Caloric Requirements Research Articles

Determinants of Urban food security status at household level: The case of Bahir Dar and Gondar Cities of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Despite its growing relevance and far-reaching implications, urban food security has received little attention from the government of Ethiopia. Culturally, food insecurity is commonly expected in rural households. However, it is considerable in urban settings too, which has been hardly recognized in the study area. The general objective of this study was to identify factors determining household food security in urban areas. The study relied on survey data from 365 systematically selected urban household heads. Key informant interviews and FGDs were employed to supplement the structured questionnaire. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of household food security. The study revealed that only 31% of married households were food insecure, contrary to 80% of single-headed ones. Besides, food insecurity is most prevalent among private house renters, 83%, as opposed to 28% who own their houses. The Foster-Gordon-Thorbecke model revealed that food insecurity’s incident, depth, and severity were 54%, 15%, and 5.6%, respectively. This implies that if the regional government can mobilize to cover 15% of the caloric needs of food-insecure households, it can bring them up to the recommended daily caloric requirement so that food insecurity can be eradicated. At P < 0.05, the binary logistic regression model indicated that sex, house ownership, income, marital status, remittances, and credit services were significant drivers of household food insecurity. The particular characteristics and drivers of urban food security and the vast inequalities within metropolitan regions necessitate customized programs and policies that address the needs of the urban poor. The study recommended that private, government, and NGOs be actively involved and provide top and urgent priority to increase the income-generating capability, stabilize skyrocketing prices, build communal housing, and provide loans with affordable interest rates.

Exploring a Future with Perennial Rye

For thousands of years, farmers have reaped the benefits of perennial crops, from fruit trees to alfalfa to grapes. Today, farmers and researchers are looking for other perennial crops that require less water and nutrient input than annuals and provide a reliable and economically sustainable food source for their farming enterprises. Recent studies have begun to explore the potential of perennial grains to support new agricultural systems that can meet global caloric requirements on the current footprint of cultivated agricultural land. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning-Center/Courses.

Harnessing intra-varietal variation for agro-morphological and nutritional traits in a popular rice landrace for sustainable food security in tropical islands.

Rice crop meets the calorie and nutritional requirements of a larger segment of the global population. Here, we report the occurrence of intra-varietal variation in a popular rice landrace C14-8 traditionally grown under the geographical isolation of the Andaman Islands. Based on grain husk color, four groups were formed, wherein the extent of intra-varietal variation was studied by employing 22 agro-morphological and biochemical traits. Among the traits studied, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and grain yield exhibited a wider spectrum of variability due to more coefficients of variation (>25%). The first five principal components (PCs) of principal components analysis explained a significant proportion of the variation (91%) and the first two PCs explained 63.3% of the total variation, with PC1 and PC2 explaining 35.44 and 27.91%, respectively. A total of 50 highly variable SSR (HvSSR) markers spanning over 12 chromosomes produced 314 alleles, which ranged from 1 to 15 alleles per marker, with an average of 6.28. Of the 314 alleles, 64 alleles were found to be rare among the C14-8 selections. While 62% of HvSSR markers exhibited polymorphism among the C14-8 population, chromosomes 2, 7, 9, and 11 harbored the most polymorphic loci. The group clustering of the selections through HvSSR markers conformed to the grouping based on grain husk coloration. Our studies on the existence and pertinence of intra-varietal variations are expected to be of significance in the realms of evolutionary biology and sustainable food and nutritional security under the changing climate.

Reduced tillage and crop diversification can improve productivity and profitability of rice-based rotations of the Eastern Gangetic Plains.

