Calendar Age Research Articles

Suppressing Interfacial Side Reactions of Anode-Free Lithium Batteries by an Organic Salt Monolayer.

Anode-free lithium (Li) batteries are attractive owing to their high energy density. However, Li loss by forming solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) during cell activation leads to a ≈25% capacity decrease, and the capacity constantly fades upon cycling due to the side reactions on the copper (Cu) current collector. This paper reports high-initial-efficiency, long-cycle-life, and long-calendar-life anode-free Li batteries by using an organic Li salt monolayer bonded on Cu. The functional salt, namely lithium ((4-carbamoylphenyl)sulfonyl)(fluorosulfonyl)imide, electrochemically decomposes and passivates the Cu surface, which reduces Li sacrifice by SEI formation and suppresses galvanic Li corrosion and Li-electrolyte reactions during cycling. This work records a LiF-rich interphase on Cu and guided Li nucleation and growth. A 93.6% initial Li deposition efficiency is realized in a regular carbonate electrolyte, and the galvanic current is decreased to ≈40 nA cm-2 , merely one-tenth of bare Cu. After cell activation, 95.2% capacity is retained for a Cu|LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 pouch cell with a theoretical capacity of 200 mAh, and the cell is operated over 600 cycles. Calendar aging showed no damage to cell performance.

Carbon Isotope Investigation of Freshwater Tufa Precipitation in Karst Streams of Bükk Mountains (Hungary)

Recent freshwater tufa precipitation and its parent water were investigated at Szalajka valley, Sebesvíz and Dobrica Spring (Bükk Mts., Hungary). The aim of the study is to analyse the carbon isotope dynamics of freshwater tufa precipitated in karstic streams between the spring water and the first significant tufa barrage using field measurements, water chemistry, and carbon isotope analysis. A further aim was to examine the fossil tufa precipitations in recently active areas and their neighbourhood to determine their age using the 14C method. Based on the 3H content the water samples are relatively young (<10 y). To calibrate the calendar age of older tufas, dead carbon proportion (dcp) were determined in the recently formed freshwater tufas. The lowest dcp of the recent freshwater tufas was estimated at Sebesvíz (9.6±1.3%), the highest at Szalajka (16.4±2.4%) and a moderate value at Dobrica Spring (13.8±2.2%). Due to the rapid decrease in atmospheric 14C level we have to compensate the atmospheric 14C drop between the water infiltration time and the deposition time of fresh carbonates to compensate the bomb-effect. The oldest fossil tufa age (BC 6421-6096) was found at Sebesvíz located around 20 metres away from the riverbed, while the youngest fossil tufa ages (a few years/decades old) were found in the recently active area at all sites.

Atmospheric radiocarbon levels were highly variable during the last deglaciation

Radiocarbon dating provides a key chronological framework for studying past environmental changes. Raw radiocarbon ages measured in samples must be converted to calendar ages using an appropriate calibration curve. Tree-ring datasets provide the gold-standard for developing a precise curve of atmospheric radiocarbon levels over long-time scales. Here, we reconstruct atmospheric radiocarbon levels using a millennium-long section of tree-ring chronology segments that extend into the last glacial period. The samples were obtained from subfossil larch trees recovered from clay quarries at Revine, Italy. Our reconstruction shows higher variations in the amplitude of atmospheric radiocarbon between 18,475 and 17,350 calendar years before the present than that detected in the IntCal20 calibration curve. Comparing the new tree-ring based reconstruction with Beryllium-10 fluxes derived from ice cores, we hypothesise that these variations are driven by solar variability. Our results demonstrate the unique value of sub-decadal radiocarbon sequences derived from glacial tree-ring chronologies.

A biomarker discovery framework for childhood anxiety.

