Calcium Phosphorus Research Articles

Pharmacodynamics and acute toxicity studies of Shangke Jiegu tablet with or without cinnabar

PurposeTo evaluate the function of cinnabar in Shangke Jiegu tablet (SKJGT) via pharmacodynamics and toxicity investigations to determine whether cinnabar should be removed from SKJGT. Materials and methodsThe pharmacodynamic differences between SKJGT and cinnabar-free Shangke Jiegu tablet (CFSKJGT) were systematically compared in five animal models. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed on ear swelling and paw edema by measuring the degree of swelling in each. Then, the acetic acid-induced writhing reaction and hot-water tail-flick were also evaluated by counting pain reactions. The pharmacodynamic effects on soft tissue contusions were identified through histopathological observation. Chemical markers of fracture healing, including osteocytes and the blood calcium and phosphorus level, were determined via radiographic examination and biochemical assay, respectively. In addition, the maximum dosages of SKJGT and CFSKJGT were tested in mice to compare their toxicities. ResultsSKJGT and CFSKJGT showed anti-inflammation effects (swelling inhibition ratios of 40.8% and 44.0%, respectively), analgesia (pain threshold ratios of 48.2% and 44.1%, respectively, at 60 min in the hot-water tail-flick test), and soft tissue contusion repair compared with the control (p < 0.05), and the degree of swelling inhibition and the number of pain reactions were dose-dependent. SKJGT and CFSKJGT both significantly improved the bone healing in the rat fracture model, as indicated by the increased osteocyte size during weeks 1–6 and elevated blood calcium and blood phosphorus levels (reaching maximum concentrations of 7.5 mmol/L and 6.8 mmol/L, respectively) during weeks 1–2. The maximum doses for the SKJGT and CFSKJGT groups were 9.0 g/kg in the acute toxicity experiment. The seizure rate of the SKJGT group (25.0%) was lower than that of the CFSKJGT group (50.0%) when the toxicity was observed after administration. ConclusionThis is the first report to investigate the pharmacodynamics and acute toxicity of cinnabar in SKJGT. Broadly, this study offers novel, valuable insights into the efficacy of cinnabar in prescribed SKJGT.

Dynamics of biochemical parameters of blood of cows during the dry period for stall keeping

The period of stable keeping of cows is one of the most difficult periods for the body, as it is the most saturated with stressful influences, and precisely due to the lack of solar insolation and exercise, the action of potentially pathogenic microflora and increased gassing of livestock premises, shortage vitamins, micro- and macroelements in feed. Deep calving animals have metabolic disorders without clinical signs. Such a form pathologies can be detected only through biochemical research.The content of total protein was determined by biuret`s method, albumins ‒ by reaction with bromocresol green, activity alanine and aspartate aminotransferase ‒ by the Reitman-Frenkel method, activity alkaline phosphatase ‒ with disodium phenyl phosphate, acid capacity ‒ by Bolshakov-Belyaev technique, carotene content ‒ by photometric method, content of total calcium ‒ by the complexometric method, the content of carotene ‒ photometric method. The purpose of our work was to study the dynamics of protein and mineral meabolism in cows during the dry period for stall keeping. The object of the study was cows (15 heads) of the Holstein breed with a milk yield of 5‒6 thousand kg per lactation for 8‒9 months of pregnancy. It was found that the total protein of the cows organism decreased in the last months of pregnancy during the dry period from 87.25 ± 1.20 to 81.60 ± 1.20 g/l (Р &lt; 0.05), including the globulin fraction from 51.96 ± 2.08 to 43.75 ± 2.07 g/l (Р &lt; 0.05) and other indicators of protein metabolism changed. The g-globulin fraction significantly decreased from 28.53 g/l to 22.97 g/l (Р &lt; 0.01). In our opinion, this is due to a decrease in the activity of the mother's body defenses to prevent the development of a reaction to the fetal tissue, which is a foreign organism. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase decreased by 8.5 months of pregnancy to 150.26 ± 13.59 nM/s·L (Р &lt; 0.01), and then tended to increase to 187.19 ± 9.21 nM/s·L (Р &lt; 0.05). Such a change in the activity of this enzyme in late pregnancy is associated with an increase in the processes of self-renewal of proteins due to transamination, which can be used more intensively by the fetus. The calcium content decreased by 1.14 times during the dry period. This fact, in our opinion, is associated with the intensive development and formation of the fetal skeleton. This is also evidenced by a significant increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (1.29 times, Р &lt; 0.01). Changes in total calcium and inorganic phosphorus were strongly correlated (r = 1.0). The results obtained allow us to point out the causes of the identified deviations and offer recommendations for their elimination and correction of animal feeding.

