Calibration Capabilities Research Articles

Incidence Trends and Risk Prediction Nomogram for Suicidal Attempts in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is often associated with suicidal attempt (SA). Therefore, predicting the risk factors of SA would improve clinical interventions, research, and treatment for MDD patients. This study aimed to create a nomogram model which predicted correlates of SA in patients with MDD within the Chinese population.Method: A cross-sectional survey among 474 patients was analyzed. All subjects met the diagnostic criteria of MDD according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was used to explore demographic information and clinical characteristics associated with SA. A nomogram was further used to predict the risk of SA. Bootstrap re-sampling was used to internally validate the final model. Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) were used to evaluate the capability of discrimination and calibration, respectively. Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was also used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model.Result: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being married (OR = 0.473, 95% CI: 0.240 and 0.930) and a higher level of education (OR = 0.603, 95% CI: 0.464 and 0.784) decreased the risk of the SA. The higher number of episodes of depression (OR = 1.854, 95% CI: 1.040 and 3.303) increased the risk of SA in the model. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.715, with the internal (bootstrap) validation sets was 0.703. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test yielded a P-value of 0.33, suggesting a good fit of the prediction nomogram in the validation set.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the demographic information and clinical characteristics of SA can be used in a nomogram to predict the risk of SA in Chinese MDD patients.

Preoperative Predictors of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colon Cancer.

BackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) is a well-established prognostic factor for colon cancer. Preoperative LNM evaluation is relevant for planning colon cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to construct and evaluate a nomogram for predicting LNM in primary colon cancer according to pathological features.Patients and MethodsSix-hundred patients with clinicopathologically confirmed colon cancer (481 cases in the training set and 119 cases in the validation set) were enrolled in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2010 to December 2019. The expression of molecular markers (p53 and β-catenin) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen out independent risk factors, and a nomogram was established. The accuracy and discriminability of the nomogram were evaluated by consistency index and calibration curve.ResultsUnivariate logistic analysis revealed that LNM in colon cancer is significantly correlated (P <0.05) with tumor size, grading, stage, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and peripheral nerve infiltration (PNI). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that CEA, grading, and PNI were independent prognostic factors of LNM (P <0.05). The nomogram for predicting LNM risk showed acceptable consistency and calibration capability in the training and validation sets.ConclusionsPreoperative CEA level, grading, and PNI were independent risk factor for LNM. Based on the present parameters, the constructed prediction model of LNM has potential application value.

An isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry candidate reference measurement procedure for aldosterone measurement in human plasma.

Accurate quantitation of aldosterone is clinically important in standardized testing for primary aldosteronism. The results are often variable when performed by clinical immunoassays. To standardize and ensure the accuracy of clinical systems, reference measurement procedures (RMPs) with higher metrological order are required. A simple and reliable isotope dilution LC-IDMS/MS-based measurement procedure for human plasma aldosterone has been developed. This method involved plasma spiked with a deuterium-labelled internal standard, equilibrated for 0.5h, and extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) without derivatization. Aldosterone and its structural analogues were baseline separated with a C18-packed UHPLC column with gradient elution within 7min. The signal intensity variability and measurement imprecision were reduced by bracketing calibration during plasma aldosterone value assignment. The limit of detection (LoD) was 19.4pmol/L with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 3. The lowest limit of quantification (LLoQ) was 27.7pmol/L (S/N > 10 and CV < 10.0%). LLE was performed with 1mL of n-hexane/ethyl acetate (3:2, v/v), and the extraction recovery was determined to be 92.15 ± 3.54%. The imprecisions were ≤ 3.18% for samples at 124.8, 867.0, and 2628.5pmol/L. The recoveries were 98.11-101.61%. The relative bias between this candidate RMP and the established RMP was 2.76-1.89%. The linearity response ranged from 27.7 to 2774.4pmol/L with R2 = 0.999. The method performance met the requirements of RMPs (≤ 5% total CV and ≤ 3% bias). Furthermore, the developed method was applied to evaluate immunoassays through 41 patient sample comparisons. The calibration and measurement capability (CMC) of this method were also evaluated by measuring these samples. The candidate RMP can serve as an accurate reference baseline for routine methods and can be used for value assignment for reference materials. Selected ion chromatograms by LC-MS/MS using a C18 column for aldosterone and its structural analogues.