Anxiety is the most common manifestation of psychopathology in youth, negatively affecting academic, social, and adaptive functioning and increasing risk for mental health problems into adulthood. Anxiety disorders are diagnosed only after clinical symptoms emerge, potentially missing opportunities to intervene during critical early prodromal periods. In this study, we used a new empirical approach to extracting nonlinear features of the electroencephalogram (EEG), with the goal of discovering differences in brain electrodynamics that distinguish children with anxiety disorders from healthy children. Additionally, we examined whether this approach could distinguish children with externalizing disorders from healthy children and children with anxiety. We used a novel supervised tensor factorization method to extract latent factors from repeated multifrequency nonlinear EEG measures in a longitudinal sample of children assessed in infancy and at ages 3, 5, and 7 years of age. We first examined the validity of this method by showing that calendar age is highly correlated with latent EEG complexity factors (r = 0.77). We then computed latent factors separately for distinguishing children with anxiety disorders from healthy controls using a 5-fold cross validation scheme and similarly for distinguishing children with externalizing disorders from healthy controls. We found that latent factors derived from EEG recordings at age 7 years were required to distinguish children with an anxiety disorder from healthy controls; recordings from infancy, 3 years, or 5 years alone were insufficient. However, recordings from two (5, 7 years) or three (3, 5, 7 years) recordings gave much better results than 7 year recordings alone. Externalizing disorders could be detected using 3- and 5 years EEG data, also giving better results with two or three recordings than any single snapshot. Further, sex assigned at birth was an important covariate that improved accuracy for both disorder groups, and birthweight as a covariate modestly improved accuracy for externalizing disorders. Recordings from infant EEG did not contribute to the classification accuracy for either anxiety or externalizing disorders. This study suggests that latent factors extracted from EEG recordings in childhood are promising candidate biomarkers for anxiety and for externalizing disorders if chosen at appropriate ages.

Electricity price arbitrage in utility-scale PV-plus-battery systems

In this paper, we use MHOGA software for the optimization of an AC-coupled utility-scale PV-plus-battery system. Batteries are used for price arbitrage, being charged with the photovoltaic (PV) generation during hours of low electricity price and discharged during hours of high price. The correct estimation of the battery lifetime has great importance in the calculation of the net present value, to do this advanced models for estimating the Li-ion battery lifetime (considering cycle and calendar ageing) are used. With present components costs, considering the Spanish SPOT price of 2021 with an expected increase of 1% annual, the AC coupled utility-scale PV-plusbattery isn’t economically viable comparing to the PV-only system. If electricity hourly price was multiplied by two, in certain cases adding battery to the PV system would be profitable.

Trends in the Incidence of End-Stage Kidney Disease in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Australia, 2010-2019

Trends in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) among people with diabetes may inform clinical management and public health strategies. We estimated trends inthe incidence of ESKD among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Australia from 2010-2019 and evaluated their associated factors. Cohort study. 71,700 people with type 1 and 1,112,690 people with type 2 diabetes registered on the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS). We estimated the incidence of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) via linkage to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) and the incidence of KRT or death from ESKD by linking the NDSS to the ANZDATA and the National Death Index for Australia. Calendar time, sex, age, and duration of diabetes. Incidence of KRT and KRT or death from ESKD. Incidence of ESKD, trendsover time, and associations with factors related to these trends were modeled using Poisson regression stratified by diabetes type and sex. The median duration of diabetes increased from 15.3 to 16.8 years in type 1 diabetes, and from 7.6 to 10.2 years in type 2 diabetes between 2010 and 2019. The incidence of KRT and KRT or death from ESKD did not significantly change over this time interval among people with type 1 diabetes. Conversely, the age-adjusted incidence of KRT and KRT or death from ESKD increased among males with type 2 diabetes (annual percent changes [APCs]: 2.52% [95% CI, 1.54 to -3.52] and 1.27% [95% CI, 0.53 2.03], respectively), with no significant change among females (0.67% [95% CI,-0.68 to 2.04] and 0.07% [95% CI,-0.81 to 0.96], respectively). After further adjustment for duration of diabetes, the incidence of ESKD fell between 2010 and 2019, with APCs of-0.09% (95% CI,-1.06 to 0.89) and-2.63% (95% CI,-3.96 to-1.27) for KRT and-0.97% (95% CI,-1.71 to-0.23) and-2.75% (95% CI,-3.62 to-1.87) for KRT or death from ESKD among males and females, respectively. NDSS only captures 80%-90% of people with diabetes; lack of clinical covariates limits understanding of trends. While the age-adjusted incidence of ESKD increased for males and was stable for females over the last decade, after adjusting for increases in duration of diabetes the risk of developing ESKD has decreased for both males and females. Previous studies showed an increase in new cases of kidney failure among people with type 2 diabetes, but more recent data have not been available. Here, we report trends in the rate of kidney failure for people with type 2 diabetes from 2010 to 2019 and showed that while more people with type 2 diabetes are developing kidney failure, accounting for the fact that they are also surviving longer (and therefore have a higher chance of kidney failure) the growth in this population is not caused by a higher risk of kidney failure. Nevertheless, more people are getting kidney failure than before, which will impact health care systems for years to come.