Correlation analysis of serum CTRP3 and PGC-1α expression with traumatic fracture healing

To investigate the relationship between serum C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3(CTRP3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α) on predictive value of expression level on fracture healing. From January 2019 to January 2020, 80 patients with traumatic tibial plateau fractures were treated by internal fixation with support plates through the posterior approach of the knee joint. The patients were followed up for 12 months. According to the criteria for delayed fracture healing, the patients were divided into two groups:54 patients in fracture healing group included 24 males and 30 females, aged 29 to 75 years old with an average of (52.36±13.17) years;In the delayed healing group, there were 26 cases, 13 males and 13 females, aged from 29 to 75 with an average od (53.82±13.52) years. The serum levels of CTRP3, PGC-1αand 25 hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3] in patients with traumatic fracture were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);Blood phosphorus and calcium levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer, and the product of calcium and phosphorus was calculated;Pearson's method was used to analyze the correlation between serum CTRP3, PGC-1αand bone biochemical indexes in patients with delayed union one week after operation;The predictive value of serum levels of CTRP3 and PGC-1αon traumatic fracture healing was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve). PGC-1α, calcium phosphorus product and 25(OH)D3 in the fracture healing group were higher than those in the delayed healing group at 1 and 4 weeks after operation(P<0.05). Serum CTRP3 was positively correlated with PGC-1α(r=0.637, P<0.05) and positively correlated with calcium phosphorus product and 25(OH)D3(P<0.05). The areas under the curve(AUC) of serum ctrp3 and PGC-1α levels in predicting traumatic fracture healing were 0.845 and 0.855, respectively. The cutoff values were 188.678 pg/ml and 2.697 ng/ml, respectively. The specificity was 96.2% and 80.8%, and the sensitivity was 53.7% and 77.8%;The predicted AUC was 0.904, the specificity was 88.5%, and the sensitivity was 81.5%. The serum levels of CTRP3 and PGC-1 in patients with delayed union of traumatic fracture at 1 and 4 weeks after operation α The expression level is of certain reference value to predict the fracture healing status of patients.

Оцінка змін біохімічного складу ротової рідини при фізичних навантаженнях високої інтенсивності

The purpose of the work was to study changes in the mineral composition, lactate content and pH of oral fluid under the influence of high-intensity physical exertion on the body of students with different physical training. Materials and methods. 28 students who were divided into 2 groups, depending on the level of physical training, took part in the study. Group 1 – students who attended only physical education classes. Group 2 – students who, in addition to academic classes, attended sports sections 3-4 times a week. Study participants were tested on a treadmill, performing high-intensity physical activity for 30 minutes. The research was conducted for 7 days. Saliva was taken at rest, in the morning on an empty stomach, and immediately after the end of the exercise test. The study of the content of inorganic phosphorus and total calcium was carried out using a ready-made set of chemical reagents, the pH of the oral fluid was determined using a laboratory pH meter. Lactate content was determined colorimetrically according to the Buchner method. Results and discussion. Under the conditions of intense physical exertion, in the oral fluid of students with a low level of physical training, a probable increase in the content of lactate, a decrease in the pH level and indicators of mineralization of hard tissues of the tooth, such as total calcium and inorganic phosphorus, were observed, which may indirectly indicate a violation of enamel mineralization processes and lead to the development of dental pathologies. In the oral fluid of students with a high level of physical training, only a tendency to a decrease in indicators of mineral metabolism and pH was noted against the background of a probable increase in lactate after intense exercise compared to a state of rest. Such changes may be related to the body's adaptation to intense physical exertion after several years of training. So, the proposed complex of biochemical research of oral fluid in students during constant intense physical activity made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of metabolic changes in oral fluid, which is important for more accurate diagnosis of dental diseases and the development of individual dental caries prevention programs. Conclusion. High-intensity physical exertion leads to slight fluctuations in the lactate content, pH indicator, and mineral composition in the oral fluid of students. The established changes depend entirely on the level of physical training of students and tolerance of physical load, and also reflect the adaptation capabilities of the body to physiological stress