Development of food industry metrological assurance complex

The paper considers the contribution of experts from the Laboratory of Metrology of Moisture Measurement and Reference Materials to the improvement of the food industry metrological assurance system. The information on the results of the development of forty types of reference materials (RM) for the composition of various nutrition, food staples and nutritional supplement in the period 2008-2020 is generalized. The development of each new RM type included preparation of the material, research for its stability and homogeneity, and determination of certified value with the appliance of State primary (GET 173) and secondary (GVET 176-1) standards, as well as primary reference measurement procedures and conducting the interlaboratory experiment for checking the applicability of the RM. The creation in 2008 of GET 173 was accompanied by the development of RMs for the composition of grains and dry milk product. The approval in 2010 of GVET 176-1 allowed to add in the RM the certified value for the mass fraction of nitrogen (protein). As a result of successful participation in comparisons, UNIIM got 6 items of calibration and measurement capabilities on measurements of mass fraction of nitrogen in glycine, milk powder, grain, egg powder, cereal and feed-stuff in the BIPM database. 35 types of RM for the composition of dairy and meat products, egg powder, infant food, oil and starch products together with the development of primary reference measurement procedures for measurement of fat, crude fat, ash and carbohydrates mass fraction were created between 2016 and 2019. Moreover, the RM for the composition of nutritional supplement (glycine, melamine, cystine) and dairy products for metrological assurance of IR-analysers as well as RM for the composition of reconstituted milk were developed for the control of measurement results by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Developed RM were systemized on fields of the appliance of Technical regulations of Customs Union and the sectors of the international food triangle model. These RMs allow providing the measurement uniformity of the identification indicators and the nutritional value of food products and food staples.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for in-hospital major cardiovascular events in patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction

ObjectivesPatients admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have considerable variability in in-hospital risks, resulting in higher demands on healthcare resources. Simple risk-assessment tools are important for the identification...

Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Preoperative Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Radiomics Signature and Deep Learning Signature.

Background and PurposeThe preoperative LN (lymph node) status of patients with LUAD (lung adenocarcinoma) is a key factor for determining if systemic nodal dissection is required, which is usually confirmed after surgery. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for preoperative prediction of LN metastasis in LUAD based on a radiomics signature and deep learning signature.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included a training cohort of 200 patients, an internal validation cohort of 40 patients, and an external validation cohort of 60 patients. Radiomics features were extracted from conventional CT (computed tomography) images. T-test and Extra-trees were performed for feature selection, and the selected features were combined using logistic regression to build the radiomics signature. The features and weights of the last fully connected layer of a CNN (convolutional neural network) were combined to obtain a deep learning signature. By incorporating clinical risk factors, the prediction model was developed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis, based on which the nomogram was developed. The calibration, discrimination and clinical values of the nomogram were evaluated.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the radiomics signature, deep learning signature, and CT-reported LN status were independent predictors. The prediction model developed by all the independent predictors showed good discrimination (C-index, 0.820; 95% CI, 0.762 to 0.879) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P=0.193) capabilities for the training cohort. Additionally, the model achieved satisfactory discrimination (C-index, 0.861; 95% CI, 0.769 to 0.954) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P=0.775) when applied to the external validation cohort. An analysis of the decision curve showed that the nomogram had potential for clinical application.ConclusionsThis study presents a prediction model based on radiomics signature, deep learning signature, and CT-reported LN status that can be used to predict preoperative LN metastasis in patients with LUAD.

