Calprotectin In Patients Research Articles

Relationship between Entamoeba Histolytica and Fecal Calprotectin in Patients with Gastroenteritis in Kirkuk City, Iraq

Relationship between Entamoeba Histolytica and Fecal Calprotectin in Patients with Gastroenteritis in Kirkuk City, Iraq

Fecal Calprotectin in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

Background and study aim: Cal-protectin is a cytoplasmatic protein of neutrophilic granulocytes and it is an established marker for the assessment of localized intestinal inflammation .Bacterial translocation is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain complications of cirrhosis such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study amid to assess: the value of fecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy, relationship between level of fecal calprotectin and the degree of hepatic encephalopathy. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 90 patients attended to the Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department of Benha University Hospital between March and July 2016. All medical diseases which are known to influence the level of fecal calprotectin were excluded (as: gastro-intestinal bleeding or inflmmatory bowel disease). The degree of liver insufficiency was assessed according to the Child Pugh classifiation and Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD); and degree of hepatic encephalopathy by West-Haven criteria, and the number connection test. Results: The mean value of fecal calprotectin in patients with overt HE was 304.4 ± 41.05 μg/g, and in patients with MHE was 74.4 ± 23.9 μg/g and in the group of liver cirrhosis without encephalopathy was 57.55± 8.92 and in healthy group was 25.22 ± 8.63, respectively with high significant difference (p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between fecal calprotectin and (age, psychometric test, Child-Pugh classification, MELD score and West-Haven criteria). Conclusion: This study confirmed significantly higher values of fecal calprotectin in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Among patints with OHE and patients of MHE, no significant correlation between fecal calprotectin and age, psychometric test, Child classification, MELD score and West-Haven criteria were detected.

Within-Stool and Within-Day Sample Variability of Fecal Calprotectin in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Observational Study.

The use of fecal calprotectin (FC) as a stool biomarker for differentiating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from IBS has been well validated, and there is a strong correlation between FC and the presence of endoscopic inflammatory lesions. However, recent studies have demonstrated intraindividual sample variability in patients with IBD, possibly limiting the reliability of using a single sample for monitoring disease activity. Our aim was to assess the within-stool and within-day sample variability of FC concentrations in patients with IBD. We examined a cross-sectional cohort of 50 adult IBD patients. Eligible patients were instructed to collect 3 samples from different parts of the stool from their first bowel movement of the day and 3 samples from each of up to 2 additional bowel movements within 24 hours. FC concentrations were measured by a rapid, quantitative point-of-care test using lateral flow technology (Quantum Blue). Descriptive statistics were used to assess FC variability within a single bowel movement and between different movements at different FC positivity cutoffs. Within a single bowel movement, there was clinically significant sample variability ranging from 8% to 23% depending on the time of the day or on the FC positivity cutoff value. Between bowel movements, there was clinically significant sample variability ranging from 13% to 26% depending on the FC positivity cutoff. Considering a single FC sample, the first sample of the day with an FC positivity cutoff of 250 μg/g provided the most reliable indication of disease activity.

Fecal Calprotectin in Assessing Endoscopic and Histological Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

Persistent active endoscopic and histological inflammation is associated with poorer outcomes in ulcerative colitis (UC). Fecal calprotectin is a surrogate marker of endoscopic and histological remission. To confirm the correlation between fecal calprotectin and endoscopic or histological disease activity and to define the optimal cutoff value to detect endoscopic and histological remission. From a prospectively maintained database, we analyzed 61 UC patients who had fecal calprotectin measurement and endoscopy performed within 1month. Endoscopic activity was graded using the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES). Histological remission was defined as normal histology or quiescent histological activity. Eighteen patients (29.5%) and five patients (8.1%) had endoscopic remission defined as MES≤1 or MES=0, respectively. We observed a significantly lower median level of fecal calprotectin in patients with endoscopic remission than those with endoscopic activity for both definition of endoscopic remission, i.e., MES≤1 (158 vs 490µg/g, p=0.0005) or MES=0 (94 vs 414µg/g, p=0.013). Seven patients (11.5%) were in histological remission. They had a lower median level of fecal calprotectin than those with active histological inflammation (107 vs 416µg/g, p=0.016). Using a ROC curve, fecal calprotectin<250µg/g predicted endoscopic remission (MES≤1) with a sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 77%, while fecal calprotectin <200µg/g predicted histological remission with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 76%. Fecal calprotectin level correlated with both endoscopic activity and histological activity and is a reliable biomarker in assessing mucosal healing in UC.

