Calendula Oil Research Articles

Calendula Oil Associated Dexibuprofen Nanoformulation Transdermal Patches: Formulation and Characterization

Objectives: To prepare and characterize the nanoparticle-based topical formulations of dexibuprofen in combination with calendula oil to enhance the topical anti-inflammatory effect. Methods: Chitosan and tri poly phosphate (TPP) were used to prepare nanoparticles developed utilizing the ionotropic gelation technique and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the ZS. Solvent casting was used to prepare the transdermal medication delivery system for the chitosan nanoparticle formulation. Results: Results revealed that nanoparticles were between the sizes of 267.3 nm. This particle size may enhance the drug’s solubility and penetration through the skin. These patches containing chitosan nanoparticles were produced utilizing polymer combinations - HPMC, chitosan, and PEG400 with tween80 as plasticizers. Accompanying the rise in hydrophilic polymer content came an increase in the rate of medication release via the patch. Conclusion: Transdermal patch - F3 released the drug reasonably well.

EXPLORING THE PHOTOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS L. ESSENTIAL OIL IN SKINCARE

The study investigated the potential of Calendula officinalis L. essential oil in skincare formulations with sun protection properties. A comprehensive methodology encompassed extraction, characterization, formulation, and evaluation of the oil’s efficacy. Physicochemical parameters assessment indicated favorable results, with GC-MS analysis identifying twenty-two compounds, notably 1,8 cineole and α-pinene, with antioxidant properties suggesting UVB protection. Formulation of stable oil-in-water creams containing 1-5% Calendula oil exhibited no phase separation and maintained viscosity, highlighting robust physical stability. In vitro SPF testing demonstrated significant sun protection activity, particularly in formulations with higher oil concentrations. The study supports Calendula-based formulations as promising natural alternatives for sun protection in cosmetics, offering a sustainable approach without synthetic additives.

FORMULATION AND TESTING OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY COMBINATION OF CALENDULA OIL AND SWEET ORANGE OIL WITH DPPH METHOD

Indonesia has many natural ingredients that can be used as primary ingredients for medicines with antioxidant effects. Calendula oil and sweet orange oil have the potential to be antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the stability of cream preparations based on stability test parameters and to determine antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. This study was conducted because the combination of calendula oil and sweet orange oil was tested for antioxidant activity and then formulated in cream dosage forms with ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. Antioxidant activity tests were carried out using a combination of calendula oil and sweet orange oil and a cream preparation of a combination of calendula oil and sweet orange oil, which was tested for stability using the cycling test method. Based on the results of the study, the combination of calendula oil and sweet orange oil in a ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 had weak antioxidant activity, as can be seen from the IC50 value of 170.02 ppm, 150.43 ppm, whereas in a 2:1 ratio, it had moderate antioxidant activity because the IC50 value was 143.89 ppm. In the combination cream preparations of calendula oil and sweet orange oil, ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 had weak antioxidant activity. It can be seen from the IC50 value of each preparation, which was 188.85 ppm, 170.01 ppm, and 189.61 ppm. Keywords: Calendula Oil, Sweet Orange Oil, Antioxidant, Cream, DPPH

Utilization of nanotechnology and experimental design in the development and optimization of a posaconazole‒calendula oil nanoemulgel for the treatment of mouth disorders.

Introduction: Essential oil‒based nanoemulsions (NEs) are the subjects of extensive investigation due to their potential to address a variety of oral health issues. NEs are delivery systems that improve lipid medicine solubility and distribution to intended sites. The goal of the current study was to create and enhance a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery paradigm based on calendula oil (CO) and decorated with chitosan (CS) that could deliver posaconazole (PSZ) for the treatment of gingivitis. Method: Employing a response-surface Box‒Behnken design, PSZ-CO-CS NEs were created with varying amounts of PSZ (10, 15, and 20mg), percentages of CO (6%, 12%, and 18%), and percentages of CS (0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5%). Results and conclusion: The optimized formulation resulted in a 22-mm bacterial growth suppression zone, 25-mm fungal growth inhibition zone, droplet sizes of 110nm, and a viscosity of 750 centipoise (cP). Using the appropriate design, the ideal formulation was produced; it contained 20mg of PSZ, 18% of CO, and 1.35% of CS. Furthermore, the optimal formulation had a more controlled drug release, larger inhibition zones of bacterial and fungal growth, and desirable rheologic properties. Additionally, the optimized formulation substantially lowered the ulcer index in rats when tested against other formulations. Thus, this investigation showed that PSZ-CO-CS NEs could provide efficient protection against microbially induced gingivitis.