Are medical record front page data suitable for risk adjustment in hospital performance measurement? Development and validation of a risk model of in-hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction

ObjectivesTo develop a model of in-hospital mortality using medical record front page (MRFP) data and assess its validity in case-mix standardisation by comparison with a model developed using the complete...

Radiomics Analysis Based on Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Prediction of Therapeutic Response to Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

PurposeTo investigate the role of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) radiomics for pretherapeutic prediction of the response to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsOne hundred and twenty-two HCC patients (objective response, n = 63; non-response, n = 59) who received CE-MRI examination before initial TACE were retrospectively recruited and randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 85) and a validation cohort (n = 37). All HCCs were manually segmented on arterial, venous and delayed phases of CE-MRI, and total 2367 radiomics features were extracted. Radiomics models were constructed based on each phase and their combination using logistic regression algorithm. A clinical-radiological model was built based on independent risk factors identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A combined model incorporating the radiomics score and selected clinical-radiological predictors was constructed, and the combined model was presented as a nomogram. Prediction models were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.ResultsAmong all radiomics models, the three-phase radiomics model exhibited better performance in the training cohort with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.753 - 0.922), which was verified in the validation cohort (AUC, 0.833; 95% CI, 0.691 - 0.975). The combined model that integrated the three-phase radiomics score and clinical-radiological risk factors (total bilirubin, tumor shape, and tumor encapsulation) showed excellent calibration and predictive capability in the training and validation cohorts with AUCs of 0.878 (95% CI, 0.806 - 0.950) and 0.833 (95% CI, 0.687 - 0.979), respectively, and showed better predictive ability (P = 0.003) compared with the clinical-radiological model (AUC, 0.744; 95% CI, 0.642 - 0.846) in the training cohort. A nomogram based on the combined model achieved good clinical utility in predicting the treatment efficacy of TACE.ConclusionCE-MRI radiomics analysis may serve as a promising and noninvasive tool to predict therapeutic response to TACE in HCC, which will facilitate the individualized follow-up and further therapeutic strategies guidance in HCC patients.

P0158 / #274: COMPARISON ON PERFORMANCE OF THE PEDIATRIC INDEX OF MORTALITY (PIM) -2 AND PIM-3 SCORES IN THE PEDIATRIC CARE UNIT OF A HIGH COMPLEXITY INSTITUTION

Aims & Objectives: To determine the performance of each of the available Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) scores, by assessing the capability for discrimination and calibration in patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit in the city of Bogotá. Methods: We designed a retrospective, observational cohort study, which included all patients aged between a month and 17 years and 364 days, admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a high complexity university hospital between April 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018. We analyzed the standardized mortality ratio, discrimination, calibration and net reclassification index (NRI) for each model. Results: A total of 722 patients were included, the mortality rate was 3.74 % and for PIM3 the ratio between expected and observed mortality was 0.66 (p = 0.01) for PIM2 and 1.00 (p = 0.99) for PIM3. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test suggests inadequate calibration for PIM2 (HL= 13.18 p = 0.11), but adequate calibration for PIM3 (HL = 28.08 p < 0.01). The area under the diagnostic performance curve for PIM2 was 0.87 (95% CI 0.80; 0.94), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.82; 0.95) for PIM3. The net reclassification index was -27.1 %. PIM 3 classified survivors better than PIM2, but inadequately classified non-survivors. Conclusions: Although both models show adequate discrimination ability, PIM3 shows a better correlation between predicted risk score and observed mortality. Thus, it may be a useful tool for measuring the internal processes of intensive care units in Colombia and for making comparisons between groups of similar characteristics.

