Callosobruchus Chinensis Research Articles

Effect of UV light on developmental stages of pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis

Effect of UV light on developmental stages of pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis

Artificial Seed Bioassay for Assessing Genotypic Resistance of Pigeon Pea to Callosobruchus chinensis

Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis is a significant pest of stored legumes, particularly pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), causing substantial damage and economic losses. This study investigates the resistance of various pigeonpea genotypes to C. chinensis using artificial seeds in a controlled single-choice bioassay. Artificial seeds in bioassays help provide consistent conditions for studying pigeon pea resistance to pests like C. chinensis. Unlike natural seeds, which can vary in traits like size, texture, and composition, artificial seeds ensure that any observed resistance is due to the plant's genetics, not differences in the seeds themselves. Despite using seeds with different proportions of resistant and susceptible genotypes, no significant differences were observed in the beetle oviposition behavior. The findings suggest that factors other than nutritional content may influence bruchid resistance, emphasize the need for further research into specific phytochemicals responsible for resistance. This work has important implications for the development of more resistant pigeon pea cultivars.

Transgenerational effects of sublethal deltamethrin exposure on development and repellency behaviour in Callosobruchuschinensis

Callosobruchus chinensis, belongs to the Chrysomelidae family, is a major pest of pulse grains. It causes 60% weight loss of the pulses, making them inappropriate for planting or human consumption. C. chinensis is commonly controlled with insecticides; however, these insecticides have negative effects on the environment and non-target organisms. Moreover, repeated exposure to the insecticide causes the resistance in the C. chinensis. Initially the lethal concentration of deltamethrin (LC50) was obtained by the probit analysis. Later the study aimed to examine the impact of a sublethal concentration of deltamethrin on various developmental characteristics and repellency behaviour throughout six successive generations of the C. chinensis. For that, two concentration were selected viz sublethal low concentration (1/20th) and sublethal high concentration (1/5th) of the LC50 compared to control. Both concentrations significantly reduce the life table parameters like egg count, total hatching, total development duration, total emergence and adult longevity in the first generation but an increasing trend in all the parameters was observed in subsequent generations (progeny). Additionally, the repellency was maximum in 1st generation but it decreases with the exposure time and successive generations which shows that it was time and generation dependent. The findings indicate that although there are predominantly adverse effects within the generation, exposure to deltamethrin at sublethal levels over the generations can lead to beneficial effects in the offspring, enhancing their ability to withstand insecticides.

Assessment of Seed Protectants in Respect to Quantitative Losses Due to Callosobruchus chinensis Linn in Stored Pigeon Pea

To test the efficacy of seven tested seed protectants viz., Spinetoram, Flupyradifurone Emamectin benzoate, Deltamethrin, Neem oil, Dry Neem Leaf and Azadirachtin along with control were used against Callosobruchus chinensis Linn in stored pigeon pea under ambient condition in Seed Entomology laboratory, ANDUAT, Ayodhya during year 2021-22. All the seed protectants were evaluated for their effectiveness on the basis of seed damage, seed weight and seed moisture against pulse beetle under ambient condition for a period of 2, 4 and 6 months. Among tested seed protectants the Emamectin benzoate 5 SG followed by Spinetoram 11.7 SC and Neemoz Gold 1EC was found most effective as seed protectants with least seed damage and weight loss of seed up to 6 months of storage.

EVALUATION OF CERTAIN BOTANICALS AGAINST PULSE BEETLE, CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS (L.) ON DIFFERENT PULSES

Pulses are regarded as the second most significant crop category globally and in many underdeveloped nations, they represent a major source of plant protein. Pulses can be used as a meat substitute that suffer losses from insect pests in both field and storage conditions. Among other pests, the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L., causes significant losses when stored. In this instance, the efficacy against Callosobruchus chinensis L. was assessed using five readily available natural ingredients found locally: Neem, Mint, Garlic and Onion in powder form and in different doses (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%). On five distinct pulse seeds—Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Kidneybean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Lentil (Lens culinaris), Soyabean (Glycine max) and Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). The results revealed that the lowest weight loss was recorded from the seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) in Chickpea, Kidneybean, Lentil, Soyabean and Pigeonpea i.e.1.34%, 2.36%, 2.55%, 2.89% and 2.93%, respectively. Maximum was found in the seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%). Also, adult emergence was recorded minimum in seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) in all pulses i.e. 26.22 % in Chickpea, 23.42% in Kidneybean, 19.24% in Lentil, 17.12% in Soyabean and 19.51% in Pigeonpea and maximum was recorded in seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%). Whereas, adult mortality was observed highest in the seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) which was 81.23% in Chickpea, 77.24% in Kidneybean, 75.24% in Lentil, 71.23% in Soyabean and 68.34% in Pigeonpea while lowest was observed in the seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%).

BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF RESISTANCE IN VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK AGAINST CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS L. AND CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE)

The present study was conducted on the biochemical basis of resistibility and susceptibility of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) against twenty-five different genotypes of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Results revealed that C. maculatus and C. chinensis were most susceptible to mungbean genotypes except for two cultivars, 174No.302 and PLU-1050. From biochemical analysis, it has been concluded that the total protein, carbohydrates and lipids had a non-significant and positive relation with development parameters in all the mungbean genotypes. The results showed that genotypes 174No.302 and PLU-1050 were highly resistant to the bruchids and had high levels of flavonoids, phenol and tannin. These anti-nutritional factors negatively affected the growth, development period and adult emergence.. KEYWORDS :Biochemical resistance, Callosobruchus chinensis, Callosobruchus maculatus, Genotypes, Mungbean cultivars

Development of an innovative and effective trap for rapid removal and collection of live adults of the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from infested stored pulses, for research studies in the laboratory conditions

Development of an innovative and effective trap for rapid removal and collection of live adults of the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from infested stored pulses, for research studies in the laboratory conditions

Efficacy of selected botanicals, phosphine and boric acid against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis under laboratory conditions

Insect pests are a threat to both growing field crops and stored grain commodities during storage. There are different stored pests which affect the mung bean (Vigna radiata) all over the world. Most important destructive pest is Pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis which cause lot of losses during storage of mung bean. Different pesticides are being used to control the Pulse beetle but these pesticides have harmful effect on human health, grain quality and development of insect resistant population. The replacement approaches for pest management in food items is a growing need in the food sector, which should match customer requests for pesticide reduction or eradication. In the present study impact of phosphine, boric acid and botanicals (Neem and Eucalyptus) on adult stage of pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis was evaluated at 65 ±5% RH, 30±1°C. The pulse beetles were exposed to phosphine, boric acid at the different concentrations like phosphine 2g, 1g, & 0.5g, boric acid 0.25g, 0.12g & 0.06g and botanicals leaves 2g, 5g and 10g for 24h, 48h and 72h was evaluated. Maximum mortality (98%) by phosphine at 0.25 g, boric acid (95%) at 0.25 g, neem leaves (96%) at 10g and eucalyptus (95%) at 10g after 72h was observed. This technique is a best and eco-friendly to controlling pulse beetles. This technique has no any adverse or residual effect on the quality of grains.

Ovicidal activity of botanicals (Turmeric powder) against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Ovicidal activity of botanicals (Turmeric powder) against the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)

Relative Susceptibility of Chickpea Varieties to Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Appraisal of its Quantitative and Qualitative Losses

Relative Susceptibility of Chickpea Varieties to Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and Appraisal of its Quantitative and Qualitative Losses

Low concentrations of selenium nanoparticles enhance the performance of a generalist parasitoid and its host, with no net effect on host suppression.

The environmental and economic costs of conventional insecticides have stirred an interest in alternative management tactics, including the use of nanotechnologies. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have many applications in agriculture but may not be compatible with biological control; however, low concentrations of SeNPs may benefit natural enemies via hormesis. This study investigates the concentration-dependent effects of SeNPs (0-1000 mg L-1 ) on Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a generalist parasitoid of stored product pests. The LC50 of SeNPs was 1540 mg L-1 for female parasitoids and 1164 mg L-1 for males. SeNPs had a significant hormetic effect; average lifespan increased by 10% at a concentration of 4.03 mg L-1 for females and by 35% at 13.83 mg L-1 for males. In a bioassay including hosts [the azuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)], a low concentration of SeNPs (25 mg L-1 ) enhanced the performance of female parasitoids; lifespan increased by 23% and the number of offspring increased by 88%. However, the number of emerging hosts did not significantly decrease; in the absence of parasitism, SeNPs actually improved host emergence by 17%. Because higher concentrations of SeNPs reduced parasitoid lifespan, whereas low concentrations enhanced not only parasitoid performance but also host emergence, practitioners should exercise caution when considering SeNPs for use in integrated pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Elevated CO2 and Nanoparticles for the Management of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. in Stored Chickpea

Background: Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. is a primary pest of stored chickpea which causes 50-60 per cent loss in seed weight and 45.5-66.3 per cent loss in protein content of the seeds and injudicious and indiscriminate use of hazardous synthetic chemicals for preventing storage losses in chickpea may lead to human and animal health issues due to residual hazards. Therefore, the biorational management of the pulse beetle in stored chickpea has been undertaken keeping biology in mind will prevent the loss as well as protect human health hazard. Methodos: The experiments on various non-chemical biorational approaches like effect of elevated levels of CO2 and application of nano particles which control the test insect effectively but have less toxicity to non-target organisms and the environment were studied in the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during 2018-2021. Result: The results showed that elevated levels of CO2 at 60 and 80 per cent for 150 and 30 minutes respectively resulted in cent per cent mortality of the bruchids. Among the nano particles, nano silica and nano zinc applied @1000 ppm and 750 ppm realized the highest mortality of the bruchids.

