Calculation Of Safety Factor Research Articles

Parenteral toxicity studies with benzyl alcohol

Benzyl alcohol was injected into mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys and compared with ethyl alcohol to delineate its limits of tolerance. Intravenously, 1 ml/kg of 0.9% benzyl alcohol did not affect, in anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs and anesthetized monkeys, the blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, ECG or hematalogic parameters. The lethal iv dose of 0.9% benzyl alcohol in anesthetized, normovolemic dogs was 88–113 ml/kg (0.83–1.06 g/kg). Intracarotid and intrarenal injections of 0.9% benzyl alcohol did not cause any significant effects on ECG, blood pressure, heart rate, respiration or EEG of anesthetized dogs. Rapid iv injections of 0.9% benzyl alcohol were nonlethal in mice at 50 ml/kg (0.48 g/kg). Both 0.9% benzyl and ethyl alcohol could be given, iv, to rats, slowly, with no fatalities at 40 ml/kg. After rapid injection, the LD50 for 0.9% benzyl was 33.4 ml/kg while 37.5 ml/kg of the ethyl alcohol was nonlethal. Volumes of 22.5 ml/kg or less of 0.9% benzyl alcohol were nonlethal in rats. There is a calculated safety factor of 38 following a rapid injection of a 30-ml vial dose of 0.9% benzyl alcohol to a 50-kg adult. Intraarterially, 0.9% benzyl and ethyl alcohol were tolerated by rats at 44.5 ml/kg. Benzyl alcohol (94%) was 23 times more toxic in rats, iv, than ethyl alcohol (95%). Again, the calculated LD50 in mice for benzyl alcohol (94%) was less than 0.5 ml/kg (0.48 g/kg), and that for ethyl alcohol (95%) was 1.9 ml/kg (1.46 g/kg).

Calculation of the strength safety factor for components of reciprocating hydraulic machines

Calculation of the strength safety factor for components of reciprocating hydraulic machines

ANALISIS KEAMANAN LERENG BENDUNGAN UTAMA PADA BENDUNGAN BENEL DI KABUPATEN JEMBRANA

Development of dam very important for community surrounding the dam. To maintain that the benefits can be continued, it is necessary to review whether the safety of dams already meet the expected requirements. Dam safety to be reviewed when the dam was built and when the dam operating at this time. Security conditions associated with changes in water level on the upstream dam that affects the seepage on the body of dam and seepage under the dam. The water level also affects the slope of the dam when the dam has been operating. Evaluation of the safety of the dam was conducted on Benel dam which located in Melaya District, Jembrana Regency, Bali Province. The results of the calculation of seepage (q) in the dam body with SEEP/W and flownet shows that, seepage discharge (q) which passes through under the dam and the body of dam is less than 1% (4.9206 m3/second) against the average flood discharge, so it has met the security requirements. Dam safety factor calculations without seismic load and with seismic load, for upstream slope and downstream slope when the dam was constructed, when operating with flood water level, when operating in the rainy season (normal water level), when operating in the dry season (minimum water level) and with rapid draw down condition, with SLOPE/W and the Bishop method, the safety factor obtained more than minimum requirement by RSNI M-03-2002.