75th Foundation Day of CSIR-National Physical Laboratory: Celebration of Achievements in Metrology for National Growth

The CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (CSIR-NPL), the National Metrology Institute (NMI) of India, is a premier laboratory, founded on January 04, 1947, under the umbrella of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, Government of India, by an Act of Parliament. It has now completed 74 glorious years after inception and entered into its 75th year, i.e. Platinum Jubilee Year. To commemorate its 75th Foundation Day, the CSIR-NPL organized a National Metrology Conclave (NMC) on January 04, 2021. On this auspicious occasion, the Honourable Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Modi dedicated the National Atomic Timescale and Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravya (BND®)—CRMs to the nation. He also laid the foundation stone of National Environmental Standard Laboratory. He addressed the august gathering in the gracious presence of Honourable Union Minister of Science and Technology, Dr. Harsh Vardhan. Honourable Prime Minister inspired, motivated and appreciated the strides made by Indian Scientists for nation building, especially the role of CSIR-NPL and impact of metrology for self-reliant India. Honourable Minister, Dr. Harsh Vardhan, inaugurated the exclusively designed poster gallery, displaying accomplishments and importance of metrology in the CSIR-NPL campus and released a book entitled, “Metrology for Inclusive Growth of India”. Several of the world metrology leaders also presented their visions, in the NMC, on the role of metrology in societal and industrial growth through online virtual platform. The main emphasis was placed on the importance and impact of the metrology in the success of several initiatives of Government of India, namely ‘AtmaNirbhar Bharat’ (Self-Reliant India), ‘Make in India’, ‘Digital India’, ‘Skill India’, ‘Vocal for Local’, etc. During all these years, the journey of the CSIR-NPL has been wonderful, splendid and magnificent on several aspects of celebrations, pride, recognition, global visibility and its services for the national cause. It has achieved many milestones, developed technologies of national eminence, organised many memorable events, successfully participated in various national missions’ time to time and published considerable amount of literature for knowledge generation in the form of research papers, patents, copyrights, books, monographs, technical peers, Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) and study reports, etc. The successful journey of these glorious years though looks easy, simple, normal and customary but in actual sense, lot of pain staking efforts, huge work, vicissitudes are behind all these accomplishments. The glimpses of the journey of CSIR-NPL from its inception to recently held NMC and the excerpts of addresses made by the dignitaries are also summarized in detail in this article.

First Latin American and Caribbean interlaboratory comparison exercise for SSDLs on reference irradiation capabilities in personal dose equivalent

A comparison exercise of Latin American and Caribbean Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs) was jointly organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Ionizing Radiation Metrology Laboratory at the Federal University of Pernambuco (LMRI-DEN/UFPE). This exercise was organized during an IAEA regional meeting on the review and update of calibration capabilities in Latin America, held in Recife, during the period from 23 to 27 April 2018 under the technical cooperation project ME-RLA 9085-170572. Fifteen participating SSDLs were required to irradiate optically stimulated personal dosimeters in terms of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) in 137Cs radiation quality. In addition, the IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory in Seibersdorf, Austria, and the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington, Middlesex, UK participated in this exercise as reference institutes. Each participant received 10 dosimeters that were hand-carried directly to the SSDL. Two nominal dose values of 2 mSv and 4 mSv were selected for this exercise. The participants irradiated the dosimeters using the setup and the procedures which are normally used in their standard laboratory for Hp(10) dosimeter irradiations. The dosimeters were evaluated as they were received by the coordinating laboratory, using a single BeOSL Reader. The results show that, except for one laboratory, the differences between the dosimeter reading and the assigned values were within 10%; this is consistent with the expanded uncertainty. The results indicate that most of the participant laboratories have a good capability to irradiate personal dosimeters in the quantity Hp(10).

Novel Multiparametric Nomogram for Overall Survival Prediction in Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection: A Multicenter Study in China.

Background: Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) in the abdominal cavity or within an abdominal organ are numerous and frequent dangerous entities in the treatment of critically ill patients. Early clinical evaluation is necessary.Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included patients from 10 intensive care units (ICUs). Risk factors for the overall survival (OS) of patients with cIAI were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and a nomogram was constructed subsequently. Calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the calibration and discriminative ability.Results: In total, 544 patients diagnosed with cIAI were enrolled and divided into the study (n = 276) and validation (n = 268) sets. Sex, acute gastrointestinal injury, acute kidney injury, rare bacterium infection, Charlson score, and APACHE II score were identified as independent risk factors and were constructed for the nomogram. The nomogram showed marked calibration capability with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.909 and 0.831 in the study and validation set, respectively. Compared with the common clinical prognostic scoring system, the nomogram achieved the highest discrimination ability with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.91 and 0.83 in the study set and validation set, respectively.Conclusions: Our newly constructed nomogram provides a useful tool for risk stratification and prognosis evaluation of cIAI.