Evaluation of Microbial Adherence on Antibacterial Suture Materials during Intraoral Wound Healing: A Prospective Comparative Study.

To assess the efficacy of antiseptic-coated silk sutures with triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 suture in reducing bacterial colonization after oral surgical procedures. The patients who required multiple sutures after surgical procedures in the mandible were the study subjects. The sites of suturing were divided into three groups. Group A - surgical site receiving black-braided silk suture (control group). Group B - surgical site receiving triclosan-coated Polyglactin 910 suture (experimental group). Group C - surgical site receiving antiseptic-coated silk suture (experimental group). Evaluation was done on the 3rd postoperative and 7th postoperative day. Microbial adherence was evaluated by microbiological study. The mean comparison of microbial count between 3rd and 7th post-op day in the three groups shows an increased microbial colonization in the control group when compared with the experimental groups. The combined mean microbial adherence in the three groups showed microbial count in the uncoated silk suture (group A) as 10.35 ± 3.74, triclosan-coated suture (group B) as 6.28 ± 2.17 and iodoform + calendula oil-coated suture (group C) as 7.1 ± 2.02 which is statistically significant (p < 0.05). The present research concluded that the pomade-coated silk suture is as efficient as triclosan-coated VICRYL PLUS Polyglactin 910 sutures in reducing the bacterial colonization in intraoral wound healing. The pomade (iodoform + calendula oil) may be advocated in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery for impregnating the suture materials which act as an antiseptic agent and a promoter of wound healing which is easily accessible and also cost-effective.

A Review on Preparation of Calendula Oil

Calendula officinalis (calendula), belonging to the family Asteraceae, commonly known as English Marigold or Pot marigold. It is widely cultivated &amp; can be grown in sunny locations. It is an annual or biennial plant attending a height of 30-60cm. It is a herb which is used in Traditional system of medicine for treating Wounds, Ulcers, scars, hair damage, Eczema, Diaper Rash, and Other Skin Conditions, it is mainly used because of its various biological activities to treat diseases as analgesic, antidiabetic ,antiulcers &amp; antiinflammmatory it is also used for gastrointestinal diseases, gynecological problems , eye diseases, skin injuries &amp; some cases of burns. An infusion or tincture of the flower taken internally is beneficial in the treatment of infections &amp; diarrhea. An infusion of calendula officinalis may also be used to treat eye inflammation, boils &amp; abscesses, eczema. This plant is reach in many pharmaceutical active ingredients like carotenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids &amp; sterols quinies, volatile oil &amp; amino acids. Calendula oil is a powerful medicinal oil extracted from the petals of a common species of marigold. By using oil infusion, maceration method calendula oil is extracted, prepared &amp; evaluated. In this review a detailed account of methods of preparation of calendula oil and their medicinal properties have been addressed.

Effects of Essential Oils on Scars and Wound Healing: A Systematic Review.

Essential oils (EOs) have been considered as a potential alternative therapy for wound healing and scar reduction. The aim of this article was to provide a comprehensive review examining the effects of EOs on wound healing and scars. PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, and Embase computerized searches were performed through June 2020. Two independent reviewers conducted data extraction, with search results reviewed by the senior author following the PRISMA protocol. Three manuscripts examining three different EO-containing topical agents were analyzed. Outcomes include healing rate, erythema, pain, pruritus, patient discomfort, physician satisfaction, percent wound reduction, wound/scar surface perimeter area, and qualitative dermatological evaluation. All articles concluded that the EO-containing topical agents resulted in either superior or noninferior outcomes in comparison with controls. Hypericum-Calendula oil obtained lower wound surface perimeter area. Erythema (p = 0.001) was significantly decreased by the peppermint EO-containing topical agent. Physicians also reported greater satisfaction (p < 0.001) in wound appearance with use of the peppermint EO-containing topical agent. A paucity of studies have examined EO use for wound healing and scar reduction. Treatment with EO-containing topical agents resulted in decreased erythema with increased physician satisfaction of wound appearance. Future studies should assess what level of purity is needed for improved results and which EO, or combination of EOs, is most beneficial.