Biology and Morphometrics of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. on Chickpea

A study was conducted during year 2022–23 for a period of six months for several generations in controlled laboratory environment at the College of Agriculture, Iroisemba, Imphal, Manipur India on the biology and morphometrics of the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis, on GNG 2207 chickpea cultivar. The experiments were conducted within a BOD incubator, maintaining a constant temperature of 30±1ºC and relative humidity ranging from 70±1 %. Life cycle of C. chinensis encompassed four distinct stages: egg, grub, pupa, and adult. The collected data unveiled essential insights such as the egg incubation period spanned 5–8 days, while grub stage consisted of four instars, taking 16–21 days for complete development. Pupation occurred over a period of 8–9 days. Female adult displayed a longevity range of 8–10 days. In terms of morphometric measurements, the average dimensions for eggs were found to be 0.60±0.05mm in length and 0.35±0.02mm in breadth. The respective lengths and breadths (mm) for the four grub instars, G1, G2, G3, and G4, were as follows: 0.55±0.05 and 0.30±0.02, 1.56±0.09 and 0.91±0.06, 2.68±0.07 and 1.45±0.08, 3.62±0.16 and 1.93±0.08. Pupa measurements yielded an average length and breadth of 3.76±0.22 mm and 2.21±0.05 mm, respectively. Moreover, the dimensions (mm) of adult male and female bruchids were found to be 3.88±0.07, 2.31±0.07, and 4.19±0.10, 2.12±0.11, respectively. The comprehensive life cycle of C. chinensis spanned from 38 to 42 days, encapsulating the various developmental stages.

Effectiveness and Activity of Essential Oils as Bio-insecticides against the Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in Different Pulses

Effectiveness and Activity of Essential Oils as Bio-insecticides against the Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) in Different Pulses

Usage of Jatropha curcas as Botanical Insecticide in Controlling Insect Pest

Insect pests can cause damage to plants and cause losses. Insect pests on plants need to be controlled both preventively and curatively. Integrated control is an integration of several control methods that can be implemented in a compatible and comprehensive. Insect pest control using bio-active plant materials as an alternative to synthetic chemicals. Plants produce secondary metabolite compounds that can affect insects, including Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae). Studies on several insect pests both in the laboratory and in the field against insect pests that attack the field and agricultural product storage warehouses have been carried out to determine their effectiveness. Jatropha curcas plants/parts of plant were applied after extraction treatment with various solvents (water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, petroleum ether, n-hexane and chloroform) or direct use. The results showed that J. curcas exhibited control effects against several types of insect pests from various insect pest. Laboratory study showed the insecticidal effect of J. curcas against Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera frugiperda, Plutella xylostella, Earias insulata, Spilarctia oblicua, Tuta absulata, Nezara viridula, Corcyra cephalonica, Maruca vitrata. Field study showed population reduction of Putella xylostella and Aphis craccivora. Whilst, on stored product study showed mortality of insect pest (Sitophilus zeamais, Rhyzopertha dominica, Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus) and reduction of weight loss of stored products. Jatropha curcas has the potential as a pest insect control to be integrated into the IPM component. Keywords: Jatropha curcas, Botanical insecticide, Insect pest

Efficacy of Packaging Materials against Pulse Beetle <i>Callosobruchus chinensis</i>

Ecofriendly and cost-effective management of chickpeas is very important for improving food security. Barrier property of different packaging materials viz., polypropylene (white), polypropylene (green), polyethylene (gauge1), polyethylene (gauge 2), polymer, cotton, and china lamination was evaluated against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Results revealed that when chickpea was placed in the package after cleaning then no penetration and fecundity of C. chinensis were recorded in the closed package. A significant difference was observed among all the tested packages materials (closed and open) and storage periods in terms of the fecundity of C. chinensis. On the closed package, higher fecundity was observed in PE1 and PE2 packages while in the open package highest infestation was recorded in the CL package. However, fecundity increased with storage period in both open and closed packages.