Reporting uncertainty for gas certified reference materials: balancing customer requirements with calibration and measurement capabilities

The effect of rounding when presenting the uncertainties associated with bespoke gas certified reference materials has been investigated. This has been examined in the context of wanting to provide the customer with as close a match as possible to what was originally contracted whilst needing to comply with the minimum uncertainties allowed by internationally agreed calibration and measurement capabilities under the International Committee for Weights and Measures’ Mutual Recognition Arrangement or other scopes of accreditation. The effect of rounding has, in relative terms, been shown to be large in some cases and this has prompted an investigation into improved methods to express more precisely values presented on certificates accompanying bespoke gas certified reference materials. This has included a new proposal to present relative, instead of absolute, uncertainties on certificates thereby matching exactly customer requirements. This Practitioner’s Report also demonstrates how considerations of customer and quality system requirements should be properly balanced and how internal review of technical procedures leads to continuous improvement.

Development of a self-calibration method for real-time monitoring of SO2 ship emissions with UV cameras.

Self-calibration of UV cameras was demonstrated for the first time. This novel method has the capability of real-time continuous calibration by using the raw images at 310 nm and 330 nm without changing the viewing direction or adding any additional equipment. The methodology was verified through simulations and experiments and demonstrated to be of greatly improved effectiveness and accuracy. The errors of self-calibration mothed are estimated by comparison with the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) approach, and it can be reduced to 1.8% after filter transmittance corrections. The results show that the self-calibration method appears to have great potential as a future technique for quantitative and visual real-time monitoring of SO2 emissions from ships and other point sources (such as oil refineries, power plants, or more broadly, any industrial stack) when the field of view (FOV) of the system is not completely covered by the SO2 plumes.

Uncertainty evaluation of the static expansion system and its long-term stability at NMIJ

A pressure standard based on the static expansion of gases has been made available at the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) for gauge calibrations in the range of 0.1 mPa–2 kPa over the past 30 years. The static expansion system (SES) generates calibration pressures by multiple-step gas expansions using two expansion ratios (R900≃907.3 and R50≃53.4). These expansion ratios were determined using the two reference gauges method instead of the one reference gauge method, which has been in use thus far. Relative uncertainties of 0.073% (k = 1) for R900 and 0.036% (k = 1) for R50 were obtained, and the calibration uncertainties were slightly improved compared to the current calibration and measurement capability (CMC) of the SES at NMIJ as follows:U = 0.28% (k = 2) (1 mPa–10 Pa) for spinning rotor gauges (SRGs).U = 0.23% (k = 2) (0.2 Pa–10 Pa) for capacitance diaphragm gauges (CDGs).U = 0.17% (k = 2) (10 Pa–110 Pa) for CDGs.In addition, the calibration results of the check standards of the past 12 years are reported. The data suggest that the SES was stable compared to the calibration uncertainty over the years.

State primary standard of gas volumetric and mass flow rate units GET 118-2017: history of creation, confirmation of calibration and measurement capabilities

The history of the creation of the State primary standard of gas volumetric and mass flow rate units GET 118-2017 is presented. The significant role of international comparisons was noted at various stages of the creation of GET 118-2017: the comparisons results confirmed and made it possible to include in the KCDB the calibration and measurement capabilities of the Russian Federation in the field of gas volumetric flow measurements, and also helped to determine the direction and list of measures to improve the standard. A patented comparison method for calibrating critical nozzles, implemented in GET 118-2017 for transfer the units of volumetric and mass flow rates of gas to working standards, is described. The design, composition and characteristics of GET 118-2017 are presented. Currently, more than 700 working standards of gas volumetric and mass flow rates used in the Russian Federation and some KOOMET member countries are traced to GET 118-2017, the total number of calls to GET 118-2017 for the transfer of measurement units exceeds 3500 per year.

