Calligonum Comosum Research Articles

Amendments of the Structural and Physical Properties of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Natural Dye and Treated with Different Mordants

ABSTRACT In the present work, cotton fabrics were dyed with natural dye extracted from the barks of a plant named Calligonum comosum. The dyed fabrics were mordanting with four mordants (potassium aluminium sulphate, black eco-crumb, ferrous chloride, and ferrous sulphate) applied separately. The effect of the mordants was described by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, DSC and TGA techniques. From the obtained results, various bands ratio displayed differences was observed; FT-IR shows a decrease in O-H band intensity; SEM images illustrate that the fabric was firmly woven. Thermal results propose the improvement of the thermal molecular mobility of the cellulose molecules. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity was tested using the modified streak method. The data indicated that the dyed and treated cotton fabrics with ferrous chloride and ferrous sulphate mordants have higher crystallinity indices in agreement with the obtained thermal data and exhibited higher thermal stability as well as expressively altered the morphological structure of cotton fabrics, and imparted a series of functionalities including; antioxidant and antibacterial properties to cotton fabrics.

Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of a collection of medicinal plants from Tunisian arid and Saharan regions

Desert plants are a potentially sustainable source of bioactive molecules. This paper investigates phenolic profile, total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins in a collection of desert shrubs of Tunisian flora (Pituranthos tortuosus; Retama raetam; Ephedra alata; Ziziphus lotus; Capparis spinoza; Calligonum comosum). The collection was build according to people traditional tendency uses. The chemical composition was estimated in ethanol extracts of aerial parts together with a comparison of antioxidant activities. The results were significantly dependent on plant material source. Phenolic contents ranged from 15.52 to 37.5 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of Dry Weight (DW) of plant, and flavonoids ranged from 2.92 to 9.14 mg of rutin equivalents (RE)/g DW. The phenolic profile was composed of 23 compounds identified through LC-ESI–MS analysis. Five phenolic acids (quinic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and trans-Ferulic acid) and five flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetrin and naringenin) were predominant and common between plants. Based on all data visualized within the heatmap, plants were clustered into two groups. The tow species Z. lotus and E. alata were selected for their highest antioxidant potential. These results allowed us to select the combination of three phenolic acids (rutin, qurectrin, quinic acid) that seems determinant in the strong antioxidant capacity. In addition, the possible domestication and cultivation of the two selected plants are discussed.

Calligonum comosum (Escanbil) extract exerts anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects on endometriotic lesions

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCalligonum comosum is a desert plant that is applied in traditional folkloric medicine for the treatment of abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation and menstrual cramps. Moreover, it has been suggested for the treatment of infertility-causing conditions. Its bioactive chemical constituents inhibit multiple processes, such as angiogenesis, inflammation and invasive tissue growth, which may be beneficial in the therapy of endometriosis.Aim of the study: We investigated the effects of Calligonum comosum on the development of endometriotic lesions. Materials and methodsWe evaluated the anti-angiogenic activity of Calligonum comosum ethyl acetate fraction (CCEAF) in different in vitro angiogenesis assays. Moreover, we surgically induced endometriotic lesions in BALB/c mice, which received 50 mg/kg Calligonum comosum total extract (CCTE) or vehicle (control) over 4 weeks. The growth, cyst formation, vascularization and immune cell infiltration of the lesions were assessed with high-resolution ultrasound imaging, caliper measurements, histology and immunohistochemistry. ResultsCCEAF doses of up to 10 μg/mL did not impair the viability of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC), but dose-dependently suppressed their migration, tube formation and sprouting, indicating a substantial anti-angiogenic effect of CCEAF. Furthermore, CCTE significantly inhibited the growth and cyst formation of developing murine endometriotic lesions when compared to vehicle-treated controls. This was associated with a reduced vascularization, cell proliferation and immune cell infiltration. ConclusionsOur findings show that Calligonum comosum targets multiple, fundamental processes in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, which may be beneficial for the treatment of this common gynecological disorder.