Assessing Electrolyte Fluorination Impact on Calendar Aging of Blended Silicon-Graphite Lithium-Ion Cells Using Potentiostatic Holds

Silicon-based lithium-ion batteries have started to meet cycle life metrics, but they exhibit poor calendar life. Here, electrolyte fluorination impact on calendar fade of blended silicon-graphite anodes is explored using a LiPF6 in EC:EMC:FEC electrolyte vs LiBOB in EC:EMC electrolyte. We utilize a combined experimental-modeling approach applying potentiostatic voltage holds (V-hold) to evaluate electrolyte suitability for calendar life in a shortened testing timeframe (∼2 months). Our theoretical framework deconvolutes the irreversible parasitic capacity losses (lithium lost to the solid electrolyte interphase) from the V-hold electrochemical data. Unfluorinated electrolyte (dominant LiBOB reduction) exhibits higher cell resistance as compared to fluorinated electrolyte (dominant FEC reduction). Both systems have similar irreversible capacities during the voltage hold duration with slower rate of parasitic capacity loss for the LiBOB system. Extrapolation of the parasitic losses to end of life capacity fade of 20% shows LiBOB electrolyte outperforming LiPF6 electrolyte in calendar life. The results demonstrate the applicability of the V-hold protocol as a rapid material screening tool providing semi-quantitative calendar lifetime estimates.

Aging Property of Halide Solid Electrolyte at the Cathode Interface.

Halide solid electrolytes have recently emerged as a promising option for cathode-compatible catholytes in solid-state batteries (SSBs), owing to their superior oxidation stability at high voltage and their interfacial stability. However, their day- to month-scale aging at the cathode interface has remained unexplored until now, while its elucidation is indispensable for practical deployment. Herein, the stability of halide solid electrolytes (e.g., Li3 InCl6 ) when used with conventional layered oxide cathodes during extended calendar aging is investigated. It is found that, contrary to their well-known oxidation stability, halide solid electrolytes can be vulnerable to reductive side reactions with oxide cathodes (e.g., LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 ) in the long term. More importantly, the calendar aging at a low state of charge or as-fabricated state causes more significant degradation than at a high state of charge, in contrast to typical lithium-ion batteries, which are more susceptible to high-state-of-charge calendar aging. This unique characteristic of halide-based SSBs is related to the reduction propensity of metal ions in halide solid electrolytes and correlated to the formation of an interphase due to the reductive decomposition triggered by the oxide cathode in a lithiated state. This understanding of the long-term aging properties provides new guidelines for the development of cathode-compatible halide solid electrolytes.