A Review of Calendula OfficinalisMagic in Science

Calendula officinalis (Calendula), a member of the Asteraceae family, is often known as English Marigold or Pot Marigold. Marigold is a fragrant herb that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Calendula species have been highlighted in order to better understand their diverse biological activities and modes of action. Carotenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and sterols, quinines, volatile oil, and amino acids are all found in abundance in this plant. Calendula oil is still used as an anti-tumour agent in medicine, which is also a wound healing agent. Among herbal medicines, calendula suspension or tincture is used to treat acne locally, reduce inflammation, control bleeding and soothe irritated tissues. This Calendula plant's extract, a pure chemical extracted from it, have been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, anti-oxidant activity, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity, anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and antiviral activity, wound healing and immunostimulant activity. Anti-cytotoxic, hepato-protective, spasmolytic properties and also impacts on exhibiting increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha and Interferons (IFN)-gamma and acute phase protein, C-reactive protein. C.officinalis may have an important future impact on the development of new cancer treatment strategies, and until now it has been specifically used to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy. This review looked at the organoleptic, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological activities, as well as the description, cultivation, and active chemical constituents of Calendula officinalis, in order to fill in the gaps in current knowledge about this plant and to highlight its potential applications as a medicinal agent.

Review on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of plant Calendula officinalis Linn

Calendula officinalis, a member of the Asteraceae family and also called as Pot Marigold, is a fragrant herb used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to cure injuries, sores, herpes, scar tissues, skin problems, frost-bite, and blood purifying. It is primarily used for the treatment due to its numerous pharmacological properties such as analgesic, anti–hyperglycaemic, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory. It is also used to cure gastro-intestinal issues, obstetric issues, eye problems, skin wounds, and some instances of burns. Calendula oil is still being used therapeutically as an anti-cancer agent and a tissue repair cure. Calendula extracts have antiviral and anti-mutagenic activities in-vitro, according to plant pharmacological studies. Calendula in suspension or liquid form is being used topically in herbal remedies to treat skin conditions like acne, reduce swelling, regulate bleeding, and soothe irritated tissue. Internal use of an admixture or tincture of the flower petals is effective for the treatment of yeast infections and indigestion. Calendula officinalis infusion can also be used to cure insect bites, eye inflammatory disorders, boils and carbuncles, varicosities, dermatitis, and as a rinse for oral sores or tooth pain. Phytochemical screening has revealed the existence of several groups of compounds, the most important of which are triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids, and amino acids. This review investigated the sensory attributes, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological properties, as well as the explanation, agricultural production, and active compounds of Calendula officinalis, in terms of enhancing the current knowledge on this plant and illustrate its multiactivity characteristics as a therapeutic plant.

The Effectiveness Of Giving Calendula Oil On Wound Healing In White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Research Background : In the process of childbirth, there is often a tear in the birth canal, especially in the perineum, which is known as a ruptured perineum. Some herbal ingredients that are thought to be healing wounds are nyamplung seed oil/tamanu oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.), red ginger oil (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) and marigold flower oil/calendula oil (Calendula officinalis). Calendula ointment has the benefit of healing episiotomy wounds faster than the use of povidone iodine.Research Objective: To determine the effectiveness of giving calendula oil herbal ingredients to wound healing in female white rats.Research Methods: Laboratory experimental research using a completely randomized design using the Post Test Only Control Group Design pattern. The population in this study were female white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The sample selection was used by simple random sampling. Univariate analysis of wound healing was performed to obtain the mean ± SD and bivariate analysis using one-way ANOVA using computer software.The results of the study: The results of statistical tests showed that the One way Anova test obtained p value = 0.000 with a value of = 0.05 (p &lt; ) where the administration of Calendula Oil on white rat wounds was more effective than without treatment.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that giving calendula oil to female white rats is effective in healing wounds.

Novel levan/bentonite/essential oil films: characterization and antimicrobial activity.

Paenibacillus polymyxa is a microorganism used for the production of carbohydrate biopolymer levan in this work. Film samples were prepared with different contents of levan/bentonite. Film samples were evaluated for thickness, water vapor permeability, tensile strength and elongation properties. The most suitable film composite was chosen to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial properties were determined on different microorganisms by adding calendula oil, citronella oil, lemon oil, tamanu oil, peppermint (medical peppermint) oil in varying amounts to the film samples. The highest activity of levan/bentonite/oil composite film on microorganisms was measured with a diameter of 40mm on Candida albicans in the composition of 0.5mL of film content +1.5mL of peppermint (medical peppermint) oil. This high antimicrobial activity film composite was characterized by TGA and SEM. It was made with levan/bentonite and peppermint oil, and the determination of antimicrobial effects of this film composite was reported for the first time. The bio-degradable film obtained has a high potential for use in different areas, especially in food packaging.

