the year for the purpose of following the seasonal fluctuations of the numbers present in the field.At the beginning of the investigation, flowers were picked, placed in closed cardboard cylinders and taken into the laboratory. Each blossom was then examined separately for thrips, the insects being captured by means of a moistened camel-hair brush, with which they were transferred to a small dish of 70 per cent. alcohol. This method was slow and not particularly dependable, as on hot days when the thrips were active, as soon as a flower was placed on the laboratory bench, numbers of insects would leave it and make off in all directions, even taking to flight.As a result of the unsatisfactory nature of the procedure described above, an apparatus has now been devised which is saving both in time and patience, and gives reliable results (fig. 1). It consists of a glass cylinder 5 inches in diameter and 10 inches high. The top is closed with a close-fitting lid.

A Technic for Demonstrating Plasmodesma

Sections of potato tuber and epidermis from veins on the dorsal side of the sunflower leaf have proved most satisfactory in demonstrating plasmodesma. Kill fresh sections 5 minutes in a solution of 0.75 g. KI, 0.50 g. iodine in 100 cc. H2O. Swell 5 minutes in 10% H2SO4. Mordant 5 minutes in a solution of 1.25 g. KI, 1.00 g. iodine in 100 cc. of 5% H2SO4. Wash in 5% H2SO4 until iodine starts to fade. Stain in a mixture of 0.5% gentian violet solution in 5% H2SO4 made up to a deep green color. Wash in a solution of 30 cc. glycerin, 2 g. ZnCl2, 0.2 g. iodine, and a bit of KI in 60 cc. of water. Brush with a camel's hair brush, wash and mount in the same solution.

Decerebrate Preparation (maternal) for Direct Observation of Unanesthetized Mammalian Embryo.

In order to study the living mammalian embryo with placental circulation intact and without the disturbing effects of anesthesia, we have made decerebrate preparations of pregnant rabbits under light ether anesthesia. After transecting the thoracic cord to prevent undue reflex movements of hind limbs, anesthesia is discontinuec. The uterus exposed by abdominal incision, is opened by longitudinal incision in the relatively avascular region, opposite to the placental attachment. Embryo in transparent amniotic sac is extruded by the contracting uterus, but placental attachment is usually not disturbed. Amniotic sac may now be opened. The embryo is kept moist and warm by a constant drip of warm Ringer's solution. Great care must be used not to place the umbilical cord under tension. A camel's hair brush is useful for manipulation. Such preparations kept moist and warm may be continuously observed for at least two hours and probably longer. Even after the placenta was completely separated from the uterus, some...

A NEW METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL

A mother recently brought her daughter, aged 9, to me for the removal of a cherry seed in the right ear canal, which had been there for ten months. Various attempts at removal during this time had failed, and the youngster was quite sensitive with regard to any manipulation about the ear. A smooth, round, large cherry pit could be seen, which entirely filled the auditory canal, and was movable, but stayed close to the drum. Sudden movement of the head produced dizziness and a slight nausea, but no nystagmus. The mother's description of previous unsuccessful attempts to remove this foreign body induced me to try a new method. I dipped a camel's hair brush in liquid glue and held it firmly against the cherry pit for a minute or two. Apparently, the warmth of the ear canal prevented the glue from setting, as there was no cohesion whatever. Next