Dietary calcium and non-phytate phosphorus levels affect the performance, serum biochemical indices, and lipid metabolism in growing pullets

This experiment aimed to study the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels on performance, serum biochemical indices, and lipid metabolism in Beijing You Chicken (BYC), a local chicken. A 3×3 factorial design was adopted, dietary Ca levels were 0.66, 0.71, and 0.76%, NPP levels were 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35%. A total of 648 ten-wk-old BYC growing pullets were randomly divided into 9 groups with 6 replicates per group, and 12 birds per replicate. Growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and lipid metabolism indicators from 10 to 16 wk were measured. The results showed as follows: 1) Dietary Ca and NPP alone did not affect growth performance, but the interaction of dietary Ca and NPP affected average feed intake (AFI) of growing pullets (P < 0.05). The AFI was the lowest for the group with 0.71% Ca and 0.25% NPP (3,550.0 g, P=0.036). 2) Dietary Ca level significantly affected serum P content (P < 0.05); dietary NPP had an influence trend on serum Ca content (P=0.054). Dietary NPP levels and the interaction of Ca and NPP significantly affected alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity. 3) Dietary Ca levels significantly affected TC content and HDL-C content (P < 0.05). Dietary NPP level significantly affected TG content (P < 0.05), the TG content in 0.25% and 0.30% NPP groups was significantly lower than that in 0.35% NPP group (P < 0.05). The interaction of dietary Ca and NPP significantly affected TG, TC and HDL-C contents (P < 0.05). TG, TC, and LDL-C levels were lower and HDL-C levels were the highest in the group with 0.66% Ca and 0.25% NPP. In summary, appropriate dietary Ca level can regulate serum TG, TC, and HDL-C content. Dietary Ca and NPP levels can be adjusted in pullet phase to avoid excessive obesity during the egg-laying period. This study recommended that dietary 0.66% Ca and 0.25% NPP benefit for the lipid metabolism of BYC growing pullets without affecting the performance.

Effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus restrictions on growth performance, intestinal morphology, nutrient retention, and tibia characteristics in broiler chickens

