Calcium Phosphorus Research Articles

The influence of silicium compounds on the content of calcium, phosphorus and some lipides in the plasma blood

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of nanotechnology and sodium metasilicate on the content of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus and individual lipids in the blood of rabbits from 52 to 110 days of life. Studies were conducted on young rabbits of Hyla breed in the private sector. Rabbits for the study were selected at the age of 41 days on the principle of analogues, weighing 1.2–1.4 kg, were divided into six groups (control and five experimental), 6 animals (3 males and 3 females) in each. Animals were kept in with adjustable microclimate and illumination in mesh cages measuring 50×120×30 cm, in accordance with modern animal health standards. The control group rabbits were fed without restriction a balanced granular compound feed, with free access to water. Animals I, II, and III of the study groups were fed a control group diet and fed citrate silicon for 24 hours, with a corresponding rate of 25; 50 and 75 µg Si/kg body weight. Young animals of the IV and V experimental groups were fed wit diet of the control group and water was given sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3H2O) in the amount of 2.5 and 5.0 mg Si/kg body weight, respectively. The experiment lasted 68 days, including the preparatory period of 10 days, the experimental period – 58 days. In the preparatory period – at 52 days and experimental at 83 and 110 days of life (31 and 58 days of drinking additives) in 4 animals (2 males and 2 females) from the group blood samples were taken for biochemical studies. Studies have found that the concentration of total calcium in the blood plasma of rabbits III and IV study groups was higher by 9.6 and 6.4% (P < 0.05) for 58 days of the study compared with the control, indicating the stimulating effect of the organic compound silicon to activate the processes of assimilation of this macronutrient in the body of young rabbits. Silicone citrate in the large test quantities and sodium metasilicate in the blood plasma of animals of III, IV and V experimental groups respectively increased the level of inorganic phosphorus by 35.7; 28.5 and 35.7% (P < 0.05) than controls at day 58 of the study. In the final study period, the ratio of Calcium to Phosphorus in the animals of the II – V experimental groups was in the range of 2.0–1.73: 1, indicating a more pronounced effect of silicon compounds on the metabolism of Phosphorus during a longer period of supplementation. The content of triacylglycerols in the blood plasma of rabbits II and III of the experimental groups was lower (P < 0.05) at 31 and 58 days of the study compared with the control. The results obtained may indicate the activation of the processes of metabolic accumulation of plastic components of cell membranes and energy needs of body tissues. The use of silica organic compound reduced the cholesterol content by 37% (P < 0.05) in the blood of rabbits of the III experimental group at 31 days of the study. Whereas at the final stage of the experiment in animals II; In the 3rd and 4th research groups, its level was lower by 43.4; 36.9 and 42.2% (P < 0.05) compared to the control, indicating greater use of cholesterol by the organism with silica organic compound.

Phytate degradation in gnotobiotic broiler chickens and effects of dietary supplements of phosphorus, calcium, and phytase

ABSTRACTGnotobiotic broiler chickens were used to study interactive effects of supplemented phosphorus, calcium (PCa), and phytase (Phy) on myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP6) degradation and release of myo-inositol in the digestive tract. In 2 subsequent runs, the chickens were subjected to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with and without PCa and Phy supplementation. Sanitized eggs were hatched in 8 germfree isolators, and a minimum of 9 male Ross 308 chickens were placed in each pen (total 16 pens). Treatments implemented on day 10 included gamma-irradiated diets without (PCa−; 4.1 g P and 6.2 g Ca/kg DM) or with (PCa+; 6.9 g P and 10.4 g Ca/kg DM) monosodium phosphate and limestone supplementation and without (Phy−) or with (Phy+) 1,500 FTU Phy/kg feed in a factorial arrangement. On day 15, digesta was collected from different sections of the intestinal tract and analyzed for InsP isomers and myo-inositol. The isolators did not remain germfree, but analysis of contaminants and results of InsP degradation indicated no or minor effects of the identified contaminants. Prececal InsP6 disappearance was 42% with the PCa−Phy− treatment and 17% with PCa+Phy−. No InsP3–4 isomers were found in the digesta of the terminal ileum in PCa−Phy−. The concentration of myo-inositol in the ileal digesta from PCa−Phy− (6.1 μmol/g DM) was significantly higher than that from PCa+Phy− (1.7 μmol/g DM), suggesting rapid degradation of the lower InsP isomers by mucosal phosphatases and their inhibition by PCa. Phytase supplementation increased InsP6 disappearance and prevented inhibitory effects of PCa supplements (72% in PCa−Phy+ and 67% in PCa+Phy+). However, PCa supplementation reduced the degradation of lower InsP isomers mainly in the posterior intestinal sections in the presence of Phy, resulting in significantly lower myo-inositol concentrations. It is concluded that mucosa-derived phosphatases might significantly contribute to InsP6 degradation in broiler chickens. The potential of mucosa-derived phosphatases to degrade InsP6 and lower InsP is markedly reduced by dietary PCa supplementation.

