Ten healthy young men exercised for 1.5 and 3 hours, respectively, 4 to 6 weeks apart at the same work intensity, corresponding to 77% of the individual maximal heart rate. In the fasting state 1 mL of 10% Intralipid/kg body weight was injected IV, the fractional removal rate was calculated (k 2-value), and fasting lipid and apolipoprotein C-I, C-II, and CIII concentrations were determined one day before, immediately before, immediately after, and one day after the exercise: measurements were also made two and three days after the three-hour session. An increase of the k 2-value was found only the day after the three-hour exercise (+66%, P<.01), while after the 1.5-hour exercise the k 2-value was not changed. One and two days after the three-hour exercise the fasting serum triglyceride concentration was significantly decreased by 33% and 16%, respectively. Serum triglyceride concentration was decreased also the day after the shorter session (−17%, P<.05). Decreases in serum cholesterol concentrations were significant after both exercise bouts, but the significance disappeared if corrections for the changes in calculated plasma volume were made. Serum level of C apolipoproteins was decreased one day after the three-hour exercise, while it was not changed after the shorter exercise. This study shows that prolonged exercise produces an increase in the removal rate of Intralipid triglycerides from the bloodstream, that this change is related to the duration of exercise, and that some time is required following the exercise, before it is manifest.