ABSTRACT 1. This study evaluated the effects of dietary calcium (Ca)‎ and available phosphorus (aP) restrictions on growth performance, intestinal morphology, nutrient apparent total tract retention (ATTR), and tibia characteristics.2. A total of 1296, one-day-old male Ross-308 broilers were reared for 42 d. During the ‎starter phase (1-10 d), all birds were fed a nutrient-adequate diet (C). Diets fed during the grower phase (11-24 d) included: 1. C; 2. 15% of the Ca and aP in C; 3. 30% of the Ca and aP in C. At the beginning of the finisher phase (25 d), chickens fed the C diet were divided into two subgroups including C, and C+ phytase (500 FTU/kg). Restricted treatments were divided into eight subgroups as 1. C; 2. 10% of the Ca and aP in C; 3. 20% of the Ca and aP in C; 4. 30% of the Ca and aP in C; 5. C+ phytase; 6. 10% of the Ca and aP in C+ phytase; 7. 20% of the Ca and aP in C+ phytase and 8. 30% of the Ca and aP in C+ phytase. 3. On d 24 and 42, ATTR of Ca and phytate phosphorus (pP) were linearly increased by decreasing Ca and aP levels (P < 0.05). Birds receiving phytase showed higher nutrient ATTR ‎compared to those fed non-phytase supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Tibia Ca and P were linearly decreased at 24 d (P < 0.05) and tibial ash was linearly decreased (P < 0.05) at 42 d by decreasing levels of Ca and aP in finisher diets (without phytase)‎. By decreasing the levels of Ca and aP in the finisher diets (with phytase) with a 30% reduction of Ca and aP in the grower phase, tibia ash linearly decreased (P < 0.05). Using 500 FTU/kg phytase improved tibia traits compared to non-phytase supplemented treatments (P < 0.05).4. In general, decreasing dietary Ca and aP (up to 30%) during grower and finisher phases increased ATTR of minerals and decreased Ca, P and breaking strength (BS) of tibia without any negative effect on growth performance or intestinal morphology. Reduced dietary Ca and aP decreased tibial ash content, although 500 FTU/kg phytase improved ATTR of minerals and tibia attributes.

Etiopathogenesis of Calcium–Phosphorus Metabolism in Rabbits

In this article clinical signs, hematological indicators and photo morphological changes in bones of the etiopathogenesis of calcium–phosphorus metabolism in rabbits are described. Low–nutrition, poor–quality feeding of mother rabbits during the estrus period means that the needs of the mother rabbits’ body for vitamins and macro–microelements are not fully met. Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in rabbits are on average 53,3% during the gestation period and on average 73,3% during the postpartum period. It is accompanied by symptoms such as a decrease in response to external influences, swelling of the skin, a decrease in gloss, strong whitening of the mucous membranes, a decrease in body weight, accompanied by symptoms such as a change in appetite.

Effect of total parathyroidectomy in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective study

PurposeTo investigate the therapeutic efficacy, feasibility, and safety of total parathyroidectomy (tPTX) in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).MethodsThe clinical data of 34 SHPT patients admitted to the Department of Nephrology, Yuxi People’s Hospital, from January 2018 to January 2021 who had received tPTX, were retrospectively analyzed. The indications for tPTX were severe SHPT that did not respond to medical treatment and was ineligible for kidney transplantation. tPTX without autotransplantation was adopted to compare the level of symptom relief and changes in serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), blood calcium, and blood phosphorus pre- and postoperatively.ResultsIn 34 patients, 142 parathyroid glands were removed, including 21 ectopic parathyroid glands (14.78%). Six patients (17.64%, 6/34) had supernumerary parathyroid glands. At 6 h postoperatively, arthralgia and bone pain were significantly reduced to almost zero in 94.12% (32/34) of patients. At 24 h postoperatively, relief of bone pain and improvement of limb movement were observed in 100% (34/34) of patients, and pruritus almost disappeared in 86.36% (19/22) of patients. There were significant differences in iPTH (χ2 = 134.93, P < 0.05), calcium (χ2 = 23.02, P < 0.05), and phosphorus (χ2 = 102.11, P < 0.05) levels preoperatively and 40 min, 24 h, 1 week, half a year, and last available (> 1 year) postoperatively.The patients were followed up for 15–47 months (median 33 months). Hypoparathyroidism was observed in three patients, who underwent neck dissection or partial thymotomy concurrently for different reasons. No intractable hypocalcemia or adynamic bone disease occurred during the follow-up period.ConclusionIn SHPT patients who were ineligible for renal transplantation, tPTX was effective, safe, and reliable, with a low recurrence rate. However, when tPTX was performed alone without autologous transplantation, bilateral neck exploration was sufficient, and central neck dissection and thymic resection were inadvisable.

