California Test Of Personality Research Articles

Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Individual and Social Adaptation of Addicts

Background: Addiction is a pervasive problem that causes physical problems and affects the adaptation of addicts. This study investigates the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on individual and social adaptation of addicts referred to comprehensive health service centers in Birjand.
 Methods: The present experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest design with a control group. All addicted people referred to health centers in the suburb of Birjand, which is among the city’s vulnerable areas, were selected in 2020. The subjects were selected by a conveniencemethod and randomly divided into three groups of 32 persons according to the study’s objectives. The study questionnaire was the California test of personality. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy based on treatment protocols were held in 12 sessions of 60 minutes. The questionnaires were completed before the intervention and one month after the intervention in the three groups. Then, the data were entered into SPSS version 16 software. Analysis of variance, paired t, independent t, and chi-square tests analyzed the data. In all analyses, a significance level of less than 05.0 was considered.
 Results: There was no difference between the three groups regarding age, occupation, and education level. The mean scores of social adaptation after the intervention were 57.47 ± 12.33 and 47.90 ± 5.93 in the ACT and CBT groups, respectively. The variance analysis showed that the mean scores of social adaptation were significantly different in three groups before and after the intervention (P < 0.001). Also, the mean score of social adaptation in the ACT group significantly increased after the intervention compared to before (P = 0.02), but there was no significant difference in the CBT and control groups before and after the intervention. After controlling for social and individual adaptation before the intervention, the variance analysis showed a significant difference in the score of social adaptation between the ACT, CBT, and control groups (P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in individual adaptation scores between the three groups (P < 0.001).
 Conclusions: Both treatments based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy were influential on the individualsocial adaptation of addicts. Nevertheless, the acceptance and commitment therapy approach had a more significant impact on improving the social adaptation of addicts.

Structural Boundaries of Single-Parent Families and Children's Adjustment

The present study investigates the structural boundaries of the divorced single-parent family system and subsystems and the relationships between these and children's emotional, social, and academic functioning. The subjects were 189 children (95 of intact and 94 of divorced families) and their mothers (60 married and 58 divorced). Three tests were used to assess family boundaries: Boundary Ambiguity Scale (BAS), Kvebaek Family Sculpture Technique (KFST); and Family Drawing Test (FDT). California Test of Personality (CTP) was used to assess the children's levels of emotional and social adjustment. Their academic achievements were evaluated by the children's grades in English, Hebrew, and mathematics. The results show that the majority of children of divorced families and about half of their mothers still include their fathers in their family systems. The results also reveal that both these children and their mothers perceive their family subsystems as less hierarchically distinguished than do the corresponding groups from intact families. In addition, the findings show that neither the mothers' characteristics nor the subjects' perceptions of their family boundaries predict the emotional, social, and academic functioning of the children. These and the other results are discussed in relation to their implications for family system theory and the cybernetic model.

Emotional Response Patterns to Body Weight-Related Cues

75 female University students were given either a body weight related questionnaire (QJ) or a control questionnaire (Q2) prior to taking the California Test of Personality (CTP), a measure of emotional adjustment. Overweight body image women given QJ had significantly lower emotional adjustment scores p < .01) regardless of actual body weight than all others. Women with normal images had higher CTP scores (p < .01). Women given Q2 had equivalent scores regardless of body weight or image. The study experimentally demonstrated that females emotionally respond to stimuli that focus attention on body weight, and the direction of their responses depends on body weight image.

FAMILY DYNAMICS AND MEDICATION COMPLIANCE IN TEENAGED EPILEPTICS

Optimal seizure control for a teenager epileptic requires compliance with the prescribed regimen. We tested the hypothesis that poor medication compliance is associated with parental restrictiveness and family disharmony, since both thwart the attainment of the teens' developmental goals of independence and acceptance in the family. Twenty-five epileptic young people (ages 9-17 yrs. being treated with phenobarbital were observed for one year). Teens' perceptions of their Personal Freedom (TPF) in daily activities and Teens' views of harmony in their Family Relations (TFR) were measured using scales from the California Test of Personality. Similar scales assessed Parents' views of the teens' Personal Freedom (PPF) and Parents' views of Family Relations (PFR). Saliva Compliance Scores (SCS) were calculated from phenobarbital levels in saliva samples obtained monthly (by mail from the subjects' homes and at clinic and home visits). SCS was correlated with TPF (r=0.38,p=0.06), PPF (r=0.52, p=0.007), TFR (r=0.39, p=0.04), and PFR (r=0.40,p=0.04). The SCS was more highly correlated with TPF after partialling out the effects of age (r=0.41,p=0.04), and sex (r=0.42,p=0.03). These family issues have potential causal relationships to medication compliance in epileptic youth. Clinicians should monitor and address family-adolescent interaction in order to assure the desired outcome in the treatment of adolescents with epilepsy.

The role of memory in personality continuity: a 25 year follow-up.