Effectiveness of calendula oil application on LSCS wound healing among mothers who has undergone LSCS

A study to assess the effectiveness of calendula oil application on LSCS wound healing among mothers who has undergone LSCS in selected hospitals. Background: Pregnancy and child birth are special events in an exceedingly woman's lives. Objectives: 1. To assess the status of LSCS wound among the post natal mothers. 2. To assess the effectiveness of calendula oil application for LSCS wound among postnatal mothers. Methodology-Quasi M an experimental two group pre-test post-test design was directed to assess effect of calendula oil on LSCS wound healing in selected tertiary care hospitals. Total 50 samples were selected by non-probability purposive sampling method. A standardized REEDA SCALE was used to assess the effect of calendula oil application on LSCS wound. The study adopted “widenbachs prescriptive theory” as a theoretical base for framework of the study. Analysis was done using frequency and percentage distribution and z test.

Evaluation of a Preventive Effect of a Lotion on the Formation of Stretch Marks. Quantification of Contractile Forces Developed by Fibroblasts from Early Stretch Marks (Red Color) and from Healthy Surrounding Skin Using GlasBox&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;Plus&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; Device

Stretch marks are cutaneous lesions occurring frequently in weight gain during puberty and early adult life. Previous studies showed that highest contractile forces were developed by fibroblasts from early stretch marks (SMF) compared to those developed by fibroblasts from normal healthy skin (HF) of the same patient. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a possible preventive effect of a topical preparation (containing vitamins C and E and botanical extracts including natural extract of Calendula, Aloe Vera and Evening Primrose Oil) on the formation of stretch marks using GlasboxPlus® device. In the presence of the tested mixture, a significant overall decrease in contractile forces of SMF was noted for 24 hours of measurements compared to control SMF and made it possible to restore their capacity to the same level as HF indicating a possible preventive effect of the tested mixture. The synergistic effects of these components are certainly responsible for the decrease in contractile forces of early stretch marks fibroblasts.

In Vitro efficacy of antimicrobial extracts against the atypical ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri

BackgroundMycoplasmosis is a common infection in human and veterinary medicine, and is associated with chronic inflammation and high morbidity. Mycoplasma species are often intrinsically resistant to many conventional antimicrobial therapies, and the resistance patterns of pathogenic mycoplasmas to commonly used medicinal (antimicrobial) plant extracts are currently unknown.MethodsAqueous extracts, ethanol extracts, or oils of the targeted plant species and colloidal silver were prepared or purchased. Activity against the wall-less bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri was determined and compared to activities measured against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assays. The lethal or inhibitory nature of each extract was determined by subculture into neat growth medium.ResultsGrowth of M. mycoides capri, E. coli, and B. subtilis was inhibited by elderberry extract, oregano oil, ethanol extract of oregano leaves, and ethanol extract of goldenseal root. No inhibition was seen with aqueous extract of astragalus or calendula oil. Growth of M. mycoides capri and B. subtilis was inhibited by ethanol extract of astragalus, whereas growth of E. coli was not. Similarly, M. mycoides capri and E. coli were inhibited by aqueous extract of thyme, but B. subtilis was unaffected. Only B. subtilis was inhibited by colloidal silver. Measured MICs ranged from 0.0003 mg/mL to 3.8 mg/mL. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects differed by species and extract.ConclusionsThe atypical pathogen M. mycoides capri was sensitive to extracts from many medicinal plants commonly used as antimicrobials in states of preparation and concentrations currently available for purchase in the United States and Europe. Variation in bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities between species and extracts indicates that multiple effecter compounds are present in these plant species.

CONSEQUENCE OF CALENDULA OIL ON THE IN- VITRO PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM

Terpenes are widely used as penetration enhancers in transdermal drug delivery system. Calendula oil also contains different terpenes. The enhancing effect of calendula oil on the in- vitro percutaneous absorption of diclofenac sodium (DFS) from carbopol gels containing propylene glycol was investigated. Permeation experiments were performed on artificial skin membrane. The permeation effect of calendula oil on DFS is compared with geraniol and menthol (mild accelerants) . The enhancing effect of calendula oil was found to be more as compared with geraniol and menthol. However, although the addition of calendula oil increased DFS flux; diffusional lag times were longer than for the control gel

Assessment of physical stability and photoprotective activity of topical formulations added with calendula oil

In the present work, the changes on physical properties (pH, viscosity, flow index and tixotropy) of topical formulations were evaluated following addition of calendula oil containing flavonoids. Also the photo- protective effect of these topical formulations were eval- uated against ultra violet rays (UVR) induced sunburn in terms of sun protection factor (SPF). Formulation added with sun flower oil was used to compare the physical stability and photoprotective activity. Formulations added with calen- dula oil exhibited an average pH 7.2 and pseudoplastic behavior. The tixotropy values for formulations F3 and F4, after addition with calendula oil were found to be statistically decreased when compared with FS and Fb. The rheological parameters were constant during the study and the rheograms exhibited no sign of instability when studied at 4°, 27° and 40°C on different days of storage. The F3 and F4 samples showed statistically higher SPF (14 and 15 respectively) when compared with Fb(withoutactivesunscreeningagent).ThehighestSPFvalue 16 was recorded for FS (control formulation added with sun flower oil) while Fb showedlowest SPF vale5. We concluded that F3, F4 and FS showed higher SPF and physical stability. This study of physical stability and photoprotectice activity of topical formulation can help in the development of sunscreen formulation.