Intensive rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems in south Asia provide much of the calorie and protein requirements of low to middle-income rural and urban populations. Intensive tillage practices demand more resources, damage soil quality, and reduce crop yields and profit margins. Crop diversification along with conservation agriculture (CA)-based management practices may reduce external input use, improve resource-use efficiency, and increase the productivity and profitability of intensive cropping systems. A field study was conducted on loamy soil in a sub-tropical climate in northern Bangladesh to evaluate the effects of three tillage options and six rice-based cropping sequences on grain, calorie, and protein yields and gross margins (GM) for different crops and cropping sequences. The three tillage options were: (1) conservation agriculture (CA) with all crops in sequences untilled, (2) alternating tillage (AT) with the monsoon season rice crop tilled but winter season crops untilled, and (3) conventional tillage (CT) with all crops in sequences tilled. The six cropping sequences were: rice-rice (R-R), rice-mung bean (Vigna radiata) (R-MB), rice-wheat (Triticum aestivum) (R-W), rice-maize (Zea mays) (R-M), rice-wheat-mung bean (R-W-MB), and rice-maize-mung bean (R-M-MB). Over three years of experimentation, the average monsoon rice yield was 8% lower for CA than CT, but the average winter crops yield was 13% higher for CA than CT. Systems rice equivalent yield (SREY) and systems calorie and protein yields were about 5%, 3% and 6%, respectively, higher under CA than CT; additionally, AT added approximately 1% more to these benefits. The systems productivity gain under CA and AT resulted in higher GM by 16% while reducing the labor and total production cost under CA than CT. The R-M rotation had higher SREY, calorie, protein yields, and GM by 24%, 26%, 66%, and 148%, respectively, than the predominantly practiced R-R rotation. The R-W-MB rotation had the highest SREY (30%) and second highest (118%) GM. Considering the combined effect of tillage and cropping system, CA with R-M rotation showed superior performance in terms of SREY, protein yield, and GM. The distribution of labor use and GM across rotations was grouped into four categories: R-W in low-low (low labor use and low GM), R-M in low-high (low labor use and high GM), R-W-MB and R-M-MB in high-high (high labor use and high GM) and R-R and R-MB in high-low (high labor use and low GM). In conclusion, CA performed better than CT in different winter crops and cropping systems but not in monsoon rice. Our results demonstrate the multiple benefits of partial and full CA-based tillage practices employed with appropriate crop diversification to achieve sustainable food security with greater calorie and protein intake while maximizing farm profitability of intensive rice-based rotational systems.

P395 Short-term clinical efficacy and safety of teduglutide for Crohn’s disease patients with short bowel syndrome

Abstract Background The short-term effects of teduglutide (TED) for short bowel syndrome with chronic intestinal failure (SBS–IF) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) remain unknown and real-world data have not been scarce. This study aimed to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of TED in CD patients on parenteral support (PS) for SBS–IF. Methods We retrospectively investigated the medical records of CD patients with SBS–IF who initiated TED between January 2020 and October 2022 in Hyogo Medical University hospital. The primary outcomes were the change in PS volume and proportion of patients with a reduction of PS volume by ≥20% at week 4. Secondary outcomes were the changes in body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin, hematocrit (Ht), PS calorie requirements, withdrawal from PS, and adverse events during the observation period. Results Of 605 CD patients, 23 who underwent home PS for SBS–IF were included in this study. Twenty patients continued TED throughout the observation period. The median PS duration was 11.6 (range 1.0-20.0) years and the observation period after starting TED was 48.0 (7.0-60.0) weeks. TED significantly reduced the PS volume from 17989(570-49000) mL/week to 14257(0-42000) mL/week at week 4 (p = 0.0013), and the PS volume decreased by ≥20% in 8 patients (40.0%) at week 4 and in 16 patients (80.0%) during the observation period after TED administration. The BMI significantly increased from 17.9 (12.9–23.9) kg/m2 before TED administration and 18.9 (14.6–25.4) kg/m2 after TED administration (p = 0.014). Although there were no significant differences in albumin (p = 0.53), eGFR (p = 0.66), and Ht (p = 0.089), the PS calorie /week was significantly decreased from 6581 (244–14000) kcal to 3747(0– 8820) kcal after TED administration (p = 0.0001). Ten patients (50.0%) experienced gastrointestinal stoma complications, including stoma swelling and/or prolapse during the observation period. Abdominal pain occurred in 7 cases (35.0%), catheter-related infection in five patients (25.0%), oedema in 4 patients (20.0%), nausea in 2 patients (10.0%), abdominal distension in 3 patients (15.0%), and upper respiratory tract infection in 1 patient (5.0%). All the symptoms were transient and tolerable. Although 3 patients discontinued TED due to nausea and abdominal pain and were excluded from this analysis, these symptoms improved after the discontinuation. Conclusion TED reduced PS volume at week 4 in CD patients with SBS–IF, and the BMI and the PS calorie requirement were improved during the observational period without serious adverse events.