Several longitudinal studies have been published showing high retest coefficients in self-report personality inventories. While the data suggest stability in personality over long periods of adulthood, critics have argued that individuals may be motivated to present themselves in consistent fashion to the investigator. It has been suggested that respondents may remember how they answered the items previously. Thus, memory and the desire for consistency may be responsible for the high stability coefficients typically observed. In the present study 85 individuals who had completed the California Test of Personality as university students in 1944 were asked to complete it again 25 years later. Respondents were instructed to remember how they had answered the inventory as students and to fill it out in that manner (Retrospective condition) in addition to responding as they were in the present (Self condition). Results indicated high retest correlations between the 1944 and 1969 Self conditions, whereas the correlations between the 1944 Self and 1969 Retrospective conditions were much lower. Subjects describing their present selves obtained scores more highly correlated with their 1944 scores than scores created by attempting to describe themselves as they had been 25 years previously. These data indicate that memory for responses to a personality inventory taken years before is inaccurate, and that it cannot account for the observed consistency in personality test scores.

Alienation, dogmatism, and related personality characteristics.

Examined the relationship between alienation and dogmatism, as measured by shared personality characteristics. Scores from the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, the Keniston Alienation Scale, the California Test of Personality, and the Omnibus Personality Inventory were obtained for a sample of 92 college freshmen. Alienation and dogmatism were found to be positively related concepts. The factors that best predicted alienation from dogmatic responses were intolerance expressed for opposing beliefs and compulsivity in the belief system. Alienation and dogmatism also were found to be associated with several commonly held personality traits, which center around anxiety, low self-esteem, and social estrangement manifested in feelings of hostility, aggression, loneliness, rejection, and isolation. These results were discussed and compared to previous research that explored the two concepts separately.

Personality characteristics and disciplinary attitudes of child-abusing mothers

The literature indicates that child abusing mothers are characterized by distinctive personality attributes. No studies appear pertaining to the attitudes of abusive mothers on child discipline. To further explore the personality characteristics and examine disciplinary attitudes manifested by abusive mothers (AMs), 20 AMs receiving Aid to Dependent Children (ADC) and 20 nonabusive, ADC mothers were administered the Family Concept Inventory, a measure of self-esteem (California Test of Personality), selected items from the MMPI reflecting depression/apathy and resentment/ agression, measures of reward- and punishment-oriented disciplinary stance, a series of seven Eriksonian developmental conflict scales, and selected stimuli from the TAT. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed highly significant differences between the groups on the personality measures. Abusive mothers manifested lower self esteem, lower family concept, lower frustrated independence and greater depression and apathy; they scored lower on measures of the first six Eriksonian developmental stages. AMs scored higher on MMPI and TAT measures of aggression. No difference in attitudes towards discipline was found. Discriminant analysis using these data and actuarial data rendered 97.5% correct differentiation between the groups. Implications of the results are discussed.

Noncompliance in Children With Renal Transplants

In the article "Noncompliance in Children With Renal Transplants" by Korsch et al (Pediatrics 61:872, June 1978), Fig 1 and 2 are reserved. The bar graph showing the distribution of results on the Piers-Harris Seif-Esteen Scale should be Fig 1, and the bar graph showing the distribution of results on the California Test of Personality should be Fig. 2.

Effects of Teacher-Led, Curriculum-Integrated Sensitivity Training in a Large High School 1

AbstractIn an attempt to develop a widely applicable, practical means of reducing students' alienation from school, family and community by increasing self-ideal congruence, encounter groups were offered as elective courses to 10th grade students. The groups were led by teachers and professional trainers in the first year and by teachers alone in the second. Small and standard size classes comprised the control groups. Personal adjustment and social attitudes were measured by the California Test of Personality, self-ideal congruence by Miskimins Self-Goal-Other Test. Ratings of change were also obtained from parents. Results suggest limited positive effects of the encounter groups and some negative effects of small classes. Many positive changes noted in the school, possibly related indirectly to the experimental intervention, indicate a greater impact on other parts of the school environment than on the immediate consumers of

Correlations between Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory and the California Test of Personality for Children in Grades Four and Six

Correlations between scores on Coopersmith's self-esteem inventory and a measure of emotional adjustment, the California Test of Personality, for 214 fourth and 213 sixth grade children, contrary to expectations, were not curvilinear. For n = 427 Coopersmith scores correlated .62, .49, and .59 with the California Personal, Social and Total scores respectively, rs by grade and sex were not substantially different However, for fourth graders, self-esteem scores were more strongly related to Personal Adjustment scores than they were to the Social Adjustment scores, whereas for sixth graders, these rs were about the same.

Psychological Status of Student Drug Users

The purpose of this study was to determine how a child's self-concept influences their drug attitudes and behaviors. In addition to identifying specific drug practices, students responded to four subscales of the California Test of Personality. “Anti-Social Tendencies” and “Family Relations” correlated significantly and negatively with the use of almost all substances and positively with drug attitude. “Feeling of Belongong” was related negatively to the use of the more dangerous drugs.