Gender differences in aging rates among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective — evaluate gender differences in aging rates among patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and their relationship with cardiometabolic disorders.
 Materials and methods. Examinations involved 94 patients with NAFLD with the mean age of 49.5 [41.5;57.9] years. All patients were divided into groups depending on gender: group 1 consisted of men (n=35, 37.2%), group 2 consisted of women (n=59, 62.8%). Groups 1 and 2 were comparable in age (p >0.05) — 45.8 [39.4; 54.5] years versus 52.9 [43.0; 59.0] years, respectively. Anthropometric indicators, calculated indices and body composition were determined for all patients using the OMRON BF511 Body Composition Monitor. Biological age (BA), aging rates, total mortality risk over the next 10 years (MR) and level of global methylation of DNA (GMD) were determined as indicators of aging. Assessment of BA, rates of aging and MR was carried out according to the DNAm PhenoAge calculation method (M. E. Levine, 2018). The level of GMD was assessed in the DNA of blood mononuclear cells by the immunoenzymatic method.
 Results. Women had significantly higher levels of body mass index (BMI) (p=0.034), hip circumference (HC) (p=0.016), percentage of total body fat (TBF) (p=0.0001), weight‑adjusted‑waist index (WWI) (p=0.003), high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‑C) levels (p=0.0001) and significantly lower levels of waist‑to‑hip ratio (WtHR) (p=0.030), percent skeletal muscles (SM) (p=0.0001), creatinine (p=0.0001), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p=0.011), uric acid (p=0.001). Women were more likely to have abdominal obesity (p=0.0001), while men were more likely to have a decrease in the percentage of SM (p=0.003). A significant difference between groups was also observed in MR (p=0.045). Significant differences between the groups of men and women younger than 50 years were observed in the percentage of TBF (p=0.0001), SM (p=0.0001), HDL‑C levels (p=0.003), creatinine (p=0.0001) and uric acid (p=0.004), the same indicators differed significantly among patients of the older age category — ≥ 50 years (p=0.0001, p=0.0001, p=0.003, p=0.0001, p=0.004, respectively). Correlation analysis revealed in men a direct relationship between calendar age (CA) and the level of alanine aminotransferase, and between CA and insulin resistance, which was also directly related to BA, aging rates, MR, GMD. The vast majority of anthropometric indices in men were associated with BA, aging rates, MR and GMD. In women, only WtHR was associated with aging speed. The percentage of SM was inversely related to GMD in women. A decrease in GFR in women against the background of an increase in CA was also accompanied by an increase in MR. Among the studied patients with NAFLD, accelerated rates of aging were less often observed in men (24%) than in women (40%), although the differences were not significant. Comparing patients with normal rates of aging depending on gender, we found that women had a significantly worse percentage of TBF (p=0.0001), SM (p=0.041), WWI value (p=0.048), GFR (p=0.011), while men had worse levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p=0.026), triglycerides (TG) (p=0.049), HDL‑C (p=0.0001), uric acid (p=0.002) and higher WtHR ratio (p=0.0001). Among patients with NAFLD with normal aging rates, an increase in WC above the normal range was more common in women compared to men (80.8% vs. 47.4%, respectively, p=0.019), and a decrease in the percentage of SM was more often among men (68.4% versus 26.9%, respectively, p=0.006).
 Conclusions. Among the men with NAFLD, insulin resistance is directly related to the CA, BA, rates of aging, MR and GMD. Anthropometric indicators and body composition of men with NAFLD, especially WtHR and WWI index, may be useful for assessing changes in the course of aging processes, because these indicators are related to aging markers. In order to prevent premature aging in men, disorders of lipid profile, especially increased TG levels and decreased HDL‑C levels, liver tests, mainly ALP, and uric acid levels should be detected and corrected in time. In women, for this purpose, it is necessary to pay more attention to the correction of the composition of the body, especially the percentage of SM and TBF, as well as to timely detecting and improving the filtration capacity of the kidneys.

Diagnostic value of anthropometric indicators and body composition as indicators of aging rates and comorbidity in patients with cardiometabolic diseases