P805 Adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased faecal calprotectin in patients after pouch surgery

P805 Adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased faecal calprotectin in patients after pouch surgery

Positive Correlation of Fecal Calprotectin With Serum Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Accidental Numerical Correlation or a New Finding?

BackgroundOxidative stress occuring in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the relationship between oxidative stress, disease activity and inflammatory markers has not been well established. Materials and MethodsA total of 30 patients diagnosed with IBD and 30 volunteers who had normal colonoscopies, selected as controls, were used for this study. The serum levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and total antioxidant capacity) were compared between the 2 groups. Furthermore, their correlations with disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, especially the fecal calprotectin, were examined. ResultsCatalase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were significantly correlated with the level of fecal calprotectin in patients with IBD. Nevertheless, there were no significant correlations between the concentrations of the above-mentioned enzymes and C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or the activity scores of IBD patients. It should be noted that MDA and total antioxidant capacity levels did not correlate with the inflammatory markers or the disease activity scores. ConclusionsThere was a positive correlation between fecal calprotectin and serum antioxidant enzymes in patients with IBD, but, there was no correlation between antioxidant and oxidative markers in terms of disease activity scores. Hence, the observed significant correlation between the antioxidant enzymes and the fecal calprotectin may be due to either the pro-oxidant potential of calprotectin or its antioxidant role.

Calprotectin in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis correlates with disease activity and responsiveness to methotrexate

Objective: Calprotectin (myeloid-related protein 8/14) is elevated in inflammatory diseases and a correlation of serum calprotectin and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been shown. In this study, we investigated plasma calprotectin as a disease marker in patients with chronic RA treated with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy and compared plasma calprotectin with C-reactive protein (CRP) in this matter.Methods: Seventy-six patients with chronic RA were included in this open prospective study and of these 40 were included prior to initiation of MTX therapy. The patients were followed with laboratory and clinical parameters for 52–56 weeks. Plasma calprotectin was analyzed at the start of study and at various intervals. Radiographic evaluation was performed at baseline and after 17.2 months and progression in joint destruction was measured with Larsen score. The response to MTX was evaluated according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria.Results: Patients starting MTX treatment had significantly higher levels of plasma calprotectin compared to patients well established on MTX therapy (p = .008). Among the 40 patients naive to MTX, 25 responded to MTX therapy and serum calprotectin decreased significantly in these patients (p = .0007). The radiographic damage showed no relation to calprotectin.Conclusions: Plasma calprotectin is associated with disease activity in patients with chronic RA and is more strongly correlated to MTX response compared to CRP. The role of calprotectin as a disease marker is promising and the advantages compared to CRP needs to be further investigated.

Serial semi-quantitative measurement of fecal calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission

Background: Fecal calprotectin (FC) correlates with clinical and endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis (UC), and it is a good predictor of relapse. However, its use in clinical practice is constrained by the need for the patient to deliver stool samples, and for their handling and processing in the laboratory. The availability of hand held devices might spread the use of FC in clinical practice.Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of a rapid semi-quantitative test of FC in predicting relapse in patients with UC in remission.Materials and methods: Prospective, multicenter study that included UC patients in clinical remission for ≥6 months on maintenance treatment with mesalamine. Patients were evaluated clinically and semi-quantitative FC was measured using a monoclonal immunochromatography rapid test at baseline and every three months until relapse or 12 months of follow-up.Results: One hundred and ninety-one patients had at least one determination of FC. At the end of follow-up, 33 patients (17%) experienced clinical relapse. Endoscopic activity at baseline (p = .043) and having had at least one FC > 60 μg/g during the study period (p = .03) were associated with a higher risk of relapse during follow-up. We obtained a total of 636 semi-quantitative FC determinations matched with a three-month follow-up clinical assessment. Having undetectable FC was inversely associated with early relapse (within three months), with a negative predictive value of 98.6% and a sensitivity of 93.9%.Conclusions: Serial, rapid semi-quantitative measurement of FC may be a useful, easy and cheap monitoring tool for patients with UC in remission.