Dimorphic fruit colour is associated with differences in germination ofCalligonum comosum

Calligonum comosum L’Hér is a perennial evergreen shrub that produces dimorphic fruits of distinctly yellow or red colour. The species is found on sand dunes of the Middle East, is valued as a highly palatable livestock feed that survives extreme drought, and is suitable for desert restoration of non-saline sandy soils. The association of fruit colour with germination was assessed in laboratory conditions under two temperature (15/20 and 20/30 °C) and two light (0 and 12 h per day) treatments. Additionally, the association of fruit colour with emergence and seedling growth up to 90 days from sowing was assessed in shade house conditions. Germination percentage in the laboratory was the only variable that exhibited significant variation by seed colour. Germination was highest for red seeds grown in the dark at the higher temperature but the influence of seed colour on germination was not repeated in the shade house study. The dimorphic fruit colour of C. comosum is thus associated with differing germination rates, but further study is needed to determine whether morphs employ differing recruitment strategies.

Phenolic profiling, sugar composition and antioxidant capacity of arta (Calligonum comosum L.), a wild Tunisian desert plant

Calligonum comosum, commonly known as “arta", occurs in Tunisia and North African deserts and it is often used in folk medicine. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and radical scavenging activities were determined in four extracts (water, methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate) of three organs of the plant (roots, stem and leaves). Comparison of plant extracts yield showed that methanol was the most effective for polyphenols and flavonoids extractions. The analysis of DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that leaves and stems exhibited higher activity (74.54% and 40.36%) compared to the roots (22.54%). Methanol extracts of the three organs were screened by HPLC/MS and the identified phenolic compounds were further quantified. Results showed that the presence of phytosterols and phenolic compounds was diverse among the three organs. In total, 12 flavonoids and 12 phenolic acids were identified. Flavanols (catechin (+) and epicatechin) and flavonols (quercetrin) were predominant. In addition, saponin in C. comosum organs was analyzed for the first time and results showed a considerable quantity in roots (16.1 mg/g). Sugar contents and mineral composition were also investigated in three organs of C. comosum. The minerals K, Mg, Na, and Ca were detected as interestedly high quantities. The sugar contents were ranged between 8.09% for stem, and 1.43% for roots. The overall results showed that C. comosum is an excellent source of diverse bioactive molecules with high radical scavenging capacity, which could be an interesting material forindustrial purposes. Further studies on the isolation of such compounds appear to be of high interest.

Calligonum comosum and Fusarium sp. extracts as bio-mediator in silver nanoparticles formation: characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial capability.

In the current study, extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out using aqueous extracts of green Calligonum comosum stem, besides Fusarium sp. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet (UV)-Vis spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential. Moreover, biosynthesized AgNPs were estimated for the scavenging ability on DPPH radical as well as tested for their antibacterial activity using well diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, DNA content from untreated and AgNPs treated bacterial cells was evaluated by (UV)-Vis spectrophotometer and agarose gel electrophoresis. Results revealed the formation of AgNPs, which was first detected by color change of the reaction mixture. The characteristic surface plasmon resonance absorption was detected at 450 and 410nm for the plant and myco-synthesized AgNPs. Furthermore, TEM micrograph and zeta sizer showed formation of spherical particles with an average size of about 105.8 and 228.4nm for plant and myco-synthesized AgNPs, respectively. Plant-synthesized AgNPs exhibited higher scavenging of DPPH radicals than that of the myco-synthesized one. For bactericidal action, plant-synthesized AgNPs showed higher inhibition zone compared with myco-synthesized one, which was negatively correlated with the nanoparticle size. Furthermore, low DNA concentration was detected for AgNPs treated bacteria, which might be a consequence of inactivation for DNA replication. Further experimental work is required to find out if there is any correlation between nanoparticles size and efficacy against bacteria.

Calli Essential Oils Synergize with Lawsone against Multidrug Resistant Pathogens.