Objective — to assess anthropometric indicators and body composition in patients with certain cardiometabolic diseases depending on their aging rates and the number of existing comorbid pathologies.
 Materials and methods. Examinations involved 92 patients with cardiometabolic diseases, including arterial hypertension (AH), non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance. Female prevailed among patients (62.0%), the mean age was 49.2 [41.4; 55.4] years. All patients were divided into groups depending on calendar age (CA): young <45 years (n=32), middle age 45—59 years (n=49), elderly >60 years (n=11), and also divided by the rates of aging: with accelerated age delta (Δ) >0 years (n=14), with significantly slowed rates of ageing — Δ ≤–5 years (n=51) and intermediate ones — Δ ∈ (–5; 0] years (n=27). Anthropometric parameters and calculated indices were determined in all patients and included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), WC/HC ratio, percentage of total fat (TF), percentage of skeletal muscle mass (SM), visceral fat (VF), weight‑adjusted waist index (WWI), a body shape index (ABSI) and abdominal volume index (AVI). As additional indicators of aging, the level of uric acid, the total mortality risk during the next 10 years (MR) and the level of global methylation (GM) of DNA were determined.
 Results. Significant differences between all groups divided according to CA were in BA and MR (p=0.0001 in all cases). Patients <45 years of age compared to the elderly had significantly higher rates of aging (p=0.019) and significantly lower levels of BMI (p=0.039), WC (p=0.034), WWI (p=0.002) and AVI (p=0.032). WWI was the only marker that significantly increased in the middle‑aged group of patients (p=0.033) compared to young patients. Patients re‑divided into groups according to  did not differ in the levels of anthropometric indicators and body composition. However, patients with significantly slower rates of aging had significantly lower uric acid levels compared to the group with accelerated (p=0.0001) and intermediate rates of aging (p=0.024), and also had higher CA compared to patients in the intermediate group (p=0.026). Various indicators of aging were significantly associated with weight, BMI, VF, WC, WC/HC, WWI and AVI, but only WC and AVI were simultaneously associated with all markers of aging (uric acid, BA, MR, GM). Only WWI was associated with CA, in addition it had the strongest association with BA and MR compared to other indicators. Patients with 4—5 comorbid pathologies had worse weight (p=0.045), BMI (p=0.0001), WC (p=0.002), WC/HC (p=0.002), TF (p=0.004), SM (p=0.010), WWI (p=0.006), AVI (p=0.002), WWI (p=0.040) and aging rates (p=0.008).
 Conclusions. Among anthropometric and body composition parameters in patients with cardiometabolic pathology, WWI is probably the most effective one for monitoring premature aging, as it is associated with both CA, markers of aging and cardiometabolic parameters. The higher calendar age among patients with cardiometabolic pathologies was accompanied by higher values of BMI, WC, WWI and AVI, so control of these indicators may be useful for prevention of premature aging. Assessment of weight, BMI, WC, WC/HC, TF, SM, WWI and AVI is effective for predicting aging rates among patients with multimorbidity.

A Joint DFT-kMC Study To Model Ethylene Carbonate Decomposition Reactions: SEI Formation, Growth, and Capacity Loss during Calendar Aging of Li-Metal Batteries

A Joint DFT-kMC Study To Model Ethylene Carbonate Decomposition Reactions: SEI Formation, Growth, and Capacity Loss during Calendar Aging of Li-Metal Batteries

Calendar Aging Effect on the Open Circuit Voltage of Lithium-Ion Battery

In recent years, lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) have gained a lot of importance due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles. To ensure that batteries work properly and limit their degradation, the battery management system needs accurate battery models capable of precisely predicting their parameters. Among them, the state of charge (SOC) estimation is one of the most important, as it enables the prediction of the battery’s available energy and prevents it from operating beyond its safety limits. A common method for SOC estimation involves utilizing the relationship between the state of charge and the open circuit voltage (OCV). On the other hand, the latter changes with battery aging. In a previous work, the authors studied a simple function to model the OCV curve, which was expressed as a function of the absolute state of discharge, q, instead of SOC. They also analyzed how the parameters of such a curve changed with the cycle aging. In the present work, a similar analysis was carried out considering the calendar aging effect. Three different LiB cells were stored at three different SOC levels (low, medium, and high levels) for around 1000 days, and an analysis of the change in the OCV-q curve model parameters with the calendar aging was performed.

Estimating the incidence of first RSV hospitalization in children born in Ontario, Canada.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contributes significantly to morbidity in children, placing substantial burdens on health systems, thus RSV vaccine development and program implementation are a public health priority. More data on burden are needed by policymakers to identify priority populations and formulate prevention strategies as vaccines are developed and licensed. Using health administrative data, we calculated incidence rates of RSV hospitalization in a population-based birth cohort of all children born over a six-year period (May 2009 - June 2015) in Ontario, Canada. Children were followed until their first RSV hospitalization, death, 5 th birthday, or the end of the study period (June 2016). RSV hospitalizations were identified using a validated algorithm based on International Classification of Diseases, 10 th Revision, and/or laboratory-confirmed outcomes. We calculated hospitalization rates by various characteristics of interest, including calendar month, age groups, sex, comorbidities, and gestational age. The overall RSV hospitalization rate for children <5 years was 4.2 per 1,000 person-years (PY) with a wide range across age groups (from 29.6 to 0.52 per 1000PY in children aged 1 month and 36-59 months, respectively). Rates were higher in children born at a younger gestational age (23.2 per 1000PY for those born at <28 weeks versus 3.9 per 1000PY born at ≥37 weeks); this increased risk persisted as age increased. While the majority of children in our study had no comorbidities, rates were higher in children with comorbidities. For all age groups, rates were highest between December and March. Our results confirm the high burden of RSV hospitalization and highlight young infants are at additional risk, namely premature infants. These results can inform prevention efforts.