Faecal lactoferrin and calprotectin in patients with Clostridium difficile infection: a case–control study

Calprotectin and lactoferrin are released by the gastrointestinal tract in response to infection and mucosal inflammation. Our objective was to assess the usefulness of quantifying faecal lactoferrin and calprotectin concentrations in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) patients with or without free toxins in the stools. We conducted a single-centre 22-month case-control study. Patients with a positive CDI diagnosis were compared to two control groups: group 1=diarrhoeic patients negative for C. difficile and matched (1:1) to CDI cases on the ward location and age, and group 2=diarrhoeic patients colonised with a non-toxigenic strain of C. difficile. Faecal lactoferrin and calprotectin concentrations in faeces were determined for patients with CDI and controls. Of 135 patients with CDI, 87 (64.4%) had a positive stool cytotoxicity assay (free toxin) and 48 (35.6%) had a positive toxigenic culture without detectable toxins in the stools. The median lactoferrin values were 26.8μg/g, 8.0μg/g and 15.8μg/g in CDI patients and groups 1 and 2, respectively. The median calprotectin values were 218.0μg/g, 111.5μg/g and 111.3μg/g, respectively. Among patients with CDI, faecal lactoferrin and calprotectin levels were higher in those with free toxins in their stools (39.2 vs. 10.2μg/g, p=0.003 and 274.0 vs. 166.0μg/g, p=0.051, respectively). Both faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin were higher in patients with CDI, especially in those with detectable toxin in faeces, suggesting a correlation between intestinal inflammation and toxins in stools.

Does probiotic supplementation affect pulmonary exacerbation and intestinal inflammation in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) usually have abnormal intestinal microbiota due to massive exposure to antibiotics. Probiotics could modify the gut microbiota and hence may affect CF management. So the aim of present systematic review was evaluation of the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation for the management of cystic fibrosis. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Cochrane Library Databases until January 2016 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed in pediatric or adult populations related to the study aim. Key words were selected based on Mesh terms. Based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist, eligibility of included articles was evaluated. Five studies included in this review represent 188 participants with a follow up period ranging from 1 month to 6 months. The results of the included studies supporting the use of probiotics in management of pulmonary exacerbation and intestinal calprotectin in patients with cystic fibrosis. However the level of evidence was limited. The lack of high quality RCTs makes it impossible to support a general recommendation about the use of probiotics in the treatment of CF pulmonary exacerbation and intestinal inflammation.

Elevated calprotectin in patients with atrial fibrillation with and without heart failure

Calprotectin is an inflammatory marker, which has been found elevated in patients suffering from cardiac conditions, e.g. myocardial infarction, unstable angina and chronic heart failure. Inflammation has further been linked to atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the association between calprotectin and AF is unknown. We aimed to compare calprotectin levels in patients suffering from AF with healthy adults. In addition, AF patients with and without heart failure were compared. Calprotectin was measured in patients undergoing elective direct current cardioversion for AF. Calprotectin was determined before, 4 hours and 3 months after cardioversion. Healthy blood donors were used to verify the reference interval for calprotectin. In total, 104 prospectively enrolled patients were included. The median serum calprotectin level for AF patients was 1.6 μg/mL before cardioversion. Calprotectin levels increased significantly 4 h (1.9 μg/mL) and 3 months (2.2 μg/mL) after cardioversion. Blood donors’ median serum calprotectin (1.3 μg/mL) was significantly lower than AF patients. AF patients with heart failure had significantly higher calprotectin at baseline compared with AF patients without a history of heart failure (2.0 μg/mL vs. 1.5 μg/mL). The difference was not significant at 4 h (2.0 μg/mL vs. 1.7 μg/mL) or 3 months (2.5 μg/mL vs. 2.2 μg/mL). In conclusion, the calprotectin levels in patients with AF were significantly higher than healthy blood donors and were further increased after cardioversion. AF patients with heart failure had significantly higher levels of calprotectin than AF patients without heart failure.