The fast development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms increasingly threatens global health and well-being. Plant natural products have been known for centuries as alternative medicines that can possess pharmacological characteristics, including antimicrobial activities. The antimicrobial activities of essential oil (Calli oil) extracted from the Calligonum comosum plant by hydro-steam distillation was tested either alone or when combined with lawsone, a henna plant naphthoquinone, against MDR microbes. Lawsone showed significant antimicrobial activities against MDR pathogens in the range of 200–300 µg/mL. Furthermore, Calli oil showed significant antimicrobial activities against MDR bacteria in the range of 180–200 µg/mL, Candida at 220–240 µg/mL and spore-forming Rhizopus fungus at 250 µg/mL. Calli oil’s inhibition effect on Rhizopus, the major cause of the lethal infection mucormycosis, stands for 72 h, followed by an extended irreversible white sporulation effect. The combination of Calli oil with lawsone enhanced the antimicrobial activities of each individual alone by at least three-fold, while incorporation of both natural products in a liposome reduced their toxicity by four- to eight-fold, while maintaining the augmented efficacy of the combination treatment. We map the antimicrobial activity of Calli oil to its major component, a benzaldehyde derivative. The findings from this study demonstrate that formulations containing essential oils have the potential in the future to overcome antimicrobial resistance.

Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Activity of Calligonum azel and C. comosum

One new phenolic compound (1) together with nine known derivatives were isolated from the aerial part apolar extracts of Calligonum azel Maire and Calligonum comosum L'Hér (Polygonaceae). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as ESI-MS analysis. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of pure compounds was evaluated in J774A.1 murine macrophages and Jurkat cells. Among tested molecules, 4-ethoxy-1,2-benzendiol, tamgermanetin, and α,β-diamino-4-hydroxybenzene butanoic acid exerted the more interesting activity.

Preparation, characterization and atrazine adsorption potential of mesoporous carbonate-induced activated biochar (CAB) from Calligonum Comosum biomass: Parametric experiments and kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic modeling

The present work reports the preparation and characterization of a biocahr activated with K2CO3 from waste Calligonum Comosum biomass making carbonate-induced activated biochar (CAB). The carbon activated with a 5% K2CO3 solution had the highest potential for pesticide atrazine adsorption. The CAB was characterized and the results showed that it is a mesoporous material with the BET specific surface area of 1473m2/g and a high amount of oxygenated surface functional groups. The maximum atrazine adsorption onto CAB was observed at the neutral water pH. The atrazine adsorption onto the CAB was best fitted with the pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption rate improved with the increase in solution temperature. The intraparticle diffusion controlled the rate of atrazine adsorption onto CAB under the selected conditions. The adsorption equilibrium results have best fitness with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity onto CAB increase from 370.4mg/g at solution temperature of 10°C to 714.3mg/g when the solution temperature was increased to 40°C. The maximum adsorption capacity of CAB was over times of that of standard activated carbon under the maximum tested solution temperature. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the atrazine adsorption onto CAB is a spontaneous chemisorption and endothermic process. The findings highlight the promise of CAB for high rate and efficient treatment of pesticide-contaminated water.

In vitro antioxidant activities and screening of phytochemicals from methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Calligonum comosum L’Her

Calligonum comosum L’Her (Family: Polygonaceae) are perennial shrub plants growing in the United Arab Emirates, and are being used in traditional medicinal system of UAE. The aim of the proposed study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant activities of the aerial parts of C. comosum. Further, the plant extract was tested for the free radical scavenging activity such as 2, 2′-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS●+) radical decolorization, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl), hydroxyl and nitric oxide radical. The obtained results from phytochemical screening of the plant extracts showed the presence of flavonoid, tannin, carbohydrates, alkaloid, protein, steroids, terpenoids, saponin, phenols and phlobatannin. The plant leaves did not contain cardiacglycoside, anthraquinines and volatile oils. Furthermore, total phenolics content of C. comosum methanolic extract (CCME) and C. comosum Ethyl acetate extract (CCEAE) was 8.15, 4.53 mg/g of extract calculated as quercetin equivalent and the flavonoid was 2.13, 1.67 mg/g of extract calculated as gallic acid equivalent, respectively. The results exhibited a positive linear correlation between these phytochemicals and the free radical scavenging activities. Our findings provide evidence that the CCME and CCEAE posses a potential antioxidants and this justifies its use in folkloric medicines. Thus, a scientific validation of traditional knowledge been achieved in a preliminary level. The plant revealed promising antioxidant activity, and require further studies to throw light on their chemical composition.