Mechanistic calendar aging model for lithium-ion batteries

In this work we present a novel mechanistic calendar aging model for a commercial lithium-ion cell with NCA cathode and silicon-graphite anode. The mechanistic calendar aging model is a semi-empirical aging model that is parameterized on component states of health, instead of capacity. Three component states of health are derived from the degradation modes, which are calculated by fitting the electrode potential curves at every check-up measurement. The aging data used for model parameterization spans 672days of storage at 27 different combinations of ambient temperature (Tamb) and state of charge (SOC). To compensate for the influence of the check-up measurements on cell degradation, the aging data is pre-processed in two steps, considering immediate degradation caused by the check-up cycles and accelerated degradation during subsequent storage. The loss of active anode material is negligible during check-up-compensated calendar aging. For loss of lithium inventory and loss of active cathode material, Tafel and Arrhenius terms are successfully used to model Tamb and SOC dependence. The mechanistic calendar aging model predicts the capacity with <1% mean deviation for 7 different storage conditions after 672days without check-ups. The check-up compensation increases predicted lifetime by >150% for exemplary storage at Tamb=60°C and SOC=50%.

Sex differences of APOE neuropathology‐based scores in brain aging

AbstractBackgroundBy reinterpreting the difference between a model prediction and calendar age, machine learning algorithms allow for estimation of “brain age” using MRI. There is growing evidence for sex differences in the influence of APOE genotype (evaluated as APOE ε4 carrier status) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) endophenotypes at various stages of disease. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of an APOE neuropathology‐based score (APOE npscore) on the brain aging estimated from deep learning.MethodsBrain age from 274 participants (Fig. 1) in the Wisconsin‐ADRC was estimated from T1w‐MRI using a publicly available deep learning model called two‐stage‐age‐network (TSAN) that was pre‐trained on over four thousand scans from OASIS, ADNI‐I and PAC‐2019. TSAN uses a novel rank‐based loss along with mean squared loss and makes predictions in two steps which does not require a posteriori bias correction. This is a significant improvement from prior deep learning models in reducing the “regression‐to‐mean bias” typically present in brain age models. APOE genotypes (ε2ε2, ε2ε3, ε3ε3, ε2ε4, ε3ε4, ε4ε4) were weighted by the log(odds‐ratio) from a large study of autopsy‐confirmed AD cases/controls, providing a variable representing the relative amount of risk across APOE genotypes. Mood’s median test was used to examine the sex differences between the excess brain aging (EBA) as a function of the APOE npscore.Results Fig. 2 shows the brain age predictions. Fig. 3 shows that there are significant differences between females and males in the EBA for the APOE npscore &lt;0. Median EBA for both males and females is &lt;0 when APOE npscore &lt;0 suggesting protective effects of ε2 on brain aging. The median EBA &gt;0 for both the sexes when APOE npscore ≥0.ConclusionWe report sex differences in the influence of APOE genotype on brain aging. There is heterogeneity in the differences within the ε4+ (APOE npscore &gt;0) and ε4‐ (APOE npscore ≤0) groups. These sex differences may not be observed when using just ε4 carrier status instead of the APOE npscore. This provides evidence for a shift in paradigm for the way we analyze APOE genotype because of latent nuances of the ε4‐status influence on AD outcomes.

Analyzing and comparing healthy aging in France and OECD countries based on a new physiological age measure

We introduce a new individual measure of healthy aging on a sample of more than 39,000individuals and compare the results for France with 11other European countries and the United States. Our healthy aging measure is based on the discrepancy between the calendar age of populations with their estimated physiological age, which corresponds to a measure of age adjusted for the effects of comorbidities and functional health. France is ranked in the lower middle of our healthy aging scale, with the Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands), Switzerland and Greece being ahead. Economic capital has a strong impact on the estimated physiological age and on healthy aging trajectories. Socioeconomic inequalities are particularly marked in France as well as in Italy and the United States. The generosity of long-term care policies seems to be positively associated with the level of healthy aging of the populations. More work is required to identify the drivers of healthy aging among individuals living in OECD countries.