Calprotectin in rheumatic diseases: a review.

Calprotectin also known as MRP8/14 or S100A8/A9 is a heterodimeric complex of two S100 calcium-binding proteins: myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP-8 or S100A8) and MRP-14 (or S100A9). At present, according to many authors, it is considered that calprotectin MRP8/14 is a potentially more sensitive biomarker of disease activity in rheumatoid disease than conventional inflammatory indices such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and others. A review of the literature on concentration of calprotectin in patients with some rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult-onset Still’s disease, systemic vasculitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, ankylosis spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and primary Sjögren’s syndrome) is presented.

The prognostic significance of faecal calprotectin in patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease.

Faecal calprotectin, an established biomarker used to assess mucosal inflammation, has been shown to correlate with endoscopic activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Longitudinal monitoring of faecal calprotectin, however, has rarely been employed beyond assessment of therapy response and post hoc analyses of clinical trials. To study whether consecutive measurements of faecal calprotectin every third month are useful for monitoring patients with IBD in clinical remission. Patients aged 18 years or older, with a known diagnosis of IBD in clinical remission, were prospectively studied. Patients provided faecal samples every third month and were prospectively followed until the first clinical relapse or the end of the 2-year follow-up period. Measurements (EK-CAL, Bühlmann Lab. AG, Switzerland) were done at the end of the study. A Cox model with time-dependent covariates was used for analysis. Among 104 patients, Crohn's disease (n = 49) and ulcerative colitis (n = 55), 37 had a relapse. A doubling of faecal calprotectin level between two consecutively collected samples was associated with a 101% increased risk of relapse (HR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.53-2.65; P < 0.001). The relative risk of relapse attenuated with time (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.75-0.86; P < 0.001), by a 20% decrease in risk of relapse per 3-month period since the sample was obtained. By consecutively measuring faecal calprotectin every third month, we quantified the risk of relapse related to faecal calprotectin change and observed attenuation of the risk across time. Our data suggest that longitudinal monitoring of faecal calprotectin is informative in predicting relapse in IBD.

Faecal calprotectin in patients with suspected colorectal cancer: a diagnostic accuracy study.

NICE guidance exists for the use of faecal calprotectin (FC) when irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease are suspected. Often, however, colorectal cancer is considered within the differential. Should FC have a high diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer, it may be applicable as a primary care screening test for all patients with lower gastrointestinal symptoms. To determine the negative and positive predictive value (NPV/PPV) of FC in patients referred from primary care with suspected colorectal cancer. A diagnostic accuracy study conducted at a single secondary care site Consenting patients referred with suspected colorectal cancer within the '2-week wait' pathway provided a stool sample for FC prior to investigation. FC levels were reconciled with end diagnoses: cancer, adenomatous polyps ≥10 mm, and all enteric organic disease. A total of 654 patients completed the evaluation; median age 69 years, female 56%. The NPV for colorectal cancer was 98.6% and 97.2% when including polyps ≥10 mm. The PPV for all organic enteric disease was 32.7%. The diagnostic yield for cancer based on clinical suspicion was 6.3%. By altering the FC cut-off to fix the NPV at 97.0%, the PPV for cancer increased from 8.7% to 13.3%. FC has a high NPV for colorectal cancer and significant polyps in patients with suspected cancer. In total, 27.8% of patients had a normal FC and could safely have been spared a '2-week wait' referral. The addition of FC testing into the current symptom-based assessment has the potential to increase colorectal cancer detection rate yet be clinically and cost effective.

