Caloric Body Research Articles

The Influence Of Snack Portion Size Design On Teens And Young Adults Consumption

This research is motivated by the trend of snacks with a salty or sweet taste which have become part of people's lifestyles, especially among teenagers and young adults. Snacks portion that exceeds the serving size has an unfavorable impact on the body's calorie intake. This study aims to analyze the effect of the size of the snack packaging portion in the form of one serving (individual pack) and family portion (family pack), on the eating patterns of teens and young adults. The population in this study were active students from several universities in Bandung, Indonesia. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The study was conducted using descriptive statistical calculations and inferential statistics, namely the comparison between respondents' preferences for the choice of snack packaging that is packaged according to the serving sizes and packaged in larger sizes. Teenagers and young adults choose snacks with larger packages, both from the salty and sweet snack groups. Larger packaging sizes dominate purchasing decisions. They consume more snacks if served in larger packages. Consumers prefer large packaging which is more economical because small packaging does not have a visible added value. Individual packaging is only effective when carried or when you want to eat less snack. Based on the conclusions, further research that focuses on increasing the value of single-serving packages, how to pack family-sized snacks (family packs) to increase awareness of snack portions, or how other efforts can be made to change the behavior of eating excess snack portions can be further explored.

A Review Article: Control Caloric Intake in Autoimmune Survivors

Lupus or autoimmune disease is a condition in which a person's immune system does not work properly. The immune system, which should protect the body from viruses and bacteria attacks, attacks the tissues and the body itself. This literature review aims to determine the importance of maintaining body calories or food intake for autoimmune patients. The articles used are in accordance with the keyword’s autoimmunity and calorie intake, autoimmunity and nutrition, calorie intake, macronutrients, lupus nutrition. There were 10 articles/journals which were analyzed through an analysis of the objectives, suitability of the material, the methods used, the results of each article, and the limitations faced. Maintaining the intake of calories and food in the body is very important for people with autoimmune. Vegetables and fruits high in antioxidants that boost the immune system, and foods high in omega-3. This is because it helps reduce inflammation and boost immunity from autoimmune diseases. Therefore, autoimmune diseases are not new or discovered. Although there is currently no cure, people with autoimmune diseases can improve their condition by adopting a healthy lifestyle by controlling the intake of healthy and balanced foods as needed. It is possible to reduce the possible causes and symptoms.

Java Burn Supplement - Can it Burn Body Calories?

Java Burn Supplement - Can it Burn Body Calories?

Rahasia Saintifik dibalik Ibadah Sunnah Berenang

Health is important for every human being. Likewise, Islam advocates for a healthy life and being a strong human both spiritually and physically, and motivates its people to do physical activities that are useful for boy health. Islam shows the virtue of strength and health as a major asset in pious deeds and activites in religious affairs and world affairs of a Muslim. Swimming is one of the sports that recommended by Prophet Muhammad, based on the hadith narrated by Imam Bukhari. Swimming is a sport that is done in water, involving almost all muscles in the body to move. Swimming is a fun and not boring sport. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to the type of library research. The benefits of swimming for the health, based on the results of this study are it can increase cardiovascular strength, burn 24% of body calories, can overcome joint pain, osteoporosis, and asthma, can increase the production of endorphins so as to reduce emotional feelings, both for pregnant and elderly, and improve children’s brain development.

Rahasia Saintifik dibalik Ibadah Sunnah Berenang

Health is important for every human being. Likewise, Islam advocates for a healthy life and being a strong human both spiritually and physically, and motivates its people to do physical activities that are useful for boy health. Islam shows the virtue of strength and health as a major asset in pious deeds and activites in religious affairs and world affairs of a Muslim. Swimming is one of the sports that recommended by Prophet Muhammad, based on the hadith narrated by Imam Bukhari. Swimming is a sport that is done in water, involving almost all muscles in the body to move. Swimming is a fun and not boring sport. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to the type of library research. The benefits of swimming for the health, based on the results of this study are it can increase cardiovascular strength, burn 24% of body calories, can overcome joint pain, osteoporosis, and asthma, can increase the production of endorphins so as to reduce emotional feelings, both for pregnant and elderly, and improve children’s brain development.

Becoming What You Eat: The New England Kitchen and the Body as a Site of Social Reform

AbstractReformers at the turn of the century struggled to understand why people were the way they were and whether they could really be changed. The reformers behind the New England Kitchen (NEK), a dietary reform experiment in 1890s Boston that hoped to change working-class diets, dedicated much of its efforts to answering the question at the heart of all social reform movements: Were people's behaviors determined by biological or social factors? In the course of their work, these reformers came to understand the relationship between food and bodies as central to social reform and sought to use dietary reform to change working-class bodies. Their actions and ideas disrupt the neat categories historians have come to rely upon when discussing reformist thought and push us to embrace the messiness of ideas as they are being worked out. This article explores these messy ideas, using four conceptions of the body that emerged from the NEK efforts—the caloric body, the changing body, the citizen body, and the managed body—to make sense of ideas that were later taken up by the USDA and the Children's Bureau, as well as other reform efforts in the Progressive Era.

Energy storage and dynamics in bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli

The energy of the body components and the energy costs of spawning and overwintering in the bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, the most abundant fish in Chesapeake Bay, were studied to determine seasonal variability during the different stages of its life cycle. Bimonthly samples were collected by trawl from April 1990 through October 1991. Fish condition and body energy levels fluctuated seasonally, and were related to anchovy size. Energy equivalents (cal g-1 dry wt) was highest in December, before the overwintering period. The somatic weight component increased by 32 to 33% and total body weight by 26% during the spawning season, indicating that feeding not only met energy requirements of daily spawning but also provided surplus energy for growth. The overwintering loss of energy was 33 to 35% of total body calories, and was primarily derived from deposit fat in somatic and visceral tissues.

Survival Following Exposure to Subzero Temperatures and Respiration in Cold Acclimatized Larvae of Enallagma boreale (Odonata:Zygoptera)

Larvae of Enallagma boreale survived exposure to -1.0° C (53%) and -4.0° C (10%). Ability to survive was not related to rate of cooling or duration of exposure. Respiration rates ranged from 0.10 ml O2/g/h at -1.0° C to 0.92 ml O2/g/h at 30.0° C. At -1.0° C the respiratory quotient of larvae was 0.72, indicating lipids were being metabolized. Calculated metabolic costs for the overwintering period were 40.5% of total body calories. It is suggested that overwintering frozen into ice at moderately cold temperatures may be energetically advantageous.

Energy Storage and Utilization Patterns of Gizzard Shad in Acton Lake, Ohio

Abstract Seasonal changes in dry body weight and caloric and lipid contents were studied in ages 0 and I and ages I and II gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) in 1973 and 1974, respectively. Dry body weight increases were best described by second and third order polynomial equations, with maximum values occurring in late autumn. Data on body caloric and lipid contents indicated a period of rapid storage in late summer and early autumn. Declines in average dry body weight, body calories, and body lipids occurred during the winter months. The intensity of the fattening process was greater in age-I fish than in ages 0 and II fish. The highest values of body lipids (30% of dry weight) and calories (6,909 cal/g ash-free dry weight) were observed in age-I fish on 16 November and 20 November 1973, respectively. Lipid reserves were mobilized during over-wintering and, in age-II fish, during the reproductive cycle. Energy reserves may also be utilized for body maintenance and growth when reductions occur in the ava...