Performance metrics for the comparison of lithium ion cell aging experiments

The increasing use of lithium-ion cells in large-scale, long-term applications drives a need for design methods that considers aging and accurate state of health estimation. A common approach is to rely on an empirical or semi-empirical aging model fit to experimental data to estimate the evolution of capacity and power fade. Because aging data are costly to collect, pack designers either use Design of Experiment (DOE) techniques to define a set of efficient tests, or use existing aging data to calibrate aging models. Given the increasing quantity of available aging data, the question arises: how can experimental aging campaigns be quickly compared? However, a methodology for the comparison of sets of aging experiments is not discussed in the literature. As a result, pack designers usually rely on intuition to select between multiple aging studies proposed by DOE techniques or in the literature. This work proposes metrics to quantitatively capture the alignment between a set of aging experiments and a target application. These metrics allow pack designers to quickly compare many sets of aging experiments to evaluate those which have tested conditions relevant to the application. Case studies are presented to illustrate the application of these metrics using aging campaign data from the literature. To validate these metrics, this work examines the relationship between these metric values and aging model validation error for calendar aging data for 18650 NMC battery cells. It is demonstrated that greater metric values correspond to reduced model error for an empirical capacity fade model.

A New Method for Determining the Calendar Age of Plants of Heracleum sosnowskyi and Evaluation based on the Age Composition in Cenopopulations of the Species in the North

A New Method for Determining the Calendar Age of Plants of Heracleum sosnowskyi and Evaluation based on the Age Composition in Cenopopulations of the Species in the North

A metabolomic signature of decelerated physiological aging in human plasma

The degenerative processes that occur during aging increase the risk of disease and impaired health. Meanwhile, interventions that target aging to promote healthy longevity are gaining interest, both academically and in the public. While nutritional and physical interventions exist, efficacy is often difficult to determine. It is therefore imperative that an aging score measuring the biological aging process is available to the wider public. However, simple, interpret, and accessible biological aging scores are lacking. Here, we developed PhysiAge, a physiological aging score based on five accessible parameters that have influence on or reflect the aging process: (1) average daily step count, (2) blood glucose, (3) systolic blood pressure, (4) sex, and (5) age. Here, we found that compared to calendar age alone, PhysiAge better predicts mortality, as well as established muscle aging markers such as decrease in NAD+ levels, increase in oxidative stress, and decline in physical functioning. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of PhysiAge in identifying relevant factors associated with decelerated aging, we calculated PhysiAges for a cohort of aged individuals and obtained mass spectrometry-based blood plasma metabolomic profiles for each individual. Here, we identified a metabolic signature of decelerated aging, which included components of the TCA cycle, including malate, citrate, and isocitrate. Higher abundance of these metabolites was associated with decelerated aging, in line with supplementation studies in model organisms. PhysiAge represents an accessible way for people to track and intervene in their aging trajectories, and identifies a metabolic signature of decelerated aging in human blood plasma, which can be further studied for its causal involvement in human aging.

Childhood onset type 1 diabetes in Western Australia: an update on incidence and temporal trends from 2001 to 2022.

To determine the incidence and incidence trends over 2001-2022 of childhood onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Western Australia and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Children newly diagnosed with T1D aged 0-14 years in Western Australia from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2022 were identified from the population-based Western Australian Children's Diabetes Database. Annual age- and sex- specific incidence was calculated, and Poisson regression used to analyse trends by calendar year, month, sex and age group at diagnosis. Pandemic era impacts were also examined using the regression model adjusted for sex and age group. Between 2001 and 2022, 2311 children (1214 boys, 1097 girls) were newly diagnosed with T1D aged 0-14 years, giving an overall mean annual incidence of 22.9 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 22.0, 23.9), with no significant difference observed between boys and girls. A significant linear increasing trend was only observed in 10-14 year olds with boys and girls combined (1.2% per year (IRR 1.012 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.022))). No significant difference in the incidence was observed between the pre- and post-pandemic period. The incidence of type 1 diabetes in 0-14 year old Western Australian children continues to increase in the oldest age group. Longer term monitoring of the incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic is needed to determine its impact in this globally unique population which experienced a delayed start to the pandemic with severe containment measures remaining in place until January 2022.