PWE-016 Faecal Calprotectin Has an Acceptable Sensitivity for Detecting Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease: Results from Real World Clinical Practice: Abstract PWE-016 Table 1

Introduction Faecal calprotectin ‘FC’ is a quick, non-invasive and inexpensive test proven to correlate well with colonic inflammation. It is used in our institution to also exclude active small bowel Crohn’s disease ‘CD’ although its reliability in such cases has recently been questioned. Using a higher cut-off FC value may exclude active disease in those with known inflammatory bowel disease with a higher specificity and reduce the number of false positives. 1,2 The aim of this study was to assess whether FC compared to gold standard magnetic resonance enterography ‘MRE’ can reliably be used in small bowel CD as a screening tool to select those needing further investigation. Methods Data from all CD patients who had undergone MRE to assess for active small bowel CD between January 2012 to November 2015 were reviewed. Patients with a known or new diagnosis of ileal or ileo-caecal crohn’s (Montreal classification L1 phenotype) or ileo-colonic crohn’s (L3 phenotype) with endoscopic and histologically-proven quiescent colonic disease were included. Data was analysed using Mann-Whitney U testing. Results 194 MREs were performed for investigation of possible small bowel CD during the study period. 64 patients were included for analysis; L1 disease = 90.6% (58 patients), L3 = 9.4% (6 patients). 50% were female. The median age was 48 years (range 17–76 years). Median time between FC and MRE was 30 days (range 0–180 days). 35 patients (54.7%) were Montreal disease behaviour B1, 24 patients (37.5%) with B2 and 5 patients (7.8%) with B3. 4 patients (6%) had peri-anal involvement. 26 patients (41%) had previous Crohn’s-related resectional surgery. 39 patients (60.9%) had evidence of active small bowel CD at MRE. The median FC in the active CD group was 246 mg/kg (IQR 556) and 49 mg/kg for the inactive small bowel disease group (IQR 177.5); p Table 1 shows results for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ‘PPV’ and negative predictive value ‘NPV’ of different FC cut-off values in detecting any degree of small bowel activity at MRE. Conclusion In this study we compared FC results to MRE to exclude or confirm active small bowel CD in real-world clinical practice. This data demonstrates that by using a cut-off value of 50 mg/kg, an acceptable sensitivity for detecting active small bowel CD is achievable. However, at this cut-off value, specificity is low; nevertheless using FC will still reduce demand for MRE. References 1 F. Fasci-Spurio, A. Chiappini, V. Buonocore, S. Cannizzaro, Z. Maddalena, F. Maccioni, P. Vernia. (2014) Faecal calprotectin concentrations in Crohn’s patients with ileal disease location: correlations with disease activity as seen by MRI enterography. European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation . 2 MF Hale, K Drew, ME McAlindon, AJ Lobo, R Sidhu. (2015). PTU-054 Faecal calprotectin in patients with suspected small bowel crohn’s disease: correlation with small bowel capsule endoscopy. Gut 2015 ;64:A83. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309861.169 Disclosure of Interest None Declared

PWE-026 7-Alpha-Cholestenone and Faecal Calprotectin in Patients with Collagenous Colitis