Acidified diet is not effective in preventing hypocalcemia in dairy cows on French commercial farms

The objective of this study was to assess, in the context of typical dairy farms in western France, the preventive effects of prepartum diet acidification (AcD) and mineral intake during late gestation on the incidence of subclinical hypocalcemia (SHC) and subclinical hypophosphatemia (SHP) after calving. We conducted a longitudinal study that followed a cohort of 371 Holstein cows from 26 French dairy farms; of these, 235 cows (15 farms) were supplied with anionic salts during late gestation, and 136 cows (11 farms) were not. Blood samples were collected from 1 to 22 cows per farm (average of 14.3 cows per farm) between 24 and 48 h after calving. Total calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations in plasma were then quantified by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. The effects of AcD on the incidence of SHC and SHP were assessed using mixed linear models that evaluated the cow-level factors parity, milk yield index, and individual health events/treatments, and the farm-level factors diet calcium and magnesium content, dietary phosphorus intake, vitamin D supply, diet crude protein content, and duration of AcD, with farm as a random effect. Approximately 55% of cows were diagnosed with SHC (calcium &amp;lt; 2.0 mmol/l, n = 203) and 37% with SHP (inorganic phosphorus &amp;lt; 1.3 mmol/l, n=136). The first model confirmed earlier findings that the risk of SHC is higher with increased parity (P ≤ 0.0001) and revealed a higher risk associated with high milk yield (P = 0.0005), high phosphorus intake (40–60 g/cow per day, OR = 3.5; ≥ 60 g/cow per day, OR = 7.3; P = 0.0003) and high vitamin D supply (≥ 19950 IU/cow per day, OR = 3, P = 0.007). The second model highlighted a greater risk of SHP with increasing parity (P = 0.03) and showed trends for the preventive effects of AcD (OR = 0.4, P = 0.07) and moderate amounts of phosphorus in the diet (OR = 0.4, P = 0.10). Overall, our results do not support the effectiveness of AcD in preventing SHC or SHP under field conditions examined here, probably resulting from insufficient diet acidification.

Molecular Simulation of Statherin Adsorption on Hydroxyapatite (001) Surface

AbstractStatherin (SN) is an important protein that can adsorb on enamel to maintain calcium ions balance and promote biomineralization in the human oral cavity. In this work, parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulation and all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation are combined to study the behavior of SN adsorbed on the hydroxyapatite (HAP) (001) surface. The results indicate that SN can “anchor” on HAP (001) surface by its Asp1 and Sep2 with “head‐on” orientation in NaCl solution and its secondary structure and conformation are changed greatly, which means that SN loses its biological activity. However, SN can maintain its conformation in calcium phosphate solution. Furthermore, SN can adsorb on HAP (001) surface with Sep2 and Sep3 by salt bridge with calcium phosphorus clusters with “lying” orientation. More importantly, Glu26 residue can stabilize the free calcium and phosphorus clusters, which can prevent not only the dissolution of HAP surface, but also the precipitation of calcium phosphate due to the supersaturated state. This work can help to better understand the process of biomineralization and also provides a guidance for the design of dental restoration materials.

Construction of Biomimetic Tissues with Anisotropic Structures via Stepwise Algorithm-Assisted Bioprinting.

Tissue-specific natural anisotropic microstructures play an important role in the normal functioning of tissues, yet they remain difficult to construct by current printing techniques. Herein, a stepwise algorithm-assisted bioprinting technology for the construction of biomimetic tissues with a customizable anisotropic microstructure by combining the Adaptive Mesh Generation algorithm and the Greedy Search algorithm is developed. Based on the mechanical topology optimization design mechanism, the Adaptive Mesh Generation algorithm can generate controllable anisotropic mesh patterns with the minimum free energy in plane models according to tissue-specific requirements. Subsequently, the Greedy Search algorithm can program the generated pattern data into optimized printing paths, effectively avoiding structural deformations caused by the multiple stacking of materials and reducing the printing time. The developed bioprinting technique is suitable for various types of bioinks including polymers, hydrogels, and organic/inorganic complexes. After combining with a calcium phosphorus bioink, the compound algorithm-assisted bioprinting technique successfully customizes femurs with biomimetic chemical compositions, anisotropic microstructures, and biological properties, demonstrating its effectiveness. Additionally, algorithm-assisted bioprinting is generally suitable for most commercial extrusion bioprinters that function in the geometric code (G-code) drive mode. Therefore, the algorithm-assisted extrusion bioprinting technology offers an intelligent manufacturing strategy for the customization of anisotropic microstructures in biomimetic tissues.

