Phenoxymethylpenicillin Research Articles

Oral phenoxymethyl penicillin therapy in prophylaxis of recurrent rheumatic fever.

Prior to the advent of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents, streptococcal disease and its complications accounted for about 10% of deaths in the pediatric age group. Although this figure has been reduced to less than 1%, the most serious complication at present is that of acute rheumatic fever. It has been shown that this complication can be prevented by adequate treatment of the preceding streptococcal infection. 1,2 Bland and Jones 3 have demonstrated that recurrences of rheumatic fever or chorea are common and occur in approximately 20% of patients during the first five years after the initial episode of acute rheumatic fever. Although the mortality rate in the first episode of acute rheumatic fever is low, residual cardiac damage results in an appreciable mortality and morbidity in later years. 3-5 The severity of the cardiac damage is increased with each recurrence of acute rheumatic fever, and so prevention of recurrences is

Clinical study of oral phenoxymethyl penicillin and parenteral procaine penicillin G: comparative study of results in 1266 children.

The recent introduction to clinical medicine of phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) has for the first time provided a penicillin which is virtually insoluble and therefore stable in the pH range of gastric juice. In the alkaline media of the intestines this preparation is soluble and therefore readily absorbed. Reports indicate that orally administered phenoxymethyl penicillin produces blood concentrations considerably higher than a comparable dose of penicillin G. Following oral administration of phenoxymethyl twice as much penicillin is excreted in the urine in an active form as following oral administration of penicillin G. The activity of phenoxymethyl penicillin is similar to that of penicillin G. However, penicillin blood levels attained with the orally administered phenoxymethyl penicillin preparation are lower and less uniform than blood levels from equal doses of crystalline penicillin G given parenterally. 3 The blood levels attained with orally administered phenoxymethyl penicillin are superior to levels obtained from comparable

Oral penicillin for gonorrhoea; some experiences with phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) in white and Negro patients.

Oral penicillin for gonorrhoea; some experiences with phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) in white and Negro patients.

Penicillin-sensitive streptococcal endocarditis; report of four cases treated for two weeks with oral phenoxymethyl penicillin and intramuscular streptomycin.

Intramuscular injection of procaine penicillin every 6 hours and streptomycin every 12 hours for two weeks has become an accepted plan of therapy for subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by penicillin-sensitive streptococci. 1-4 Oral penicillin G has not been employed in this disease because of the relatively unpredictable blood levels associated with its administration. With the use of the recently developed phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V), higher blood levels are maintained because of its greater stability in acid gastric contents. 5-7 It has been used successfully in a wide variety of infections where the organisms are sensitive to penicillin. Because of the attendant decrease in discomfort to the patient when oral medication is substituted for intramuscular, it seemed desirable to determine whether oral phenoxymethyl penicillin could be employed in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis. Quinn 8 has reported four cases treated for six weeks with oral phenoxymethyl penicillin, either alone or in

Oral treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis with phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V).

THE current treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis requires the intramuscular administration of large amounts of penicillin. Although this route is generally well tolerated, pain and inflammation at local sites of injection can become a significant problem in the management of certain patients. Because of low and unpredictable serum levels attained after oral administration of penicillin G, effective oral therapy has not previously been available.Recent studies on phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) have suggested that this agent may represent a better means of oral administration. This compound is stable and relatively insoluble at pH ranges below 3.0. It is readily converted . . .

The typing of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage: its application in the study of the E. coli population of the intestinal tract of healthy calves and of calves suffering from white scours.

Summary: A bacteriophage method of classifying strains of Escherichia coli which inhabit the alimentary tract of cattle has been evolved. It was possible to divide the strains into a large number of types by this method. Varying proportions of strains isolated from the faeces of human beings, sheep, pigs and poultry were also typable by the phages employed. This method of phage typing was used to study the origin and behaviour of the E. coli population in the alimentary tract of healthy cows and calves, and of calves suffering from white scours, in one self-contained herd (herd A) and to a lesser extent in twenty-seven other herds. Several types of E. coli were often found in the same faecal specimen in cases of scouring, as well as in healthy calves. Seventy different phage types were found in the faeces of the healthy calves in herd A, many occurring infrequently. Thirty-two different types were discovered in the faeces of the scouring calves in this herd; only one strain of one type was found in scouring calves that was not found also in healthy calves. Two types were found commonly in the calves but rarely in the cows. The examination of strains of E. coli isolated from faeces of cows and calves at daily and weekly intervals indicated that some types usually remained dominant for a week or so and were then gradually succeeded in dominance by other types. In some animals frequent and sudden changes were apparent; in others one type might be the only type isolated from the faeces for a number of weeks continuously. Changes of dominant phage-type commonly occurred in faeces of calves during the time they were suffering from white scours. The mother did not appear to be a frequent source from which a calf acquired its E. coli; the calf pens themselves seemed a more probable source. Exceedingly large numbers of E. coli were found in the faeces of healthy and scouring calves during the first 14 days of life, a period when white scours occurs; very much smaller numbers were found in older animals. Studies on material from the twenty-seven other herds supported the findings in herd A; many phage types of E. coli were found in these herds that had not been found in herd A. The aetiology of calf scours is discussed in the light of these and other observations.

Oral Phenoxymethyl Penicillin in Acute Male Gonorrhoea

Oral Phenoxymethyl Penicillin in Acute Male Gonorrhoea

Penicillin V Treatment of Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections in Children

Introduction In this report we wish to present the results of the treatment with penicillin V (phenoxymethyl penicillin) of 110 cases of β-hemolytic streptococcal infections in children. This preparation, although discovered in this country in 1947 and used abroad clinically for several years, first became available for clinical trial in the United States in the spring of 1955. Unlike other penicillin salts, its aqueous solution is relatively stable in the acid secretion of the gastric juice. Consequently it passes through the stomach with little change and shows better absorption from the intestinal tract than is found in other preparations of penicillin. 1 Methods All cases were examined by one of us, and a throat culture which grew β-hemolytic streptococci was obtained prior to or at the onset of treatment. In a moderate number of children the culture was repeated within a few days of the beginning of therapy. At the

Studies on the rearing of calves weaned from milk between two and four weeks of age

To wean calves early and then feed them dry meal, hay and water is thought to have a number of advantages over more conventional methods of calf rearing. These advantages include: a considerable saving of milk or milk substitutes, an early build-up of the microbial population of the rumen (thus permitting the use of simple inexpensive foods), and the saving of labour concomitant with early weaning.Accordingly, a number of small experiments were set up to test the practicability of early weaning, the effect of different dry feeds and of a variety of types of flooring for calf pens.

Outdoor Individual Portable Pens Compared with Conventional Housing for Raising Dairy Calves

Summary Thirty-two new-born calves were divided equally and placed in individual outdoor portable pens or in a barn and exercise lot during a test covering 2 years. During the second year, half of the calves in each system of management were given inoculations with rumen fluid. The pen calves were placed on a site which was clean the first year and slightly contaminated by older animals the second year. Despite temperatures as low as 9° F., the calves in the portable pens made significantly greater weight gains both years and had fewer coccidia and worm parasites and less diarrhea than the barn calves. All calves in the barn had respiratory troubles, but only one calf in the pens had this trouble. One barn calf died from pneumonia following an attack by E. zurnii, a pathogenic coccidian. The growth response of calves that were fed rumen fluid did not differ significantly from that of uninoculated calves. When placed together on pasture at the age of 5 or 6 months, the portable pen calves showed no more susceptibility to coccidia and worm parasites than the calves from the barn and continued to maintain their superior weights.