Woodcutting Activities in Tabuk Region (Saudi Arabia): Assessment of Conservation Knowledge

The present study aims to investigate the effect of different social factors on the woodcutting frequency in Tabuk Region. A total of 100 people participated in this study by answering the questionnaire questions. The conservation knowledge of the participants was also assessed through 4 questions (Yes or No). The final score of the conservation knowledge assessment is 4. The present study findings showed that most of people like to cut the wood for heating during winter and fall seasons. The frequency of woodcutting in Tabuk Region was once a month. Among the social factors involved in this study, education showed negative and significant relationship with the number of logging times. However, age had positive relationship with the number of logging times. The most favourbale species to be cut and used for heating and cooking in Tabuk are; Acacia tortilis, Acacia ehrenbergiana, Retama reaetam and Calligonum comosum. For the assessment of the public conservation knowledge, it was found that most of participants had moderate to good conservation knowledge as most of them answered 3 questions correctly out of 4. The conservation knowledge showed to be affected positively by education level and negatively by the number of family members. In conclusion, it was found that there is remarkable woodcutting stress on wild plants in Tabuk Region and immediate and effective actions should be performed

Calligonum comosum extract inhibits diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Calligonum comosum (C. comosum) is an Egyptian desert plant that contains polyphenol antioxidants. The present study examined the chemopreventive effect of an extract of C. comosum in a rat model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats (n=40) were administered 100 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection once a week for 3 weeks. Subsequently, depending on whether the rats received further administration of 0.8 mg/kg carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) i.p. once a week for 7 weeks and 100 mg/kg C. comosum extract in their diet for 7 weeks, the rats were divided into four groups as follows: Group 1, treatment with DEN alone; group 2, treatment with DEN and C. comosum extract; group 3, treatment with DEN and CCl4; and group 4, treatment with DEN, CCl4 and C. comosum extract. The supplementation of C. comosum extract significantly suppressed the elevation in serum liver enzyme levels, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and γ-glutamyl transferase, and reduced the degree of oval cell proliferation induced by DEN and CCl4. In addition, C. comosum extract significantly decreased the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive preneoplastic hepatic foci induced by DEN, with or without CCl4 treatment. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to provide definitive evidence of the hepatoprotective and chemopreventive effects of C. comosum.

Anticancer activity of Aloe vera and Calligonum comosum extracts separetely on hepatocellular carcinoma cells

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the in vitro anticancer effect of Aloe vera ( A. vera ) and Calligonum comosum ( C. comosum ) extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Methods HepG2 cells were tested against different doses of A. vera and C. comosum . Viability of the cells was assessed by MTT assay. Evaluation of apoptosis and DNA damage in HepG2 cells were performed using annexin V apoptosis detection kit. The expression of p53 and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) were tested by real time-PCR and flow cytometer analyser. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections from untreated and treated HepG2 cells were observed using light microscopy. Results The IC 50 values of A. vera and C. comosum extracts were (10.45 ± 0.31) and (9.60 ± 0.01) µg/mL respectively. The extracts separately increased cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells in a time and dose dependent manners. Also, it apparently induced apoptosis through increase P53 and decrease Bcl-2 genes expressions. Conclusions The results indicated that the extracts could have anti-hepatocarcinogenic effect, at least in part, through modulation of apoptosis.

