Coupled channel calculations of integral cross sections for rotational and vibrational excitation of H 2(X 1Σ + g by collision with Li + are reported for 1.2 eV in the c.m. system employing an ab initio potential energy surface and numerical vibration—rotation functions of the Koo̵s—Wolniewicz potential function including adiabatic correction. Pure rotational excitation is found to strongly dominate the inelastic scattering occurring at this energy. Preparation of H 2 in various allowed non-zero rotational states is seen to enhance the 0 → 1 vibrational cross section by approximately an order of magnitude.