Introduction Collagenous colitis (CC) causes chronic, watery diarrhoea.1 Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) often accompanies CC2,3 and CC can respond to treatment with BA sequestrants.4 The European Microscopic Colitis Group (EMCG) advises that BAM should be sought in investigation for CC.1 The selenium-labelled homocholic acid-taurine (SeHCAT) test is considered the gold standard for BAM diagnosis; however, serum 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (7 aC) is simpler and less expensive, with comparable sensitivity.5 Faecal calprotectin (FC) is well-established as a biomarker of bowel inflammation, but data in CC is scant.6 We present data from a tertiary referral centre on 7 aC and FC in patients with CC. Methods Pathology records were interrogated for patients diagnosed with CC (2000–2015), extracting results on 7 aC and FC. Results are presented as mean (±SD) or median (range). Results Over 15 years, 399 patients were diagnosed with CC (280 F/119 M). Of these, 164 were excluded from further analysis due to lack of appropriate data. 7 aC was available in 83 (20.8%) patients, mean levels of 11.5 ± 9.70 ng/ml. 11/83 (13.3%) patients had elevated 7 aC . FC levels were measured in 101 (25.3%) patients, mean levels 251.89 ± 282.62 µg/g. Of these, 76/101 (75.2%) had elevated FC ≥ 50 µg/g (FC ≥ 100 µg/g: 63/101; FC ≥ 200 µg/g: 30/101). Of the 101 patients with FC measurement, 76 had FC results ± 30 days from the point of histological diagnosis. In this group, median FC was 165 µg/g, range 20–1375 µg/g. Conclusion This is the first cohort data on 7 aC in CC. Our findings confirm that a significant proportion of CC patients have co-existing BAM; however, the incidence is lower than that reported in other studies using SeHCAT. The high incidence of raised FC in our cohort supports the position that FC is a useful marker of histologic inflammation in CC. References 1 Munch A, et al. Microscopic colitis: current status, present and future challenges: statements of the European Microscopic Colitis Group. J Crohns Colitis. 201;6:932–45. 2 Wildt S, et al. Bile Acid Malabsorption in Patients with Chronic Diarrhoea: Clinical Value of SeHCAT Test. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003;38:826–30. 3 Fernandez-Banares F, et al. Bile acid malabsorption in microscopic colitis and in previously unexplained functional chronic diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci 2001;46:2231–8. 4 Munch A, Langner C. Microscopic colitis: clinical and pathologic perspectives. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:228–36. 5 Brydon W G, et al. An evaluation of the use of serum 7-alpha-hydroxycholestenone as a diagnostic test of bile acid malabsorption causing watery diarrhea. Can J Gastroenterol 2011;25:319–23. 6 Wildt S, et al. Metabolic and inflammatory faecal markers in collagenous colitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:567–74. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Correlation of Fecal Calprotectin with Small Bowel MRI Findings in Crohn’s Disease

Objective : In Crohn’s disease, correlation of fecal neutrophil-derived biomarker calprotectin with small bowel magnet resonance enteroclysis (MRE) is scarcely studied. Methods : 51 consecutive Crohn’s disease patients undergoing MRE and having a measured fecal calprotectin at the time of the MRE were retrospectively studied. MRE findings were scored by an experienced radiologist according to a ranking taking into account 15 MRE variables. Furthermore, radiologist assessed the MRE findings as active, inactive or normal. Results : Median fecal calprotectin in patients with active ileal inflammation was significantly higher (281 μg/g, interquartil range IQR 66-574) than in those without signs of active inflammation in MRE (83 μg/g, IQR 48-245 p =0.0435). Fecal calprotectin correlated significantly with bowel wall thickening and enhancement detected in MRE. Using receiver operator characteristic curve, the highest sum for sensitivity (60%) and specificity (76%) was achieved at calprotectin concentration 213 μg/g to detect active Crohn’s disease. Conclusion : Fecal calprotectin correlates significantly with signs of active Crohn’s disease in MRE and is significantly higher among patients with active inflammatory MRE finding than in those without signs of active inflammation.

Tu1934 Assessment of Serum C-Reactive Protein, Fecal Lactoferrin, and Fecal Calprotectin in Patients With Moderate-Severely Active Crohns Disease: Results From the IM UNITI Maintenance Study

Tu1934 Assessment of Serum C-Reactive Protein, Fecal Lactoferrin, and Fecal Calprotectin in Patients With Moderate-Severely Active Crohns Disease: Results From the IM UNITI Maintenance Study

P573. Assessment of serum C-reactive protein, faecal lactoferrin, and faecal calprotectin in patients with Crohn’s disease: results from the UNITI-1 and UNITI-2 Ustekinumab induction studies

P573. Assessment of serum C-reactive protein, faecal lactoferrin, and faecal calprotectin in patients with Crohn’s disease: results from the UNITI-1 and UNITI-2 Ustekinumab induction studies

Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in Familial Mediterranean Fever

Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is an example of a damage associated molecular pattern and a TLR4 ligand. It is expressed in neutrophils, monocytes and early infiltrating macrophages. Calprotectin, once secreted, has a number of pro-inflammatory effects on activated endothelium and on phagocytes and reflects activation of the innate immune system. Calprotectin has been demonstrated to be secreted during inflammation and play a role in a number of inflammatory diseases. In view of calprotectin reflecting monocyte activation, we aimed to investigate calprotectin in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF).