Calming Effect Research Articles

MEDICINAL BIOMAGNETISM FOR ANALGESIA - APPLICATION OF STATIC MAGNETIC FIELDS THROUGH THE LYMPHATIC PROTOCOL FOR PERIPHERAL EDEMA

Dysfunctions in the lymphatic system can cause primary or secondary lymphedema, derived from chronic edema, when the lymphatic system is unable to adequately drain lymph from the tissues, resulting in swelling and pain. Through a cross-sectional experimental clinical study, we sought to evaluate the effect of the Adapted Lymphatic Protocol of Medicinal Biomagnetism on pain in the lower limbs of patients with peripheral edema of lymphatic origin. Medicinal Biomagnetism is a therapeutic system developed in 1988 by Dr. Isaac Goiz Durán that uses static magnetic fields generated by medium intensity magnets. These magnets are applied in pairs, one with a north pole, with a calming effect, and the other with a south pole, which activates areas with organic deficiencies, known as Biomagnetic Pairs. Carried out on four female participants, the study applied the protocol in three sessions, spaced weekly. The results demonstrated a reduction in the measurements of the lower limbs, relief in the intensity of pain and discomfort in the legs, although the lymphedema did not disappear completely. It was concluded that Medicinal Biomagnetism proved to be a non-invasive, accessible approach with few side effects, with the potential to alleviate pain and improve quality of life in patients with peripheral edema of lymphatic origin.

Calming effects of repetition in music for children with sensory sensitivities: Findings from two experimental studies

Sensory sensitivity and anxiety are often experienced by neurodivergent children. Repetitive physical actions are a common way to self-regulate and reduce anxiety, yet stigma attached to these actions can discourage people with sensory sensitivities from participating in public events such as concerts. Children with sensory sensitivities therefore often miss out on the social benefits of attending live concerts. This paper reports the results of two studies (for each N = 20) investigating whether the predictability/level of internal repetition in classical music can be calming for Australian children aged 5–14 with sensory sensitivities. Study 1 utilized a one-on-one laboratory setting with live piano performance (two low repetition pieces, two high repetition pieces), whereas Study 2 used a group performance setting with a live cello performance (one low repetition piece, one high repetition piece). Proxy measures of anxiety and engagement were completed by parents/carers in both studies, and facial expressions and finger oximeter measures were also captured in Study 1. Across the two studies both music types had a calming effect compared to baseline, with Study 2 also indicating significantly higher interest, involvement, and enjoyment levels for high repetition music. These findings have implications for the use of music for children with sensory sensitivities in arts programming and therapeutic contexts.

Games, hormones, and “dark” personalities: Dark tetrad and the effects of violent gaming on aggression, cortisol, and testosterone

We investigated how playing a violent versus non-violent video game affects cortisol and testosterone levels, whether these hormonal changes increase implicit aggressive cognition, and whether so-called Dark Tetrad personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, everyday sadism) moderate these effects. Fifty-four men played either a violent or a non-violent video game for 25 min. Participants provided salivary samples at the beginning of the experiment (T1), after 25 min of gameplay (T2), and 20 min after gameplay ended (T3). In the violent condition, participants showed a significant decrease in cortisol levels (T1 to T2) and a significant negative trend in cortisol levels from T1 to T3. Moreover, higher Machiavellianism scores were related to a significantly stronger decrease in cortisol (T1 to T2) in this condition. In the non-violent condition, however, participants with higher scores in Machiavellianism had a higher increase in cortisol (T1 to T2). In contrast to changes in hormonal levels, there were no significant effects on implicit aggressive cognition. The present findings illustrate the complex interplay between personality, hormones, and game content, thus further specifying current notions on the effects of violent video games. Playing a violent video game can have a stress-reducing calming effect depending on personality traits such as Machiavellianism and the psychological need satisfaction associated with it. Also, the fact that VVG exposure was not automatically accompanied by an aggression-increasing effect proves that simple cause-effect models are not sufficiently specified without taking the underlying mechanisms into account.