Relationships between landforms, soil characteristics and dominant xerophytes in the hyper-arid northern United Arab Emirates

Processes limiting the distribution and abundance of plants are directly linked to landform characteristics. The relationships between soil characteristics and dominant xerophytes were assessed in the major landforms in the hyper-arid deserts of the Northern Emirates (NE) of the United Arab Emirates, northeast of the Arabian Peninsula. Dominant and co-dominant perennial plants were recorded in a total of 1058 stands in 13 landforms. Soil texture, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were assessed in each stand. Two methods of multivariate analysis (TWINSPAN and DCA) classified the landforms into four groups, each with specific indicator(s) species. Canonical Correspondence Analysis ordination showed positive correlations of the halo-xerophytic shrubs along a gradient of EC. Zygophyllum qatarense and Salsola drummondi showed the highest correlation with soil salinity. The psammophytic species Cyperus conglomeratus and the shrubby Calotropis procera and Calligonum comosum are correlated along gradients of high sand content, high pH, and low EC. Acacia tortilis is correlated with increasing silt and clay and it prefers soils with low EC. The grasses Pennisetum divisum and Panicum turgidum are located around the middle of the soil texture, pH and EC gradients. The associations between A. tortilis and other species, e.g. C. comosum, Prosopis cineraria, and S. drummondi, were correlated along gradients of silt and clay. More perennials were associated with both the keystone trees A. tortilis and Prosopis juliflora, but the association was more for the first, compared to the latter species.

Immunomodulation of RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Functions and Antioxidant Activities of 11 Plant Extracts

A group of 11 medicinal plants, including Lavandula pubescens, Trigonella foenugricium, Salsola schweinforthi, Calligonum comosum, Silene succulenta, Silene villosa, Bogonvillea glabra, Cakile maritime, Gomphrene celesoids, Mirabilis jalaba, and Silene nocturna growing in Egypt, were extracted and examined for their immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. RAW 264.7 cells were recruited to investigate the immunomodulatory effect through multiple parameters analysis. First, the proliferation index of macrophages cells was evaluated revealing that Trigonella foenugricium, Silene succulenta and Silene villosa have a significant cytotoxic effect on RAW cells. Interestingly, we observed enhancement of macrophages phagocytic function of by all extracts except Cakile maritime, Gomphrena celosioides and Silene nocturna. Afterwards, macrophages were challenged by incubation with LPS and the effect of various extracts on inflammatory responses was investigated; the generation of NO from activated macrophage was substantially suppressed by 7 extracts namely, Trigonella foenugricium, Calligonum comosum, Silene succulenta, Bougainvillea glabra, Mirabilis jalaba, Gomphrena celosioides and Silene nocturna. TNF-α was decreased by percentage range from 3.8 to 85.8% and Trigonella foenugricium extract showed the highest inhibition of TNF-α release. All extracts except Trigonella foenugricium, Salsola schweinforthi, Silene succulenta and Mirabilis jalaba significantly inhibited COX-2 production from stimulated macrophage. Moreover, evaluating the potential antioxidant activity of these extracts showed that Trigonella foenugricium, Salsola schweinforthi, Calligonum comosum, Bogonvillea glabra and Mirabilis jalaba exhibited some antioxidant activities. Taken together, our results suggest that some of these extracts may have a considerable antinflammatory and antioxidant effects and may be a potential therapeutic choice in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Green Approach to Corrosion Inhibition of Copper by the Extract of Calligonum comosum in Strong Acidic Medium

The corrosion inhibition effect of Calligonum comosum (CC) extract on copper (Cu) in 2 mol L−1 HCl medium has been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. The polarization studies showed that CC extract acts as mixed type protection and maximum inhibition efficiency. 80.06 pct in 2 mol L−1 HCl is obtained at 0.8 g L−1 CC extract. The Nyquist plots showed an increase of the charge-transfer resistance with increasing of the inhibitor concentration and decrease double-layer capacitance. The inhibitory action of the extract was discussed in view of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Genome size and phylogenetic relationships between the Tunisian species of the genus Calligonum (Polygonaceae)