Parental Investment: Comparative Reproductive Energetics in Bisexual and Unisexual Lizards, Genus Cnemidophorus

The reproductive energetics of two bisexual lizards (Cnemidophorus inornatus and C. tigris) and two unisexual lizards (C. uniparens and C. sonorae) was investigated with specific comparisons made between species, size groups, and reproductive types. Clutch size was larger in unisexual species and in larger species within a reproductive type. Calories per milligram of eggs of these four species (X = 6.58 cal/mg) were not correlated with either body size or reproductive type; differences in clutch volume between the species superceded differences in egg cal per milligram. Mean calories per egg were higher in large-bodied lizards and in bisexual lizards independent of size. The ratio of total clutch calories to total body calories (clutch/body) was significantly higher in unisexual species. Environmental constraints and genetic diversity among individuals are discussed as important factors in determining energy allocated to reproduction and among offspring in enemidophorines.

Caloric Content of Lizard and Snake (Reptilia) Eggs and Bodies and the Conversion of Weight to Caloric Data

Information on caloric, ash and water content of 19 lizard and 4 snake species is presented. Although differences were apparent between species and populations in calories/mg ash-free dry-weight (AFDW), these were obscured by differences in total clutch and body calories. It is suggested that means for all species eggs (6537 cal/g AFDW) and bodies (5562 cal/g AFDW) may be applied to future lizard energetic studies. Formulae are presented for conversion of weight to caloric data, and for conversion of weight (wet or dry) ratios (clutch/total) to caloric ratios (clutch/total). * * *

Respiration Rates, Energy Budgets, and Molting Frequencies of Three Species of Euphausiids Found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Respiration rate experiments at different temperatures were conducted on three species of euphausiids, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, Thysanöessa raschii, and T. inermis, found in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The slopes of the respiration regression lines at different temperatures for the same species were not significantly different. Thysanöessa inermis acclimated to temperature changes with the result that its respiration rates remained relatively stable over most of the temperatures tested.Feeding rates were measured for M. norvegica and T. inermis at different temperatures using Artemia nauplii as food. The number of calories ingested, expressed as a percentage of the total body calories of the euphausiid, decreased with body size and water temperature. Thysanöessa inermis ingested fewer calories than M. norvegica in relation to total body calories at all temperatures. Both species showed a linear relationship between molting frequency and water temperature, T. inermis having a shorter intermolt period than M. norvegica.Results were used to estimate the energy consumption of the natural populations of euphausiids in the upper part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence estuary.

Lizard Reproductive Effort: Caloric Estimates and Comments on Its Evolution

The energy content of eggs of 10 lizard species was determined and used as a measure of reproductive effort (ratio of clutch calories to body calories). Values for eggs ranged from 5.87 to 7.20 cal/mg ash—free dry weight (°=6.37). Species differences in calories going into reproduction during a breeding season, however, were primarily due to differences in clutch size and clutch frequency between species. Correlation analysis between three measures of reproductive effort, including the preceding, and a suite of demographic variables revealed only one significant correlation (negative) between clutch calories to body calories ratio and mean annual adult survivorship. The energy allocated to eggs in comparison to total annual energy expenditure was estimated for three of the species investigated. Sceloporus graciosus had the highest reproductive effort, with proportional values for first and older breeders about the same. The proportion of total energy expended on reproduction was slightly lower for UTA stansburiana, with first and older breeders exhibiting the same effort. Sceloporus jarrovi had the lowest reproductive effort, but showed an increasing effort with increasing age. These data suggest that the demographic environment may not be the primary selective pressure determining reproductive effort, and that reproductive effort may not be positively correlated with age in all species.

Reproductive Effort and Energy Comparisons of Adults, Eggs, and Neonates of Gerrhonotus coeruleus principis

Gerrhonotus coeruleus principis were collected in Seattle, King County, Washington in June and August 1972. Energy content of eggs, neonates and adult bodies averaged 6401, 5608, and 5512 cal/gm AFDW, respectively. There was a high positive correlation between calories invested in eggs and adult size and likewise there was a high correlation between number of eggs and adult size. The ratio of total egg calories to total body calories was not correlated with adult size. Individual neonates averaged 820 cal compared to 1389 total cal per egg, 41 per cent of the initial energy being utilized for development. Neonates and adults were relatively the same in per gram energy content. Data from this study are compared to data from studies on other lizard species.