THE EFFECT OF DIETARY LEVELS OF CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND CHOLECALCIFEROL ON PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND TIBIA CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKS

A study was conducted to determine the effect of increasing dietary cholecalciferol in deficient calcium and phosphorus broiler diets on productive performance, carcass characteristics and some tibia measurements. A total of 270 one day old Hubbard chicks were weighed and randomly allocated into a completely randomized design (five treatments, six replicate groups, nine chicks in each group). The experimental diets were as follows: (T1) control diet, was formulated according to the manual guide of Hubbard broiler chicks. (T2 to T5) tested diets were containing half of the calcium and available phosphorus requirements with extra levels of cholecalciferol 5000 (T2), 6000 (T3), 7000, (T4) and 8000 (T5) international units. The main results obtained can be summarized as follows: At 6 weeks of age, body weight and gain of birds fed either control or deficient calcium and phosphorus diets with 7000 (T4) and 8000 (T5) I.U. of cholecalciferol were significant heavier than those with 5000 (T2) or 6000 (T3) and consume less feed and gave better feed conversion ratio. The highest production efficiency factors were recorded for the control and T5 groups. Carcass characteristics (dressing % and ready to cook %) were significantly higher in birds fed control or those fed T4 and T5 diets compared with that fed T2 and T3 diets. Tibia breaking strength, tibia length and width of birds fed control or T5 diets were higher than other treatments with significant differences. It could be concluded that using the half requirements of calcium and available phosphorus in broiler diets supplemented with 8000 IU/kg cholecalciferol would have a positive effect on the cost of production of broiler chicks, without any adverse effect on productive performance, carcass and tibia characteristics.

Agroecological substantiation of the sustainable development of arable soil fertility of the Altai dry steppe

The soil resources of the Altai dry steppe (and their fertility in particular) degrade in their evolutionary anthropogenic development. Transformation of fertility is occurring due to a combination of phenomena, such as natural conditions, intensive use, farming system practiced in the absence of science-based regimes. It is established that the humus content and humus horizon thickness are statistically significantly reduced due to the activation of deflation and dehumification processes. More than that, areas of alkaline soils are increasing. The authors also point out to the degrading granulometric composition. Also, the amount of physical clay, silt fractions, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable calcium, potassium, and mobile phosphorus decreases. Statistical processing of fertility parameters of allowed us to develop a scale of process dynamism and establish the degree of dynamism in the considered soil properties, as well as to assess the rate of increasing adverse changes or their absence. Intensity of degradation processes and indicators determining it contributed to the development of levels of agro-ecological state, such as “Norma”, “Risk”, “Krizis” and “Bedstviye” (based on GIS).

EFFECTS OF CALCIUM, AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS AND SODIUM DI-FORMATE LEVELS: 1- PERFORMANCE AND TIBIA MEASUREMENTS OF BROILER CHICKS

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of adding different sodium di-format (NDF) levels in the presence of low levels calcium and available phosphorus diets on broiler productive performance and tibia measurements. A total number of 140 one day old Hubbard broiler chicks were classified into 7 equal groups, each was subdivided into 4 replicates with 5 chicks. The control group was fed standard (starter and grower) diets formulated ensuring sufficient supply of nutrients suggested by the guidebook of Hubbard broilers that contain 100% (Ca and AP) requirements without (NDF) and a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with 3 different levels of Ca & AP being (50%, 40% and 30%) from requirements and 2 levels of dietary NDF (1.5 and 2.25 kg/ ton). Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum throughout the whole experiment which lasted till 35 days of age. The results indicated that: Under the condition of the present study, broiler chicks fed control diets or diets containing 50%, Ca & AP with 2.25 kg/ton (T4) improved productive performance (live body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio) comparable or better than other treatments. Similar trends were observed regarding the effect of previous dietary treatments on tibia bone measurements (Tibia; length and width) and tibia chemical composition (tibia Ca & P) percentages. However, broiler chicks fed (T4) diets during experimental period (35 days) reflected the lowest significant tibia breaking strength and ash% compared with those fed control diets It is obvious that, the best performance was seen when 50% Ca & AP 2.25 kg/ton (NDF) were applied in broiler diets without any adverse effect on productive performance and most of tibia measurements and chemical composition.