A healthy diet for a growing population: a case study of Arua, Uganda

It is uncertain whether Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG2), a healthy diet for all, can be achieved in East Africa given its strong population growth, low agricultural yields, and the high perishability of nutrient-dense foods. We examine the consequences of a locally produced healthy diet on land use in a case study of the Arua district in Uganda. This type of analysis can alert policy makers to looming nutrition gaps and support the selection of alternative solution strategies. Using a linear programming (LP) model and three population growth projections, we estimate the minimum agricultural area needed in 2040 to produce a healthy diet that follows EAT-Lancet dietary diversity guidelines and supplies the average requirements of calories, proteins, Iron, and vitamin A. We also compare in scenarios to what extent i) production intensification, ii) food loss reduction, iii) by-product consumption, and iv) vitamin supplementation could reduce the required agricultural area. Results show that the necessary area to produce a healthy diet in 2040 is 160% larger than Arua’s current crop area and would greatly exceed the district’s total area. We also show that none of the changes proposed in our scenarios allows a sufficient increase in food production, suggesting that a mix of even more drastic changes across sectors will be necessary. The results underline the challenge for rural areas in East Africa like Arua to provide a healthy diet to its fast growing population, requiring integrated food system changes and policy coordination to orchestrate the increased availability of diverse and nutritious foods.

Association between total available nutritional quality and food expenditure in Peruvian households, 2019-2020.

Evidence points to a direct relationship between nutritional quality and food expenditure. However, food expenditure is highly susceptible to changes, and nutritional quality of household food presents limited evidence. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between nutritional quality available and total food expenditure in Peruvian households, and whether there were differences by area (urban and rural) and between years of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, we used Peru's National Household Survey (ENAHO) from 2019 and 2020. We assessed total food expenditure in US dollars per day, whereas household nutritional quality available was assessed based on dietary diversity and compliance with the household calorie requirements, percentage of food expenditure, and potential confounders. We used the Student's t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression, and the Wald test to assess the interaction effect. Households with adequate total/partial nutritional quality available by area were found to spend, on average, USD 2.00 more in urban than in rural areas and, by year, they presented 7.1% more percentage of food expenditure in 2020 than in 2019. Despite associations existing between nutritional quality available and total food expenditure by year and study area, the effect modification was only present by study area. In multivariable model, households with adequate total/partial nutritional quality available consistently presented a lower total food expenditure by year, with a lower total food expenditure in urban areas. An inverse relationship was found between nutritional quality available and total food expenditure, in contrast to the direct relationship of studies assessing dietary cost and nutritional quality. Our results reflect the nutritional deficit in the food purchases of Peruvian households.