Kavain Hydroxylation in Kava Metabolism: Computational Analysis

Kava, a non-alcoholic beverage derived from the Piper methysticum plant, commonly also known as Kava, has a prominent role in the cultures of Oceania due to its calming and soothing effects. These psychoactive properties have sparked interest beyond Oceania and in the scientific community, who see potential for medicinal applications. However, alongside these beneficial effects, consumption of Kava has been linked to potential hepatotoxicity, raising safety concerns. Understanding the cause of this hepatotoxicity requires a detailed exploration of Kava's metabolic processes, specifically those involving kavain, its primary constituent. Recent studies have found the hydroxylation of kavain to 12-hydroxykavain as a key step in Kava's metabolic pathway. Yet, the precise mechanism of this conversion and the hydroxylation intermediates involved remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, our study employed Spartan, a computational chemistry software, to model the hydroxylation process. We analyzed the stability and chemical properties of the proposed reaction intermediates, providing a detailed view of this critical phase of metabolism. Our analysis reveals that three of the five proposed intermediates appear stable, suggesting they may play significant roles in the hydroxylation process. This finding also enabled us to narrow down the possible reaction pathways of hydroxylation. Having a better understanding of the key step of Kava metabolism could guide the development of safer, more effective Kava-based products, balancing the therapeutic potential of Kava with a reduced risk profile.

Edukasi Manfaat Lilin Aromaterapi Lavender untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Tidur Ibu Hamil di BPM Muzilatul Nisma

Aromatherapy is a healing therapy that involves the use of pure essential oils distilled from various parts of plants, flowers, and trees, each of which contains therapeutic properties. One form of aromatherapy preparation is aromatherapy candles. Aromatherapy candles are an object that can provide a calming effect. Essential oil from lavender flower extract as aromatherapy that gives a relaxing, anti-neurodepressive and sedating effect that is beneficial for pregnant women who experience insomnia, reduce anxiety levels and, increase levels of alertness. This therapy is recommended for pregnant women to help minimize discomfort during pregnancy, especially reducing the problem of sleep disorders. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge about the benefits of aromatherapy candles to improve the quality of sleep of pregnant women. The target of the implementation of this activity was carried out in trimestester II and III pregnant women. The form of activities is in the form of providing education with the lecture method with leaflet media and to see the increase in knowledge is done by conducting pre-test and post-test. The results obtained were before being given education the level of knowledge of pregnant women was 64.75% and after being given education the mother's knowledge increased to 93.6%, so it can be concluded that there was an increase in knowledge by 28.85%. With this educational activity, it is hoped that an increase in knowledge and an increase in the mother's sense of comfort during pregnancy will be achieved

Relationship between physical activity and who assist scores in substance addiction clients at the addiction Polyclinic of Prof Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar

Drug abuse which includes narcotic, psychotropic, and addictive substances can affect the central nervous system function. Substances are often abused because of the pleasurable and calming effects of their use. Physical activity is said to have the potential as an adjunct therapy for substance addiction disorders. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and WHO ASSIST scores in substance addiction clients. This study used a cross-sectional design on substance addiction clients undergoing treatment at the Addiction Polyclinic of Prof Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar. Physical activity score checks were conducted using GPAQ questionnaires and WHO ASSIST scores. Data collection to patients as research subjects was carried out after obtaining informed consent. After data collected, the next stages was data analysis using SPSS, with descriptive statistical analysis, normality test and spearman correlation test. From 30 samples, an average GPAQ score of 2099.33 ± 2225.32 was obtained. The average WHO ASSIST score for each substance was highest in tobacco 15.57 ± 8.98 and lowest in hallucinogen 0.70 ± 1.664.

Social buffering of oxidative stress and cortisol in an endemic cyprinid fish

Fish exhibit complex social behaviours that can influence their stress levels and well-being. However, little is known about the link between social interactions and stress in wild fish, especially in running water environments. While many studies have explored the stress axis in fish, most have focused on specific social contexts, leaving gaps in understanding stress responses to social changes. Our study investigated collective behaviour and stress in wild Italian riffle dace (Telestes muticellus) in a controlled experimental setup simulating a natural river system. Results reveal that group-living fish have lower cortisol and oxidative stress levels in muscle tissue compared to solitary counterparts, suggesting a calming effect of conspecific presence. Additionally, we observed upregulated expression of antioxidant enzymes in group-living fish, indicating potential benefits to antioxidant defence systems. These insights shed light on the dynamic relationship between group behaviour and stress in wild fish within running water habitats and emphasise the use of multidisciplinary approaches.

PENGARUH TERAPI MUSIK TERHADAP KECEMASAN PRA ANESTESI DI RUANG OPERASI

Spinal anesthesia is an action taken before surgery so that patients feel safe and comfortable during surgery and avoid postoperative pain. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of music therapy on pre-anesthesia anxiety in the operating room. The research design is a quasi-experiment with a pre and post approach. The population was all patients who underwent surgery with spinal anesthesia. Samples taken in this study patients who underwent surgery with spinal anesthesia amounted to 30 samples. The independent variable is music therapy. The dependent variable is anxiety. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of statistical test analysis using paired t test after given music therapy showed that p<0.001 (p<0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a difference in the effect of health education before and after music therapy on anxiety in pre-anesthesia. Music therapy can have a calming effect on respondents, can reduce anxiety, make feelings relaxed, relaxed, and can stabilize emotionally.

Inhalation of Origanum majorana L. essential oil while working reduces perceived stress and anxiety levels of nurses in a COVID-19 intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial.

Nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience higher psychosocial distress than other healthcare workers, and this can adversely affect the quality of patient care. There is evidence that inhalation of essential oil from marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) has calming effects, suggesting this intervention may help to reduce the stress and anxiety of nurses working in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhalation of marjoram essential oil at work on the stress and anxiety levels of nurses in a COVID-19 ICU. Nurses (n = 57) working in a single COVID-19 ICU were randomly assigned to inhale 3% marjoram essential oil (marjoram group, n = 29) or almond oil (control group, n = 28) for 2 h while at work. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, state anxiety score, and score on a visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS-anxiety) and stress (VAS-stress) were measured before and after the intervention. The two groups had similar baseline variables. MAP did not have within-group or between-group differences. Heart rate increased significantly in the marjoram group after the intervention (p = 0.031), but it remained within the normal range and the increase was not clinically meaningful. There was no significant between-group difference in the state-anxiety or VAS-anxiety score after the intervention, but the marjoram group had a significantly lower state-anxiety (p = 0.001) and VAS-anxiety (p = 0.037) score at posttest vs. pretest. The VAS-stress score was significantly lower in the marjoram group at the posttest vs. the pretest (p = 0.026). Nurses caring for patients in a COVID-19 ICU experience significant stress, and strategies are needed to address this important issue. Inhalation of 3% marjoram essential oil while caring for patients in a COVID-19 ICU may be a simple and effective intervention that reduces perceived stress and anxiety in nurses.Clinical Trial Registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr/, KCT0007543.

The possible "calming effect" of subchronic supplementation of a standardised phospholipid carrier-based Melissa officinalis L. extract in healthy adults with emotional distress and poor sleep conditions: results from a prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Emotional distress conditions such as depression, anxiety, stress, and poor sleep are widespread health problems that have a significant impact on people's lives. Conventional drugs are commonly prescribed to treat emotional distress and poor sleep conditions; however, these medications have several limitations and have shown multiple side effects. Over recent years botanicals-based pharmacological agents have gained increasing research and clinical interest in the management of emotional distress and sleep disorder. Of note, Melissa officinalis L. (MO) leaf extract has demonstrated considerable neuropharmacological properties both in animal and human studies and has emerged as a promising natural "calming agent." However, research in this area is limited, and more studies are needed to validate its efficacy in amelioration of emotional distress and poor sleep conditions. Objectives: We aimed to assess the pharmacological effects of subchronic supplementation of an innovative standardised phospholipid carrier-based MO aqueous extract on emotional distress and poor sleep conditions. Design: A 3-week prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blinded clinical trial was conducted in 100 healthy adults complaining of a moderate degree of depression, anxiety, or stress, with scores of ≥14, ≥10, and ≥19, respectively, in the self-report Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42) or poor sleep, as indicated by the score of >5 in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. In addition, the impact of emotional distress and/or poor sleep on participants' mental wellbeing, emotional feelings, and quality of life was also assessed using the self-reported Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scale, and quality of life (WHO-QoL-BREF) scale, respectively. Results: Oral supplementation of 200mg of phospholipid-based MO aqueous extract (Relissa™) tablets twice a day (i.e., 400mg/day) for 3 weeks led to significant improvements in the depressive mood, anxiety, stress, positive and negative affect (emotional feelings), overall mental wellbeing, and quality-of-life scores (all p values <0.001). Supplementation of MO extract was well tolerated, and no treatment-emergent effects or serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the phospholipid carrier-based MO aqueous extract possesses considerable neuropharmacological properties, and its supplementation may provide a promising therapeutic option for the management of moderate emotional distress and/or poor sleep conditions. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT05602688.

Impacts of Individual and Pair Housing on Calves

Abstract Calf rearing is a large financial cost to farms, with particular importance for dairy heifer replacements where the forward investment does not receive any payback for 3–4 years. Ensuring the critical pre-weaning phase is carried out optimally and understanding the impact that housing has on this time is important. Historically, individual calf housing has been used to reduce disease transmission among calves, but there is limited evidence that pair housing has any detrimental impact on this. Instead, research over the past decade has served to highlight the range of benefits that pair housing can provide. Calves housed with others have increased play behaviours, which is a positive indicator of well-being. Pair-housed calves start to eat concentrates at an earlier age and in greater amounts, which can have positive impacts on growth rates, and longer-term improvements in reducing age at first calving and improving first lactation milk yields. Pair housing allows calves to start forming social relationships, which can have a calming effect in stressful situations such as group changes and can improve behaviours when heifers enter the milking herd. Pair-raised calves also have reduced food neophobia which can help adult cattle cope with diet changes that can occur frequently in the dairy herd. This growing body of evidence suggests that pair housing of calves results in overall better health and welfare compared to individual housing, therefore practitioners should help encourage farmers to move towards this housing type. Information © The Author 2023

Understanding Mass Panic and Other Collective Responses to Threat and Disaster

While mass panic (and/or violence) and self-preservation are often assumed to be the natural response to physical danger and perceived entrapment, the literature indicates that expressions of mutual aid are common and often predominate, and collective flight may be so delayed that survival is threatened. In fact, the typical response to a variety of threats and disasters is not to flee but to seek the proximity of familiar persons and places; moreover, separation from attachment figures is a greater stressor than physical danger. Such observations can be explained by an alternative “social attachment” model that recognizes the fundamentally gregarious nature of human beings and the primacy of attachments. In the relatively rare instances where flight occurs, the latter can be understood as one aspect of a more general affiliative response that involves escaping from certain situations and moving toward other situations that are perceived as familiar but which may not necessarily be objectively safe. The occurrence of flight-and-affiliation depends mainly on the social context and especially the whereabouts of familiar persons (i.e., attachment figures); their physical presence has a calming effect and reduces the probability of flight-and-affiliation, while their absence has the opposite effect. Combining the factors of perceived physical danger and the location of attachment figures results in a four-fold typology that encompasses a wide spectrum of collective responses to threat and disaster. Implications of the model for predicting community responses to terrorist attacks and/or use of weapons of mass destruction are briefly discussed.

Effects of an Appeasing Substance Application at Weaning on Growth, Stress, Behavior, and Response to Vaccination of Bos indicus Calves.

An analog of a bovine-appeasing substance (BAS) was previously demonstrated to have calming effects, and it could be an alternative to alleviate the stress caused by weaning. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BAS administration at weaning on growth, stress, behavior, and response to vaccination of Nellore calves. Eighty-six Nellore calves (40 females and 46 males) were abruptly weaned and randomly assigned into 1 of 2 treatments: (1) saline solution (0.9% NaCl; n = 43) and (2) BAS (Secure Catte, IRSEA Group, Quartier Salignan, France; n = 43). The solutions were topically applied (5 mL/calf) to the nuchal skin area of each animal. On d 0, before treatment application, calves were vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), parainfluenza-3 (PI3) virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and 2). Calves from each treatment were kept in different pastures for 15 d (time of BAS action) and then moved to a single pasture. Body weight (BW), blood samples, and temperament in the chute (entry score, chute score, and exit score) were collected on d 0, 3, 8, 15, 51, and 100, and behavior on pasture on d 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9. Calves assigned to BAS vs. Saline treatment tended to have greater BW on d 15 (p = 0.10), tended to have lower entry scores on d 8 and 51 (p = 0.10), and chute scores on d 8 (p = 0.07), and had lower exit scores on d 8 (p = 0.02). Calves assigned to BAS vs. Saline treatment also had greater time grazing on d 7 and 9 (p < 0.01), eating concentrate on d 2, 5, and 6 (p = 0.05), walking on d 1, 2, 5, and 9 (p < 0.01), standing and ruminating on d 2, 7 and 9 (p < 0.01), and playing on d 2, 4, 6, 7, and 9 (p < 0.01). Furthermore, they had lower time lying on 1 and 2 (p < 0.01), standing on d 5 and 9 (p < 0.01), and vocalizing on d 1 and 2 (p < 0.01). Calves assigned to BAS vs. Saline treatment had greater serum titter concentrations of PI3 t on d 15 and 51 (p = 0.05) and BVDV-1 on d 51 (p = 0.02). However, they had lower serum concentrations of cortisol on d 3 (p = 0.03). BAS administration did not affect (p ≥ 0.12) the serum titer concentration of IBR and BVDV-2 titers or the plasma concentration of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. The BAS administration improved BW, reduced temperament and serum cortisol concentration, and improved behavior and response to vaccination.

Eficacia de la música como recurso para manejar la agresividad en niños de manera exitosa

Music has been widely recognized as an effective tool for controlling elements of aggression in children. It has been proven to have a calming and relaxing effect on children, reducing aggression and stress levels when listening to soft and harmonious melodies. In addition, music provides children with a way of expressing and channeling their emotions, helping to regulate their feelings and decreasing aggressiveness. To address aggression, programs and workshops have been developed that use music as a therapeutic tool, involving musical and dramatization activities that allow children to explore their emotions in a creative and constructive way. These interventions have proven to be effective in reducing aggressive behavior and promoting peaceful coexistencein school settings. In addition, participation in musical activities improves children's attention, concentration and social skills, which contributes to reducing aggressiveness. In summary, music is presented as a powerful tool to control aggressiveness in children, promoting emotional and social skills and a harmonious school environment.

Penerapan Aromaterapi Lavender Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Sectio Caesarea Di RSUD Kardinah Tegal

Sectio is a surgical operation to help pregnant women give birth by making an incision in the abdominal wall (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterectomy). Compared with regular births, which only cause about 9% more suffering, births by cesarean section cause about 27.3% more pain. Pharmacology and non-pharmacology can be used together to treat pain. Within 24 hours after a caesarean section, patients can experience a five times greater reduction in pain thanks to lavender aromatherapy. There are no risks associated with using the main active components of lavender oil, linalyl acetate, and linalool, which may provide a calming effect. When lavender aromatherapy is inhaled, the compounds it contains trigger the hypothalamus to produce endorphins which can calm and soothe. Lavender aromatherapy also has properties that make it antibacterial, analgesic, antidepressant and antispasmodic. By offering and using lavender aromatherapy, this research approach is descriptive and takes the form of a case report. The aim of this research is to determine whether the use of lavender aromatherapy can help patients after giving birth by caesarean section reduce their discomfort. After receiving lavender aromatherapy, the research findings changed from a scale of 7 to 3. Research findings show that the use of lavender aromatherapy can help postpartum patients undergoing cesarean section reduce their discomfort.

Accompagnement du chien d’assistance judiciaire auprès de mineur(e)s présumé(e)s victimes. Étude pilote menée en France en 2021

ObjectivesIn France, 10% of the population's 13,700,000 minors are recognized as abused, and 50% of abused minors are under the age of 2. Article 19 of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child obliges States to protect children against all forms of violence, hence the concern, in France, for efficient justice and the least possible impact on minors presumed to be victims during proceedings. Legal proceedings conducted by investigators, and in particular those hearings of minors presumed to be victims, can be a trying time. To ensure that the conditions for giving evidence are as untraumatizing as possible, an experiment involving the accompaniment of minors by a courthouse dog (CHD) was begun in Cahors in 2019 and was extended to other towns such as Orléans. This accompaniment by a CHD, inspired by an initiative developed in the United States in 2012, can take place during all stages of the legal process. Currently, France is the only European country to experiment with this accompaniment. Before proposing a systematization of the use of CHD, it is necessary to assess the feelings of those involved in this accompaniment, particularly those of the victims, which is the aim of this study. MethodThis study is multicentric (conducted in Orléans and Cahors), retrospective, and descriptive. Data were collected in 2021 using hetero-questionnaires proposed to the minors and focusing on their behaviors and feelings (n=111), before presentation of the CHD; during the presence of the CHD; and at the end of the hearing. The feelings of the interviewers, caregivers, and other professionals were also collected. ResultsBefore the CHD presentation, 60% of the minors were worried and 17% were smiling. After the hearing and on departure, in the presence of the dog: 4.5% were still showing signs of anxiety and 27% were smiling. The CHD had a calming effect on all those involved, too. It did not disrupt the course of the hearings. The CHD guaranteed total neutrality, did not induce any suggestibility, and was able to position himself with the minors in a discreet, gentle, and effective manner. DiscussionThe triangular relationship – juvenile, investigator, CHD – appears to be beneficial for all involved, according to the testimonies of both juveniles and professionals. The CHD is a catalyst for the minors’ attention, a protector in the face of the unknown; it seems to encourage the freeing of speech and establishes a calming dynamic. Physical and visual contact with the CHD had a reassuring effect. For the investigators, who were generally meeting the minor for the first time, the CHD was appreciated as a real support, as a working partner and a neutral positive reinforcer, as investigators must exercise their profession according to a legal approach of absolute neutrality that does not necessarily correspond to the needs of the traumatized minors they receive, which sometimes makes it difficult to establish a connection. The results also underline the possible protective effect of the CHD on professionals who may be prone to vicarious trauma, as well as on those close to and/or accompanying the minors, who were also reassured by the animal's presence. As far as refusal to be accompanied by the CHD is concerned, there may be a notion of danger or aggressiveness on the part of the dog, hence the importance of proposing this accompaniment in the knowledge of possible reticence or even phobia. This French pilot study on the accompaniment of minors by a legal assistance dog has its limitations due to the small number of participants. It does, however, have the advantage of being original and paving the way for future studies. ConclusionThe impact of the CHD's support on all minors and caregivers was positive overall. The interest in extending this type of study to other sites with CHD, by associating the views of child psychiatrists and behaviorists, could provide an even more significant overview and optimize support for minors based on observation of animal-human interactions.

Calming effect of Clinically Designed Improvisatory Music for patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study.

Epilepsy monitoring requires simulating seizure-inducing conditions which frequently causes discomfort to epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) patients. COVID-19 hospital restrictions added another layer of stress during hospital admissions. The purpose of this pilot study was to provide evidence that live virtual Clinically Designed Improvisatory Music (CDIM) brings relief to EMU patients for their psychological distress. Five persons with epilepsy (PWEs) in the EMU during the COVID-19 lockdown participated in the study (average age ± SD = 30.2 ± 6 years). Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (EKG) were obtained before, during, and after live virtual CDIM. CDIM consisted of 40 minutes of calming music played by a certified clinical music practitioner (CMP) on viola. Post-intervention surveys assessed patients' emotional state on a 1-10 Likert scale. Alpha/beta power spectral density ratio was calculated for each subject across the brain and was evaluated using one-way repeated analysis of variance, comparing 20 minutes before, during, and 20 minutes after CDIM. Post-hoc analysis was performed using paired t-test at the whole brain level and regions with peak changes. Patients reported enhanced emotional state (9 ± 1.26), decrease in tension (9.6 ± 0.49), decreased restlessness (8.6 ± 0.80), increased pleasure (9.2 ± 0.98), and likelihood to recommend (10 ± 0) on a 10-point Likert scale. Based on one-way repeated analysis of variance, alpha/beta ratio increased at whole-brain analysis (F3,12 = 5.01, P = 0.018) with a peak in midline (F3,12 = 6.63, P = 0.0068 for Cz) and anterior medial frontal region (F3,12 = 6.45, P = 0.0076 for Fz) during CDIM and showed a trend to remain increased post-intervention. In this pilot study, we found positive effects of CDIM as reported by patients, and an increased alpha/beta ratio with meaningful electroencephalographic correlates due to the calming effects in response to CDIM. Our study provides proof of concept that live virtual CDIM offered demonstrable comfort with biologic correlations for patients admitted in the EMU during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Preparation and Sensory Evaluation of Post-waxing Aftercare Lotion