Final report on SIM.L.K1.2007.1 bilateral comparison (length) 2018-2019: calibration of gauge blocks by optical interferometry

Main textThis bilateral SIM key comparison on calibration of gauge blocks by interferometry (SIM.L-K1.2007.1) was carried out between CENAM (México) and INTI (Argentina). Its scope is to support and maintain the claimed Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMC) by the participants, which regularly offer the service of gauge block calibration by optical interferometry. The comparison was held from first half of 2018 to second half of 2019, and involved the measurement of eleven steel gauge blocks-eight in the range of short gauge block and three in the range of long gauge block. The reference values for each nominal length were taken as the arithmetic mean. The results of both participants are in good agreement with the reference values for all the gauge blocks measured. This makes the present comparison exercise valid to provide evidence of the participants' competence. The results also provides evidence to support the CMC claims of the participants in gauge block calibration by optical interferometry and for those service that stems out of this key technique as required by the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Final report for supplementary comparison APMP.QM-S15: carbon dioxide in nitrogen at 1000 μmol/mol

Main textCarbon dioxide (CO2) in nitrogen was one of the first types of gas mixtures performed at an international key comparison. The comparison dates back to 1998 (CCQMK1a) [1]. Since then, many National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) have developed Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) for these mixtures. The international comparison of CO2 at ambient level through CCQM-K52 was compared in 2007 [2]. Recently, NMIs in the APMP region have focused on developing emission standards for regulating CO2 released by various powered vehicles such as automobiles (motor cars). At the 2017 APMP meeting, several NMIs requested a CO2/N2 comparison to establish their own standards related with automotive regulation, which was to be coordinated by KRISS. Consequently, this comparison provides a CMC for APMP regional NMIs to develop CO2/N2 CMC claim.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Final report for supplementary comparison APMP.QM-S9.2017: 100 μmol/mol of carbon monoxide in nitrogen

Main textCarbon monoxide (CO) in nitrogen was one of the first types of gas mixtures used in an international key comparison. This comparison dates back to 1998 (CCQM-K1a) [1]. Another key comparison on carbon monoxide is the CCQM-K51 at the lower amount fraction of 5 μmol/mol. Since then, many National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) have developed Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) for these mixtures. Recently, NMIs in the APMP region have actively participated in international comparisons to provide domestic services. At the 2017 APMP meeting, several NMIs requested a CO comparison to establish CO/N2 certification for supporting industrial needs, which was to be coordinated by KRISS. Consequently, this supplementary comparison provides an opportunity for APMP regional NMIs to meet their industrial needs. It is a replica of APMP.QM-S9.[2]To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

Force AFRIMETS supplementary comparison AFRIMETS.M.F-S2

Main textThe Regional Metrology Organization AFRIMETS Technical Committee in Mass and related Quantities (TCM) Working Group Force (WGF) met in July 2018 in Enugu Nigeria during the 12th General Assembly (GA) and made a decision to carry out an AFRIMETS supplementary comparison for the unit of force. This comparison, named the AFRIMETS.M. F-S2 supplementary comparison, in the force range of 250 kN and 500 kN. This comparison was planned to demonstrate the degree of equivalence between the national standards of force and to provide evidence for the Calibration and Measurement Capability (CMCs) claimed by the participating National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) in the AFRIMETS region, and particularly the who did not participate in the global CCM.F-K2 KC. The AFRIMETS TCM approved that KEBS of Kenya to serve as the pilot laboratory. and PTB of Germany to would be link laboratories. Although not part of the AFRIMETS region, PTB from EURAMET was invited to participate and provided the reference values while NMISA provided the transfer standards used during the comparison.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).