IMPACT OF CALORIE RESTRICTION ON PLASMA ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE BIOMARKERS IN HEALTHY YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS

Abstract Midlife cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Moderate calorie restriction (CR) in healthy, non-obese young and middle-aged adults improves cardiometabolic risk factors. Plasma concentrations of amyloid β oligomers (Aβ-42 and Aβ-40) and total tau are emerging biomarkers of AD pathology. Our objective was to determine the impact of two years of CR in healthy young and middle-aged adults on Aβ-42, Aβ-40, and total tau in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) Study. Participants were randomized 2:1 to 24 months of CR (prescribed as 25% reduction in baseline calorie requirements) versus an ad libitum (AL) diet. We quantified plasma Aβ-42, Aβ-40, and total tau using the ultrasensitive single molecule array (SIMOA) technology at baseline and two years in a subset of CALERIE (N=133). We used linear regression to evaluate the impact of CR, including age, sex, and presence/absence of the APOE-ε4 risk allele as covariates. We hypothesized that there would be differential CR effects based on APOE-ε4 carrier status; to test this, we included an interaction term. As compared to AL, there was a trend towards decreased Aβ-40, controlling for age, baseline Aβ-40 concentrations, and APOE-ε4 carrier status (β=-12.59, 95% CI[-27.14, 1.96], p=0.093) with 12% (average achieved) CR. The CR*APOE-ε4 carrier status interaction term was significant at a pre-defined threshold of p&amp;lt;0.10 (p=0.062). Stratified by APOE-ε4 carrier status, CR was associated with a decrease in plasma Aβ-40 (β=-33.72, 95% CI[-65.16,-2.09], p=0.041). In conclusion, moderate CR in healthy, non-obese young and middle-aged adults impacts plasma biomarkers of AD risk, primarily in APOE-ε4 carriers.

Comparison of Acceptability Test of Alternative Diabetic Snacks Obtain from Fiber and Protein Levels Pineapple Moringa Velva with Addition of Oatmeal

Diabetes is a major public health problem. For diabetics, diet shows great potential in controlling blood glucose levels by practicing regular eating patterns, either snacking between meals. Then, it’s important to consume foods with a low glycemic index, meanwhile fulfill daily protein and fiber intake. This study aims to identify organoleptic tests, along with analysis of fiber and protein levels from the best organoleptic test results. This type of research was a pre-experimental design on 3 groups velva. Organoleptic tests were performed on 25 trained panelists using purposive sampling. Analysis technique uses kruskall wallis and mann whitney test. Also, laboratory tests for fiber and protein levels. The results of this study are diabetics have a daily calorie requirement of 1,500 kcal. Moreover, 150 kcal is required for one snack, 7.5 g of protein and 2.5 g for fiber is needed. In addition, based on the results of the organoleptic test, the best velva is formulation 3 (KN 03). The average value obtained from 25 panelists is 3.38. The fiber content contained in the formulation 3 velva is 3.19 g/100 g. Meanwhile, the protein content per 100 g is 8.68 g. The conclusion of this study is that diabetics can consume velva at a rate of 1 cup (100 g) with 151.9 kcal calories per snack consumption to meet 10% of their daily fiber and protein needs. The implication of this research is to find the best velva formulation with high fiber and protein levels for diabetics

ROLE OF PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ON FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN ODISHA

This study substantiates the role of public distribution system in food security by evaluating the expansion of the state-run food aid program in the state of Odisha, India. Over the years, percentage of households’ consumption of rice, wheat and sugar from PDS has been increasing whereas there has been a decrease in consumption of kerosene from 2009-10 to 2011-12. Comparisons of rural and urban households of Odisha, show that rural households hold a major share in PDS consumption of all items except for wheat. Also, majority of the rural households possess ration cards whereas majority of the urban population do not possess. In rural Odisha, calorie intake has seen moderate improvement from 1995 calories per capita in 1972-73 to 2116 calories per capita in 2011-12. Intake of fat has also increased significantly from 8 per cent to 24 per cent during the same period whereas protein intake has remained stagnant. Thus, provision of pulses and protein-rich foods through PDS can improve the situation. The overall study suggests that the PDS has positively impacted the households food security in the region, however, it does not entirely meet the adequate calorie requirements. KEY WORD: PDS, Food Security, Per-Capita Calorie, Odisha,