IT IS NOT ALWAYS CHEMOTHERAPY THAT LYSES THE CELLS: A CASE OF TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME PRESENTING IN ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AFTER IMMUNOTHERAPY

IT IS NOT ALWAYS CHEMOTHERAPY THAT LYSES THE CELLS: A CASE OF TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME PRESENTING IN ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AFTER IMMUNOTHERAPY

Short-term biochemical and anthropometric effects of nutritional education for serum phosphorus control in hemodialysis patients

Background Hyperphosphatemia is a frequently encountered and difficult-to-manage problem in hemodialysis (HD) patients and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study was carried out to explore the effect of nutritional education on the serum phosphorus level in HD patients. Patients and methods This open-label, single-center randomized controlled trial involved 100 HD patients. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the education group underwent a 12-week nutritional education program, whereas the control group received standard treatment. Nutritional education was provided by a trained renal dietitian in the form of educational sessions, brochures, audiovisual teaching aids, and patient-tailored dietary recommendations. Detailed nutritional and laboratory tests were done before randomization and 3 weeks after the end of the study. Results Serum phosphorus level and calcium–phosphorus product were significantly lower among the education group (P=0.02 and 0.04, respectively) with a percent reduction of serum phosphorus of -13.8 ± 21.41 after nutritional education. Nutritional education (B: -0.57, 95% confidence interval: -1.13 to -0.01, P=0.04) and the dietary protein intake (B: -0.47, 95% confidence interval: -0.94 to -0.003, P=0.04) were the predictors of serum phosphorus level at the end of the study. Three weeks after termination, BMI, waist circumference, and malnutrition inflammation score were lower (P=0.04, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively), whereas midarm muscle circumference was higher (P=0.004) among the education group. Conclusion Nutritional education can help in controlling the serum phosphorus level in HD patients without causing derangements in the nutritional status and should be provided in each HD unit.

Evaluation of the correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus levels and calcium phosphorus product with disease severity and ICU mortality in SARS-COV-2 pneumonia patients followed up in ICU

Background: Calcium and phosphorus are important elements in the body that have been shown to decrease in critical inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of calcium and phosphorus and the calcium phosphate product (CPP) in patients followed up in intensive care unit (ICU) due to hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The secondary endpoint of the study were respiratory support therapies used in the evaluation of independent mortality and disease severity in ICU that were divided into four groups depending on the time of administration: (i) first 24 hours, (ii) 48-72 hours, (iii) 72 hours, and (iv) 72 hours-28 days.&#x0D; Material and Method: The retrospective study included patients with critical and severe COVID-19 pneumonia followed up in ICU. &#x0D; Results: The study included 369 patients with a mean age of 64.3±14.8 years. ICU mortality was observed in 142 (38.5%) patients, among whom 17 (4.6%) patients died within 24 hours, 28 (7.6%) died between 48-72 hours, 50 (12.7%) died within 72 hours, and 47 (12.7%) died between 72 hours and 28 days. Serum calcium level established a significant relationship with ICU mortality at 28 days and 72 hours (p0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: Serial assessment of serum calcium may be a new criterion in the prediction of independent mortality in critical and severe COVID-19 pneumonia, which has been recently identified and has numerous unknown features.