Relationships Among Scores On the California Test of Personality, the Ipat Children's Personality Questionnaire, and the Ipat Jr.-Sr. High School Personality Questionnaire

Relationships Among Scores On the California Test of Personality, the Ipat Children's Personality Questionnaire, and the Ipat Jr.-Sr. High School Personality Questionnaire

Team Teaching: Student Adjustment and Achievement

AbstractStudent social adjustment and achievement in reading and language at the fourth and sixth grade levels in an experimental dual-teacher team organization were compared with a modified self-contained classroom organization. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of team cooperative planning, presentation, and evaluation. The student group consisted of 203 elementary children. Instruments used included the California Test of Personality, the Bonney-Fessenden Sociograph, the California Test of Mental Maturity, and the California Achievement Test as pre- and post-measures. The data were analyzed by means of the PSCE Analysis of Covariance Program at the University of Michigan Computer Center. The results indicated significant differences in sociograph rejections received favoring the self-contained control groups.

The California Test of Personality as a Measure of Change in the Personality Structure of Teacher-Aides in a 2-Week Workshop

Thirty-six teacher-aides were administered the California Test of Personality (CTP) at the beginning and end of a 2-week pre-service workshop a.) to assess their personality structure prior to training and b.) to note any significant changes in personality structure which might have occurred during the workshop. On the initial test the means of the teacher-aide group were found to be at or above the means of the standardization population on all fifteen of the CTP scales. A positive increase in group means was found on thirteen of the fifteen CTP scales. Nine of the thirteen increases were statistically significant (p.<.05). Significantly greater mean gain was found for the composite scale “Social Adjustment” than for the composite scale “Personal Adjustment.” “Total Adjustment” gain was also significant.

Personality, stuttering severity, and age.

Sixty-six male stutterers between the ages of 8 and 21 years were given the California Test of Personality and evaluated for stuttering severity during oral reading and spontaneous speech. Twenty-three subjects with other communicative disorders served as a control group. Simple and multiple correlation coefficients were computed among scores of personality, speech, and age. There were no significant correlations to indicate a relationship between personality maladjustment and increased age or stuttering severity. In the experimental group an interesting disparity was found between Social Standards (60th percentile) and Social Skills (30th percentile). Contrary to usual assumptions, however, signs of maladjustment were more prevalent among subjects with disorders of speech other than stuttering.

Differences in Personality Traits among Most Preferred and Least Preferred Students in Grades 10, 11, and 12

Subjects, 162 students in six classroom groups-two groups from each of grades 10, 11, and 12-were administered a comprehensive, 5-choice near-sociometric scale designed to identify most preferred and least preferred students. This variable, preference status, was then analyzed in relation to the personality characteristics measured by the California Test of Personality. Scores made by the most preferred students on each component of the personality test differed significantly (.01) from those made by the least preferred group. The preference status of students remains relatively constant through time.

Parent-child relations: a child's acceptance by others, of others, and of self.

A phenomenal approach was employed to assess children's attitudes of acceptance by other family members, acceptance of other family members, and acceptance of self. The sample consisted of 81 Caucasian males, 6 1/2 through 12 years of age; 35 were classified as normal, 35 as learning disordered, and 11 as emotionally disturbed. Children's attitudes of acceptance by and of other family members were measured by the Family Relations Test. Children's acceptance of self was measured by the Sense of Personal Worth Scale, California Test of Personality. Findings revealed significant differences in the emotionally disturbed and learning-disordered samples in certain attitude areas. Significant correlations were discovered in certain relationships examined within samples.

A factor analysis of the elementary level of the California Test of Personality.

A factor analysis of the elementary level of the California Test of Personality.

Personal-Social Adjustment, Physical Fitness, Attitude toward Physical Education of High School Girls by Socioeconomic Level

Abstract Eleventh grade girls (N = 114) representing three socioeconomic groups were tested to determine whether there were any significant differences between socioeconomic groups with reference to personal-social adjustment, attitude toward physical education, and physical fitness. These variables were measured by the California Test of Personality — Secondary Form AA, the Wear Attitude Inventory — Form A, and the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test. Socioeconomic level was determined using McCall's Scale. Relationships between these variables for the entire group and for each socioeconomic group were investigated. Results of this study showed a significant difference between socioeconomic groups in the matter of personal-social adjustment, with the high socioeconomic group showing better adjustment scores than the middle group and the middle group better than the low group. There were also significant positive relationships between the following variables: physical fitness and attitude toward physical education,...

Self-acceptance and adjustment revisited: a replication.

Taylor and Combs (1952) found that adjusted children are more capable of accepting threatening statements than poorly adjusted children. The present study was an attempt to repeat their research with college students. Their list of damaging statements was modified for an older population and the California Test of Personality (CTP) was used as a measure of adjustment. Data were collected for 79 Ss who were asked to identify themselves. Critical ratios were not significant and a correlation of .01 between indices was obtained. When the measures were later administered to 109 Ss without requiring names, r = .04. Inspection showed that results for Ss in the CTP mid-distribution were in predicted directions but that scores for Ss at the extremes were reversed. Results were discussed in terms of neurotic symptoms and stable adult behavior.