Low-carbohydrate vegan diets in diabetes for weight loss and sustainability: a randomized controlled trial

Low-carbohydrate, high animal fat and protein diets have been promoted for weight loss and diabetes treatment. We therefore tested the effect of a low-carbohydrate vegan diet in diabetes as a potentially healthier and more ecologically sustainable low-carbohydrate option. We sought to compare the effectiveness of a low-carbohydrate vegan diet with a moderate-carbohydrate vegetarian diet on weight loss and metabolic measures in diabetes. One hundred and sixty-four male and female participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to advice on either a low-carbohydrate vegan diet, high in canola oil and plant proteins, or a vegetarian therapeutic diet, for 3 mo, with both diets recommended at 60% of calorie requirements. Body weight, fasting blood, blood pressure, and 7-d food records, to estimate potential greenhouse gas emissions, were obtained throughout the study with tests of cholesterol absorption undertaken at baseline and end of study on 50 participants. Both low-carbohydrate vegan and vegetarian diets similarly but markedly reduced body weight (-5.9 kg; 95% CI: -6.5, -5.28 kg; and -5.23 kg; 95% CI: -5.84, -4.62 kg), glycated hemoglobin (-0.99%; 95% CI: -1.07, -0.9%; and -0.88%; 95% CI: -0.97, -0.8%), systolic blood pressure (-4 mmHg; 95% CI: -7, -2 mmHg; and -6 mmHg; 95% CI: -8, -3 mmHg), and potential greenhouse gas emissions, but only for potential greenhouse gas emissions was there a significant treatment difference of -0.63 kgCO2/d (95% CI: -0.99, -0.27 kgCO2/d) favoring the low-carbohydrate vegan diet. Low-carbohydrate vegan and vegetarian diets reduced body weight, improved glycemic control and blood pressure, but the more plant-based diet had greater potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02245399.

Predicting risk of obesity and meal planning to reduce the obese in adulthood using artificial intelligence.

BackgroundAn unhealthy diet or excessive amount of food intake creates obesity issues in human beings that further may cause several diseases such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Cancers, etc. Obesity is a major risk factor for PCOS, which is a common disease in women and is significantly correlated with weight gain.MethodsThis study is providing a one-step solution for predicting the risk of obesity using different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms such as Gradient Boosting (GB), Bagging meta-estimator (BME), XG Boost (XGB), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K Nearest Neighbour (KNN). A dataset is collected from the UCI ML repository having features of physical description and eating habits of individuals to train the proposed model.ResultsThe model has been experimented with different training and testing data ratios such as (90:10, 80:20, 70:30,60:40). At a data ratio of 90:10, the GB classifier achieved the highest accuracy i.e., 98.11%. Further, at the 80:20 ratio, the GB and XGB provide the same result i.e., 97.87%. For the 70:30 data ratio, XGB achieves the highest accuracy i.e., 97.79%. Further, the Nearest Neighbour (NN) learning method is applied to meal planning to overcome obesity.ConclusionThis method predicts the meal which includes breakfast, morning snacks, lunch, evening snacks, and dinner for the individual as per caloric and macronutrient requirements. The proposed research work can be used by practitioners to check obesity levels and to suggest meals to reduce the obese in adulthood.

Microbial biofortification: A sustainable route to grow nutrient-rich crops under changing climate