Effect of phosphorus activators on soil legacy phosphorus availability and its uptake by maize hybrid COH(M) 6 in calcareous soil

Continuous application of phosphatic fertilizers in association with its low recovery results in the insoluble legacy P buildup in agricultural soils. In this study, a field experiment was conducted with maize hybrid COH(M) 6 to know the effect of different P activators (Farmyard Manure, Humic acid, Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria, and Phytase) on increasing the legacy phosphorus (P) availability. The P activators were combined and applied along with the different doses of P fertilizer (100%, 75%, and 50% soil test dose of P fertilizer). The results showed that the application of Farmyard manure (FYM) and Humic acid (HA) significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased the soil available P (18.54 kg ha-1) and notably reduced the calcium P fraction (93.08 mg kg-1). The application of FYM and HA with 100% soil test dose of P showed a similar grain (9.98 kg ha-1) and stover P uptake (12.67 kg ha-1) response as that of FYM and HA with 75% soil test dose of P. The study suggested that FYM and HA application has activated the fixed calcium phosphorus in soil and increased its availability for crop utilization. The findings have illustrated that even the reduced dose of P fertilizer application can support the nutrient uptake if they are applied along with P- activators such as FYM and HA. This could promote soil health by reducing the P overload and further P loss in soil.

Parathyroid Hormone Predicts Radial Bone Loss in Healthy Nigerian Adults

Objective: The correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and bone markers is well studied in postmenopausal women and elderly men. However, related literature on healthy adults is scarce. This study determined the correlation between parathyroid hormone (PTH), BMD of the left distal radius, and other biochemical markers in apparently healthy Nigerian adults. Methods: This research included 80 (28 males/52 females) healthy participants between 22 and 50 years of age (32.10 ± 5.8 years) who met the inclusion criteria. All the participants were recruited by a systematic random sampling. Interview questionnaires were used to supplement clinical data and anthropometric measures. Fasting samples were analyzed for calcium, inorganic phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), PTH, osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase, and 24-h calcium excretion. The left distal radius BMD was examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The data were statistically analyzed, and the significance level was set at &lt;0.05. Results: It was found that PTH was inversely correlated with left distal radius BMD/z-score (P = 0.004). It showed positive and negative trends with serum-adjusted calcium and inorganic phosphorus (P = 0.09 and P = 0.07, respectively). Neither the OC nor 24-h calcium excretion correlated with PTH (P &gt; 0.05). The OC was inversely correlated with BMD (P = 0.003), but not with 24-h urinary calcium excretion (P &gt; 0.05). None of the participants had osteoporosis. Regression analysis showed that PTH and OC predict radial bone density in participants (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Higher PTH levels correlate with lower left distal radius BMD in apparently healthy participants.

Nutritional aspects of the main natural fodder resources in the locality of Ngouye in Senegal

The study was carried out in the locality of Ngouye which is an agro-pastoral area located in the Karffine region in Senegal. The breeding that is practiced is of the extensive type on natural pastures. The study aims to know the nutritional aspects of woody fodder found in the area. During our ethnobotanical survey, we identified 28 woody species, 23 of which are fodder. All species showed high levels of nitrogenous matter (MAT) ranging from 15.66% to 18.21% dry matter (DM). However, among these 23 species, 9 are considered to be better fodder. These 9 species have much greater dry matter ingestion and digestion capacities and low parietal components, in particular lignin and cellulose. These fodder species are Eucalyptus Alba, Securidaca longepedunculata, Acacia ataxacantha, Adansonia digitata, Azadirachta indica, Balanites aegyptiaca, Combretum glutinosum, Anogeissus leiocarpus, and Acacia nilotica. The calcium phosphorus imbalance with respective averages of 0.17 and 1.16 shows that most species are phosphorus deficient.

The effect of two calcium phosphate-containing agents on the enamel resistance of permanent molars to demineralization: An experimental study.