Assessment of In Vitro Sun Protection Factor of Calendula Officinalis L. (Asteraceae) Essential Oil Formulation

The present study was undertaken to study the sunscreen activity of herbal formulation. There is no evidence of the sun protection factor (SPF) studies on essential oil of Calendula flowers (Calendula officinalis L., Asteraceae). The study investigates the in vitro SPF by ultraviolet specrtophotometry method of Calendula flower oil in a cream formulation. Calendula oil was isolated by Clavenger's apparatus, compositions were identified by GC–MS and the cream of calendula flower oil was prepared by homogenization method followed by evaluation for physical parameters. The sun protection factor of cream was evaluated by in vitro method employing UV–visible spectrophotometer (Shimazdu-1600). The SPF of Calendula oil in cream formulation exhibited good activity (SPF = 14.84 ± 0.16). Finding of this study suggested that calendula oil cream can be used to protect the skin from UV radiations in form of sunscreen cream and to maintain the natural pigmentation of the skin.

Development of Calendula Oil/Chitosan Microcapsules and their Biological Safety Evaluation

Chitosan microcapsules containing calendula oil are prepared by a simple coacervation method. The results show that the performance of the microcapsules, including encapsulation efficiency and particle size, is affected by the change of various processing parameters of microcapsule manufacture. Under the optimal parameter combinations: the chitosan concentration is 1.5 % w/v; the core/wall ratio is 0.1 g mL–1; the stirring speed is 1200 rpm; and the pH value is 10. The compositions and surface morphology of the microcapsules are examined using scanning electron microscope and FTIR spectroscopy. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation demonstrates that the microcapsules exhibit no significant cytotoxic effects on human keratinocytes. The in vivo toxicology analysis on mice proves that the microcapsules do not exert any significant necrosis to the liver. It is suggested that our microcapsules could be used as a safe drug carrier both topically and orally.

Esters of maleinized fatty compounds as plasticizers

AbstractSome plant oil derived cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid triesters were synthesized and suggested as potential plasticizers based mainly on renewable feedstock. Methyl calendulate 1 and α‐eleostearate 2 obtained from calendula oil and tung oil, respectively, as well as methyl oleate 3 were used as starting material. Reactions with maleic anhydride gave the corresponding Diels–Alder adducts 4 and 5 and ene adduct 6, which were converted by ring‐opening reactions with various alcohols to the respective tricarboxylic acid triesters. Especially the cyclohexane tricarboxylic trimethyl triester 9 derived from Diels–Alder adduct 5 showed excellent absorption properties by PVC, superior to bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Moreover, the commercially available Diels–Alder adduct of CLA 7 (Admergin acid®) was ring‐opened with methanol showing an absorption by PVC that was still higher compared to triester 9 although the viscosity was significantly higher.

FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF O/W SUNSCREEN CREAM CONTAINING HERBAL OIL AS DISPERSED PHASE

Free radical scavenging activity of O/W sunscreen cream using calendula oil was measured using DPPH method, Nitric oxide method and H2O2 assay method. For this, Flowers of calendula were collected for oil extraction. Calendula oil in concentration ranging 1-5% was used as dispersed phase in O/W sunscreen cream. The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated for equally diluted samples and the activity was found in concentration dependent manner by all three adopted methods. The sunscreen activities of cream formulations may be related to the free radical scavenging properties of flavonoid compounds in the oil phase incorporated in it. Calendula oil is one of the well-known drugs for its therapeutic potential in traditional system of medicine. In the present study, the O/W cream was screened for its free radical scavenging activity. All the formulations especially F5 showed good anti-oxidant activity. The comparisons were made with marketed formulation FS. The IC50 value by DPPH methods for diluted cream samples was 0.24±0.02 whereas by NO method, it was 0.38±0.014. When measured by H2O2 method, it was found to be 0.45 ± 0.03. All the formulations were stable and it was concluded that calendula oil sunscreen cream diluted formulation F55 is very pronounced antioxidant activity.