Crop improvement programs are facing serious challenges to sustain food and more importantly nutritional demand from global population, due to changing climate. Major staple cereals provide the caloric requirement for the global population, but are poor sources of micronutrients. Besides nutritional dilution due to the yield-oriented breeding, and unprecedented increase in atmospheric CO 2 , altered composition of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere is seen as a plausible reason driving low nutrient accumulation in cereals. A complex network of signalling between plant and microbes in the rhizosphere reveals extensive links between environment, microbes and crop nutrition. Despite established roles of rhizospheric microbes on crop nutrient dynamics, limited knowledge is available on the impact of climate change on rhizosphere biology and the subsequent modulation of crop nutrition. Here, we emphasize the potential role of microbes to help sustain the global nutritional demand, achieved through the development of microbiome responsive nutrient rich staple crops. To succeed in this goal, dynamics of rhizosphere biology altered by climate change factors (CO 2 , temperature, precipitation), farming practices and soil properties needs to be untangled and a robust research pathway established to enhance crop nutrition with microbial biofortification to ensure a sustainable route to achieve global nutritional security. • Modern cultivars of major cereal crops are poor in grain nutrients. • Climate change drivers alter rhizospheric microbial diversity and activity. • Rhizospheric microbiome regulates nutrient supply to crop under variable climate. • Favourable microbial association is vital to develop nutrient rich crops.

Macronutrient intake pattern among type 2 diabetic adults visiting a tertiary care hospital of rural Vadodara

The management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus requires a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. The present study was undertaken to correlate the dietary practices, anthropometric and biochemical parameters with the RDA of macronutrients. A cross sectional study consisting diabetic patients (n=50) visiting OPD at a tertiary care hospital were selected. Their anthropometry, food habits and dietary recall were analyzed. Out of 50 subjects, 58% were having normal BMI, 14% were hypertensive. A positive correlation (r=0.23) was observed between Blood pressure and BMI. The mean nutrient intake were Energy 1444 (±470) Kcal, Protein 40.26(±14.15) gm, Fats 28.60(±15.23) gm and Carbohydrate 193.28(±108.9) gm. About half of the subjects were achieving 50% of the calorie requirement, 60% of them were fulfilling 75% RDA for protein. Conclusion: MNT Goals should include maintenance of Ideal body weight along with lifestyle modifications besides maintaining the desired blood sugar levels. This will help in better compliance in management of diabetes.

Highlights from the International Twins Congress 2021

Highlights from the International Twins Congress 2021

Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia.

The cereal grains, which represent the cultivated grasses fruits, supply almost half of the total caloric requirements for humans and provide more nourishment compared with any other class of the food. Out of many cereals used for food, maize, rice, and wheat are the most important food resources for humans, representing 94% of the total cereals consumption. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics for the year 2018, the harvested areas of corn amount to 906,753 hectares. The production of about 7 million tons was achieved with an average yield of 7.7 t/ha according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia. Serbia is still among the ten largest exporters of wheat and corn in the world for the period of 2014/15–2017/18. More precisely, it ranks seventh in the export of corn. Utilization of maize products for food animal nutrition (1000 t) is 491,48, and for industrial processing (1000 t) 278,862 expressed as the total consumption (1000 t) is 769,910. Therefore, a total of 103 samples of maize products were analyzed for the presence of toxins, i.e., tropane alkaloids (TAs). The samples were collected from the retail stores in the Republic of Serbia in 2021 and analyzed for the presence of atropine and scopolamine (33 corn grits, 39 polenta, and 31 semolina samples). Therefore, the Recommendation 2015/976/EU on the monitoring of TAs in food was adopted by the EU Commission to obtain more occurrence data on TAs in food. The monitoring extent, however, is restricted because reliable analytical methods and appropriate sensitivity are limited. There was a limit of 1 g/kg for each atropine and scopolamine in cereals containing millet, sorghum, buckwheat, or their derivatives. All the samples were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. The LOQ was set at 1.0 μg/kg. Out of the total 103 tested samples, 32 samples (31.1%) were contaminated with atropine and scopolamine in concentrations above the LOQ. The highest concentrations of the studied TAs were observed in a semolina sample-atropine: 58.80 μg/kg, scopolamine: 10.20 μg/kg. The obtained results indicate that the TAs concentrations are above the LOQ which can be considered potential human and animal health hazards.