The main purpose of this experimental study was to determine the in vitro effects of two calcium phosphate-containing agents (Remin Pro® and GC Tooth mousse™) on the enamel resistance of permanent molars to demineralization. Fifty extracted human third molars were randomly divided into four groups; that is the control group and three case groups treated with Remin Pro®, GC Tooth mousse™, and sodium fluoride gel. The three case groups were treated with 0.25 ml of the paste associated with each experimental group for 5 min, kept in fluoride-free artificial saliva, and incubated at 37°C for 28 days. After the treatment regimen, 10 samples of each case group were subjected to demineralization using an acetic acid-containing solution, and remineralization using a remineralizing solution. The morphology of enamel was observed via scanning electron microscopy and their enamel calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios were measured before/after the demineralization cycle with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests. The enamel Ca/P ratios in the case study groups were significantly higher than that of the control group before/after the demineralization regimen (p < .0001). However, the ratios were not significantly different between the case study groups after the treatment regimen and demineralization cycle (p > .05). The outcomes of the current study indicated that all three agents seemed to increase the enamel resistance of permanent molar teeth to demineralization.

Sonographic evaluation of subclinical entheseal involvement in patients with hypoparathyroidism: a case control study.

Hypoparathyroidism is a disease characterized by low serum calcium, increased serum phosphorus and low PTH levels. Although patients are treated with active vitamin D and calcium, a proper serum calcium phosphorus balance cannot always be achieved. Ectopic calcifications that develop in organs during treatment are the most common complications. To date, there is not any published study on enthesopathy in patients with hypoparathyroidism. The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical enthesopathy in patients with hypoparathyroidism with ultrasound and to compare the results with those of the control group. The study included patients aged 18-65years with postoperative hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism (group hypoP + hypoT), patients with postoperative hypothyroidism (group hypoT), and healthy age and sex-matched volunteers (group C). Ultrasonographic findings of enthesopathy in both extremities were documented according to the Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Scoring System (GUESS). GUESS scores in group hypoP + hypoT, were significantly higher when compared to the other groups. There was a statistically significant correlation between the total GUESS scores and total enthesophyte scores and the duration of hypoparathyroidism (p < 0.05, r = 0.43) (p < 0.05, r = 0.39) respectively. In the correlation analysis of all groups, a significant negative correlation was found between serum Ca and PTH levels and the total GUESS scores (p < 0.01, r = -0.37; p < 0.01, r = -0.54, respectively). This study showed that GUESS scores were significantly higher in patients with hypoparathyroidism compared to those with hypothyroidism and control subjects. GUESS scores were positively correlated with disease duration. Patients with hypoparathyroidism need to be evaluated for subclinical enthesopathy during follow-up.

Interrelation of Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Calcium and Phosphorus in Stage 3 To Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease

The Kidneys maintains filtration, endocrine function and excretory function. In CKD, the said functions get impaired, that leads to changes in biochemical parameters such as increased concentration of urea and creatinine. Chronic kidney disease also causes hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The aim of the present study was to assess the interrelationship of vitamin D, Parathyroid hormone, Calcium and phosphorus in Stage 3 to Stage 5 chronic kidney disease. The study contains 180 patients in which 45 in control group and 135 will be CKD individuals with stage 3 to stage 5 each stage consisting of 45 each. In all the subjects, serum sample was estimated for blood urea, creatinine, serum calcium and serum phosphorus by using fully automatic chemistry analyzer. Serum Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone are estimated by ELISA. GFR was estimated by the MDRD formula. Data was expressed by Mean ±SD. In the present study, the mean serum calcium and Vitamin D were decreased in stage 3, stage 4 and stage 5 compared with the control and it is statistically significant. The mean phosphorus and parathyroid hormone were increased in stage 3, stage 4 and stage 5 compared with control and it is statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between vitamin D and calcium, and also between parathyroid and Phosphorus. Whereas it showed a negative correlation between vitamin D and Phosphorus and also between Parathyroid and calcium. The assessment of these parameters will be helpful in preventing future risk and also helpful in better life and outcome.