Screening of Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] Cultivars against Pulse Beetle [Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)

Background: Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] is an important food legume grown in Nagaland, India. It is a versatile underutilized pulse crop grown as a dry pulse and also used as green manure and fodder. Insect pests are one of the major constraints encountered and the pulse beetle, [Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)] is an important pest that causes considerable damage to Vigna seeds. This experiment was carried out to determine the basis of resistance among different ricebean cultivars against pulse beetle which will help in development of resistant varieties. Methods: A laboratory experiment was conducted during January-June of 2019 and 2020 where 16 ricebean cultivars were screened against pulse beetle. The biological parameters of the pest on different cultivars were studied. Correlation between biological parameters of C. chinensis and physico-chemical parameters in different ricebean cultivars was studied. Result: Significant difference was observed in terms of the biological parameters of the pest and the physico-chemical parameters of seeds. The seed size and seed index have significant correlation with the biological parameters of pulse beetle. Cultivars with higher protein and starch content were more susceptible while cultivars with higher phenol and tannin content were less susceptible. Based on the growth index, the following three cultivars viz., Rhüjo, Akixi Anila and Manyhü Rhi were found to be moderately resistant.

Sex-dependent effects of biosynthesized nanoparticles on stored bean pests and their non-target parasitoid

The efficacy of green nanotechnology in biological control remains uncertain because of a lack of knowledge of side-effects on natural enemies and sex-dependent effects on target and non-target organisms. To address this issue, we exposed stored bean pest beetles, Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), the former infected by endosymbiont Wolbachia, and their non-target parasitoid wasp Anisopteromalus calandrae (Pteromalidae) to six types of fungus-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs): silver (AgNPs), selenium (SeNPs), silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs), copper oxide (CuONPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnONPs). The nanoparticles were applied directly to the adults or indirectly via azuki beans, which served as the oviposition medium for female beetles and the sole resource for beetle larvae.Susceptibility to the nanoparticles varied across species and between sexes. SeNPs decreased the longevity of female A. calandrae, while both SeNPs and AgNPs decreased the longevity of female C. maculatus. Surprisingly, ZnONPs increased the adult longevity of C. chinensis, and SeNPs extended the longevity of male C. maculatus. When the bean surface was treated, SeNPs significantly reduced the fecundity and egg hatchability of C. maculatus, resulting in 35% reduction in emerged adults, while SiO2NPs reduced egg hatchability in both beetle species. Interestingly, none of the nanoparticles negatively impacted C. chinensis adults, likely due to the high abundance of the endosymbiont Wolbachia at this life stage. Overall, our results suggest that biosynthesized SeNPs have potential as an effective alternative insecticide for controlling C. maculatus in storage. However, the nanoparticles can increase the fitness of Wolbachia-infected pests, and also affect biocontrol agents like A. calandrae.

Survey on the Occurrence of Insect Pests in Stored Grains in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala State

To identify the species composition and relative abundance of insect pest in stored grains, a preliminary investigation was conducted by collecting grain samples from 16 grain merchant stores in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala state. Insect pest collected during the study were pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis, cow pea beetle, C. maculatus, grain weevil, Sitophilus granarius, long headed flour beetle, Latheticus oryzae, rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica, saw toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella. Tribolium castanaeum, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica (32.25%, 24.51%, 21.91% respectively per 200 g sample) were the most abundant pest species in the grain samples.

Time series analysis showing how different environmental conditions affect the interspecific interactions of Callosobruchus maculatus and Callosobruchus chinensis

AbstractEnvironmental changes alter the strength of interspecific interactions. However, because it is difficult to quantify interaction strength, empirical evidence remains limited on the relationships among environmental change, interaction strength, and consequences on population dynamics. Here, we evaluated how the interactions of two species of Callosobruchus seed beetles changed with increasing the cage size of the experiments and then affected the coexistence period as a property of population dynamics. Specifically, competition experiments were conducted on Callosobruchus maculatus (C. maculatus) and Callosobruchus chinensis (C. chinensis) using cages of different sizes, which altered the density of adults. We focused on two modes of interspecific interactions between these two species: larval resource competition and adult reproductive interference. Convergent cross mapping (CCM) was implemented to the experimental time series of the two species to assess how environmental change altered their interaction strength and the coexistence period (as a proxy of population dynamics). In most replications, C. maculatus persisted, whereas C. chinensis became extinct. The coexistence periods were longer with increasing cage size. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between cage size and interaction strength. Nevertheless, the stronger (or weaker) interaction strength of the competitively inferior (superior) species on competitively superior (inferior) was associated with longer coexistence periods. Overall, this study demonstrated that interaction strength affected population dynamics; however, changing interaction strength by altering environmental conditions did not necessarily mean that increasing habitat size reduces competition strength.