Association Between Menus’ Calorie Labels and Students’ Food Choices: A Cross-Sectional Study

A policy that mandates posting calorie information on monitors and printed menus in restaurants was implemented in Saudi Arabia in 2018. This may help consumers make healthier decisions. This study assessed the level of awareness regarding calorie labeling on menus and its association with restaurant food choices among Saudi university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted using 400 female Saudi students at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh. Pregnant or lactating students or those who had any dietary restrictions were excluded. An online self-administered questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics, awareness of calorie labeling, and restaurant food choices were used. Pearson’s and MaNemar’s chi-square tests, the odds ratio, and multivariate binary logistic regression were used in the analysis. While 73.5% of the students noticed the calorie labeling on the restaurant’s menus, only 24% of students read it carefully. No statistically significant association was observed between the awareness of calorie labeling and food selection. Comparing good versus poor awareness about labels, 67.7% versus 49% of participants change their food selections based on the calorie information on the menus (p &lt; 0.0007), and 77.8% versus 22.2% select items with fewer calories (p &lt; 0.001). Calorie labeling may be an effective method for improving food choices among those who have an awareness of such and use calorie information. Nevertheless, public health education campaigns are needed to increase awareness of calorie requirements and the value of calorie labeling on restaurant menus.

1136P Relationship between caloric intakes and sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: The ELY-2 study

The fueling of lymphocytes is required for the anticancer activity of ICI. We reported in the ELY study (Boudou-Rouquette et al, EBioMedicine 2021) that increased energy expenditure – so called hypermetabolism (HM) – is associated with decreased tumor response, reduced 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) and reduced overall survival (OS) in metastatic NCSLC patients treated with ICI. Here, we investigate whether meeting caloric requirements improves the sensitivity to ICI.

Risk factors, prevention, and treatment of type 2 diabetes

Recent evidence gleaned from forthcoming experimental research and clinical examinations lends credence to the idea that certain dietary patterns, foods, and minerals can play a part in lowering the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and keeping the condition under control. The quality of the nutritive fats and carbs that are ingested is far more essential than the amount of these nutrients that are taken in. It has been demonstrated that diets that are high in legumes, whole grains, nuts, fruits and vegetables and low in red meats, refined grains, and beverages lessen the incidence of diabetes and better glycaemic control and blood lipids in diabetics. Diets that are high in beverages and red meats increase the risk of developing diabetes. Numerous dietary patterns, i.e., the Mediterranean diet, diets with a low glycaemic index, diets with moderately low carbs, and veggie diets, are all able to be adapted to individual and cultural food preferences while still meeting the necessary calorie requirements for weight management, diabetes prevention and management, and other related health goals.

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, DIETARY PATTERNS, AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF VEGETARIANS

Vegetarianism is one of the most popular dietary patterns in the world, and Indonesians are as well. This study was conducted to determine the profile of vegetarians in Palembang based on socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity level, dietary type, total energy intake, total macronutrient intake, and nutritional status. This study is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. Maha Vihara Maitreya Duta (MVMD) was the vegetarian population in this survey. Participants who agreed to take part in the survey were at least 18 years old, have been vegetarian for at least three years, were not pregnant or planning to become pregnant, and did not have any chronic ailments. A total of 148 samples were acquired using a consecutive sampling technique. To establish nutritional status, Primary data were collected by completing food recall interviews during the last 24 hours on two non-consecutive days. and measuring height and weight to determine nutritional status. The highest age range of participants was 30–49 years (54,1%). The majority of the population was female (61,5%) and had a college degree (56,1%). Most participants work (85,8%), engage in light-to-moderate physical activity, and have a normal body mass index range (68,2%). Most ate lacto-ovo-vegetarian (59,5%). Most participants were vegetarian for 6-10 years (31,1%). Most motivations for becoming a vegetarian are health-related (45,3%). Vegans consumed more calories, carbs, and protein than non-vegans, but less fat. Most vegan and non-vegan respondents had good nutritional status and were in the sufficient category for achieving calorie and macronutrient requirements.