Localities In California Research Articles

REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF THE PEARL OYSTER PTERIA STERNA (PTERIIDAE) IN THE OJO DE LIEBRE LAGOON, B.C.S., MEXICO

The reproductive cycle of a wild population of the oyster pearl Pteria sterna living in the Ojo de Liebre lagoon was analyzed from February 2001 to February 2002. The gonadic development was studied both qualitatively (through histological analysis) and quantitatively (through an analysis of the percent follicular area). P. sterna’s gonadic development consists of five stages (undifferentiated, developing, ripe, spawning, and spent). The percent follicular area turned out to be an adequate quantitative indicator of reproductive activity, with significantly higher values in the ripe months (August to September) and with a decrease directly related to spawning. The reproductive cycle of P. sterna is synchronic and is influenced by temperature and food availability. The reproductive season can be regarded to range from October to April, starting when temperature drops. The size at first maturity was determined at 117.1 mm SH and 106.6 mm SH for females and males, respectively. However, the smallest ripe female and male measured 73 mm SH and 26 mm SH, respectively, and both were undergoing the spawning phase. Differences in the reproductive cycle of P. sterna were found between the one reported here and reports for other Gulf of California's localities.

Representative voter or bureaucratic manipulation: An examination of public finances in California before and after Proposition 13

After Proposition 13 the size of California's localities' budgets was essentially determined at the state level. Shapiro and Sonstelie (S&S) argue that one effect of this constraint on local governments was to alter the preferred budgetary mix of whoever decides on that mix. If we believe that the local fiscal-choice process of voters and local bureaucrats is approximated by S&S's bureaucratic manipulation model, we could find their econometric results reassuring. Even if we entertained a less precise modeling of the decision-making process and of the source of bureaucratic power, we could still be reassured, since their econometric results indicate that an alteration in budgetary mix did occur between the years just prior to and just after implementation of Proposition 13. Though reassuring, the results are insufficient in themselves to warrant the very strong conclusion that the representative-voter hypothesis is to be rejected. The authors require stringent assumptions to ensure that the representative-voter model does not also predict a change in the value of Equation (5.4)'s parameters between the preand post-Proposition 13 periods. They assume that voters' preferences for private and public goods are separable and that the expansion paths in Z space are linear. Although these assumptions make it simpler to distinguish econometrically between the representativevoter and bureaucratic-manipulation models, if the true budget expansion path were not linear the parameter values would in general differ between the two periods, even if the representative-voter model were otherwise appropriate. Thus, if Equation (5.4) were misspecified because of nonlinearities or because voter-residents' tastes were changing over time or for any other reason, then a test of equality would lead S&S to reject the representative-voter hypothesis. The authors carefully note the foregoing and consequently test for the temporal stability of the parameters in (5.4), utilizing data for the two years just prior to implementation of Proposition 13. Given the calculated value of the test statistic, which falls about midway between the 5% and 1% significance levels, I find it very difficult to

GENETICS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS. XXXIII. A PROGRESS REPORT ON GENETIC CHANGES IN POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS IN A LOCALITY IN CALIFORNIA

Journal Article GENETICS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS. XXXIII. A PROGRESS REPORT ON GENETIC CHANGES IN POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS IN A LOCALITY IN CALIFORNIA Get access Theodosius Dobzhansky Theodosius Dobzhansky The Rockefeller Institute New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Evolution, Volume 17, Issue 3, 1 September 1963, Pages 333–339, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1963.tb03286.x Published: 01 September 1963 Article history Received: 01 November 1962 Published: 01 September 1963