In this study, we prepared a lotion containing &lt;i&gt;Gymnema sylvestre Leaf&lt;/i&gt; Extract (GSLE) and evaluated its stability, safety, and usability. To assess stability, a series of scientific evaluations were conducted, including centrifugation testing and heat-cool cycling. Following the application of the Lycon, 5% GSLE lotion on the skin, a skin patch test was conducted to detect the presence of erythema in the designated patch area, in accordance with the established guidelines provided by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). Using a 10-point scale, the level of satisfaction resulting from actual usage was assessed. The stability of both the vehicle and the 5% GSLE lotion was found to be intact in terms of their physical and chemical properties. No adverse skin reactions were observed in any of the groups tested, which included the vehicle, Lycon lotion, and 5% GSLE lotion. Furthermore, when considering efficacy, functionality, and usability, the 5% GSLE lotion demonstrated the highest value. In terms of absorption, moisturization, smoothness, and calming effects, the Lycon lotion exhibited relatively lower performance compared to both the vehicle and the 5% GSLE lotion. Across all evaluation criteria, the 5% GSLE lotion was found to provide an excellent user experience.

The Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy to Improve the Sleep Quality of the Elderly at Tresna Werdha Abiyoso Social Service Center, Sleman

As part of aging or old age (elderly), general changes in circadian rhythms are referred to as earlier sleep phases. Prolonged sleep deprivation conditions can trigger many health system disorders, from a decrease in the body's immune system, weight gain due to uncontrolled appetite, and decreased level of concentration at work, to decreased patience and mood. One alternative non-pharmacological treatment to improve sleep quality is by providing lavender aromatherapy which will have a calming effect. This type of research is descriptive using a case study approach. A case study was conducted by applying non-pharmacological therapy with lavender aromatherapy to elderly respondents with sleep disorder nursing problems. The instruments used in this study were lavender aromatherapy, observation sheets, and sleep quality assessment sheets for the elderly. shows that there is an increase in the quality of sleep in the respondents. By doing this lavender aromatherapy therapy can help reduce sleep pattern disturbances in respondents. The results showed that there was an increase in sleep quality when patients could sleep soundly after being given lavender aromatherapy, so it can be concluded that there was an increase in sleep quality before and after giving lavender aromatherapy

Pharmacokinetic modelling of orally administered cannabidiol and implications for medication control in horses.

Cannabidiol (CBD) products gain increasing popularity amongst animal owners and veterinarians as an alternative remedy for treatment of stress, inflammation or pain in horses. Whilst the use of cannabinoids is banned in equine sports, there is limited information available concerning CBD detection times in blood or urine. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD following oral administration in the horse to assist doping control laboratories with interpreting CBD analytical results. Part 1: dose escalation study: Single oral administration of three escalating doses of CBD paste (0.2 mg/kg, n = 3 horses; 1 mg/kg, n = 3; 3 mg/kg, n = 5) with >7 days wash-out periods in between. Part 2: multiple dose study: oral administration of CBD paste (3 mg/kg, n = 6) twice daily for 15 days. Multiple blood and urine samples were collected daily throughout both studies. Following study part 2, blood and urine samples were collected for 2 weeks to observe the elimination phase. Concentrations of CBD, its metabolites and further cannabinoids were evaluated using gas-chromatography/tandem-mass-spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed via two approaches: population pharmacokinetic analysis using a nonlinear mixed-effects model and non-compartmental analysis. AUC0-12 h and Cmax were tested for dose proportionality. During the elimination phase, the CBD steady-state urine to serum concentration ratio (Rss) was calculated. Oral CBD medication was well-tolerated in horses. Based on population pharmacokinetics, a three-compartment model with zero-order absorption most accurately described the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD. High volumes of distribution into peripheral compartments and high concentrations of 7-carboxy-CBD were observed in serum. Non-compartmental analysis identified a Cmax of 12.17 ± 2.08 ng/mL after single administration of CBD (dose: 3 mg/kg). AUC0-12 h showed dose proportionality, increase for Cmax leveled off at higher doses. Following multiple doses, the CBD terminal half-life was 161.29 ± 43.65 h in serum. Rss was 4.45 ± 1.04. CBD is extensively metabolized and shows high volumes of tissue distribution with a resulting extended elimination phase. Further investigation of the potential calming and anti-inflammatory effects of CBD are required to determine cut-off values for medication control using the calculated Rss.