The species of the genus Calligonum L. (Polygonaceae) that appear in Tunisian deserts play an important role in maintaining local ecosystems and supply important natural resources in these regions. In this study, 31 individuals belonging to the 3 hypothetical species of the genus Calligonum (Calligonum arich Le Houér., Calligonum azel Maire, and Calligonum comosum L'Hér.) were collected from 12 populations in 6 localities of the Tunisian desert and examined to assess the relationship between species. Phylogenetic analyses using 1 nuclear (ITS) and 2 plastid regions (trnL-trnF and rbcL) and genome size assessments are used in this study to evaluate the relationships between these hypothetical species. C-value results suggest the existence of 3 different species, which is also supported by phylogenetic tree topology. The paraphyletic pattern of C. comosum and the plausible origin of C. arich from C. azel suggest the existence of several mechanisms of isolation and speciation in the Sahara Desert for this genus. Additional studies are necessary to evaluate the population size, demographic tendency, and conservation status of these desert species and their genetic relationships with other congeners.

Some ecophysiological characteristics of artà (Calligonum comosum Ľ Hérit) in response to drought stress

Water deficit is an important environmental factor restricting plant growth and photosynthesis. The effect of water deprivation on leaf water status, photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of arta (Calligonum comosum) was studied. Five-month-old arta seedlings, grown in pots in the open air, were subjected to one of four drought treatments (i.e., mild, moderate, severe and extreme drought stress) and compared to control seedlings (normal watering regime). Results show that leaf water potential, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a and b) decreased with increasing levels of drought stress. Inactivation of the photosynthetic apparatus was accompanied by changes in the fluorescence characteristics, providing evidence that reduction of photosynthetic rate could be attributed to non-stomatal limitations. Alterations imply changes in photochemical conversion efficiency of photosystem II by which plants could reduce water transpiration or protect their photosynthetic apparatus from destruction. These adaptations are discussed in relation to the strategies developed to grow drought-resistant arta seedlings in desert environments.

Unraveling landscapes with phytogenic mounds (nebkhas): An exploration of spatial pattern

Phytogenic mounds (nebkhas) often are symptoms of desertification in arid regions. Interactions among nebkhas and between nebkhas and their environment are however poorly examined. To this end, three main hypotheses of nebkha pattern formation were evaluated in this study. These state that nebkha patterns are either shaped by: (i) biologically induced recruitment inhibiting zones, (ii) biologically induced recruitment encouraging zones, or (iii) by the spatial distribution of abiotic factors which are not biologically driven. Contrasting nebkha landscapes were examined: a highly dense New Mexican mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) and snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae and Gutierrezia microcephala) ecosystem, and a low-density mixed Tamarix aphylla and Calligonum comosum field in central Libya. Spatial second-order statistics of strategically chosen nebkha subpatterns were compared with those of null models in which observed patches were spatially randomized without overlap. Null model deviations were assessed with goodness-of-fit tests, and interpreted in terms of hypothesized mechanisms of nebkha pattern formation. Our results suggest that biologically induced recruitment inhibiting zones surround adult mesquite nebkhas. The configuration of Calligonum and Tamarix nebkhas may be driven by spatial dynamics of abiotic microsites which are not caused by nebkha interactions. Hence we conclude that both biotic and abiotic drivers can shape nebkha spatial patterns.

Characterization of volatile components in Calligonum comosum by coupling gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mean field approach independent component analysis

The volatile components of Calligonum comosum were extracted using a simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mass spectra obtained from their components were surveyed by searching in NIST and Wiley libraries, but some of the components did not show a satisfactory matching percentage. Morphological score (MS) has used for chemical rank determination, and simple-to use interactive self-modeling mixture analysis (SIMPLISMA) was used as an initial estimate in the iterative process. In the next step, the overlapping peaks were resolved into pure chromatograms and mass spectra using independent component analysis (ICA) methods. Among different independent component analysis algorithms, mean field (MF) applying non-negativity constraints on concentration and spectra profiles is used in this research. MF-ICA can be used as an alternative method for a rapid and accurate analysis of real, multi-component, challenging systems such as essential oils. The resolved mass spectra were satisfactorily identified using mass spectral searches in NIST and Wiley libraries. The consequences of this study show that joining of hyphenated chromatographic methods and resolution techniques provide a satisfactory method for precise analysis of essential oils along with expanding the number of constituents.