Effect of organic manure fertilizer on the growth of Macaranga gigantea

Abstract. Susanto D, Auliana, Kusuma R, Amirta R. 2019. Effect of organic manure fertilizer on the growth of Macaranga gigantea. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 166-171. M. gigantea planting research has been conducted in several habitats such as natural forest gaps, drained peatland and soil with highly degraded land for rehabilitation. This study investigated the effect of organic manure fertilization on soil, tissue chemical properties and growth performance of Macaranga gigantea planted at dense space of 2,5 m x 2,5 m. The experiment used a randomized block design with treatment of fertilization using goat manure with five gradual concentrations namely P0 (0 g), P1 (100 g), P2 (200 g), P3 (300 g) and P4 (400 g) in which each treatment consisted of three groups with 20 replications for each group, totaling 300 seedlings observed. The results showed that organic manure fertilization promoted stem height, stem diameter, leaf number and nutrient concentrations in the leaves of four-month-old M. gigantea. The best growth performance was gained from the treatment of P3 (300 g), followed by P2, P1, P4, and P0. The highest nutrient contained in leave tissue was potassium, followed by calcium, magnesium, nitrogen and available phosphorus.

Imbalance of Th22/Treg cells causes microinflammation in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are of critical functionality in immune activation and inflammation in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). A disruption in balance of Treg cells has potency to elicit infectious disease progression. Here, we examined possible association between ratio imbalance of Th22/Treg cells and microinflammation in uremic patients undergoing HD.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated to allow measurement of the percentage of Th22 cells and Treg cells using flow cytometry. Subsequently, serum levels of related cytokines, interleukin (IL) 22 (IL-22) and IL-10 and inflammatory factors, C-reactive protein (CRP), (TNF-α), IL-6 were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then relationships among dialysis time, microinflammation status (CRP) and dialysis adequacy (immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), urea clearance index (Kt/V), β2-MG, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus) were evaluated. Finally, correlation between microinflammation status and dialysis adequacy was analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: An increased percentage of Th22 and a decreased percentage of Treg cells were evident in uremic patients undergoing HD. Serum levels of IL-22, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were increased, while IL-10 serum level was reduced. An imbalance of Th22/Treg cells was associated with microinflammation status in uremic patients undergoing HD. Furthermore, prolongation of the dialysis time, the microinflammation status and dialysis adequacy were changed. Increased dialysis adequacy was observed to correlate with alleviated microinflammation of uremic patients undergoing HD.Conclusions: Conjointly, an imbalance of Th22/Treg cells may be a potential cause responsible for uremia occurrence, which in turn indicates that uremia could be effectively alleviated by altering the ratio of Th22/Treg cells.

HEADACHE OF A DIAGNOSIS: A CASE OF METASTATIC PULMONARY CALCIFICATION IN A YOUNG END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENT

SESSION TITLE: Wednesday Medical Student/Resident Case Report Posters SESSION TYPE: Med Student/Res Case Rep Postr PRESENTED ON: 10/23/2019 09:45 AM - 10:45 AM INTRODUCTION: Inadequate renal replacement therapy may lead to metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) in end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. MPC is seldom recognized as it is usually asymptomatic. Cough and shortness of breath are uncommon manifestations of MPC. We present a case of symptomatic MPC in a young female diagnosed on CT scan. CASE PRESENTATION: 32 year old non-alcoholic, non-smoker, past history of ESRD (secondary to hypertension) and no previous drug abuse on hemodialysis (HD) for 12 years was referred for a Chest X-ray suggestive of military tuberculosis. She was started on Cefepime before transfer. She reported non-productive cough and dyspnea for 2 months. No previous history of night sweats, fever, chills, weight loss, travel, hemoptysis, exposure to tuberculous contacts, chronic infections, cancer or intake of immunosuppressive medications. She was not compliant with HD. Vitals were within normal limits except for sinus tachycardia. A left upper extremity functional AV fistula was noted and there was a firm non-tender mass in the left infraclavicular region. Her lungs were clear to auscultation with symmetric expansion. Labs showed a white cell count of 12 k/cmm, hemoglobin of 8.5 g/dl, BUN of 65 mg/dl, Cr of 12 mg/dl, phosphorus of 8 mg/dl, Ca of 9.1 mg/dl, albumin of 2.4 g/dl and an elevated PTH of 1318 pg/ml. HRCT of the chest showed multiple bilateral pulmonary micro nodules with heavy and extensive calcifications throughout upper lobes and a big soft tissue calcification in the left infraclavicular region. A 2D ECHO revealed mitral valve calcification. Vancomycin was added to cefepime. Blood cultures and TB quantiferon test were negative. HD and phosphate binders were continued throughout the hospital stay. Bronchoalveolar lavage was negative for mycobacterial, bacterial and fungal infection. During her stay the patient remained afebrile. Considering her history of ESRD and an elevated calcium phosphorus product; diagnosis of MPC was made. Antibiotics were stopped and the patient was counselled on compliance with HD and medications. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) revealed restrictive defect with decreased diffusion capacity. DISCUSSION: MPC is most likely to develop when calcium phosphorus product exceeds 70. Mean onset of MPC from diagnosis of ESRD is 22.6 +/- 3.1 years. Most patients are asymptomatic with normal PFTs. Rarely they may have restrictive defect on PFTs. HRCT is highly sensitive. The differential diagnosis includes granulomatous infections, viral infections, pneumocystis jiroveci, silicosis, metastatic malignancy and alveolar microlithiasis. No definitive treatment is available. CONCLUSIONS: MPC is relatively common at autopsy (60-70%) in patients with ESRD, but clinical manifestations are infrequent. ESRD patients on HD who are inadequately treated and present with cough, dyspnea and lung calcification, MPC should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Reference #1: Jost, R. Gilbert, and Stuart S. Sagel. "Metastatic calcification in the lung apex.” American Journal of Roentgenology 133.6 (1979): 1188-1190. Reference #2: Belém, Luciana Camara, et al. "Metastatic pulmonary calcification: state-of-the-art review focused on imaging findings.” Respiratory medicine 108.5 (2014): 668-676. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Ghulam Aftab, source=Web Response

Influence of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexon quail blood parameters and weight characteristics

We studied the chronic toxicity of the compounds of Iron(iv). We monitored the dynamics of the body weight, relative weight coefficients of the internal organs, the content of the hemoglobin, the morphological parameters of blood, and biochemical parameters of serum of blood of quails after use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes at the doses 1/10 and 1/5 DL50 them for 30 days. Daily drinking of quails of experimental groups of solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes3 at the doses 76.43 and 152.86 mg/kg of body weight caused the reduction of body weight by 3 and 5% respectively on the thirtieth day. A tendency to increase the relative weight of the kidneys and to decrease the relative weight of the liver, heart and spleen showed an excessive load of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes on the internal organs of quails. Hemoglobin in the blood of the quails of the experimental groups was less by 2-34% (P 0.05) than the control indicator but the indicator of the number of erythrocytes in the quails of the control and experimental groups for 30 days was within the physiological values. The use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused the development of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and short-term hypoglycemia in the serum of the blood of the quails of the experimental groups. Changes in an activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase for 30 days were not expressed, but the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher compared to the control indicators during the experimental period. Drinking the solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused hypercreatinemia and hyperuricemia, which indicates a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidney glomeruli. We have seen an increase in the levels total Calcium and inorganic Phosphorus.

Уроцистит у собак (клініко-лабораторна діагностика)

Проаналізовано, породну схильність собак, які найчастіше хворіють на уроцистит. Встановлено, що у собак з діагностованим циститом проявляється субфебрильна температура, помірна тахікардія і тахіпноє неспокій при позивах до сечовиділення, странгурія, полакіурія, мимовільне виділення мутної сечі, а в окремих із них діагностували збільшення в об’ємі та болючість передміхурової залози. В крові собак, хворих на уроцистит виявлено значні зміни в морфологічному складі крові, а саме низьку кількість еритроцитів та низький вміст гемоглобіну і значно вищу кількість лейкоцитів, нейтрофілію зі зростанням паличкоядерних та появою юних нейтрофілів порівняно із здоровими тваринами. У сироватці крові собак, хворих на уроцистит виявлено помірне збільшення білка за рахунок збільшення глобулінової фракції, підвищення активності АлАТ, АсАТ, ЛФ та зниження вмісту загального кальцію і неорганічного фосфору. У собак, хворих на уроцистит у сечі виявили різке збільшення водневого показника, помутніння сечі, іноді домішки слизу та різкий запах аміаку, білок уробіліноген, білірубін, нітрити, появу значної кількості осаду у вигляді згустку гною та слизу.

Mechanical properties of natural hydroxyapatite using low cold compaction pressure: Effect of sintering temperature

This study describes the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructural, calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ion ratios and mechanical properties of non-separated biowastes processed hydroxyapatite (HAp) prepared through a low cold compaction protocol. The HAp was produced by a sintering temperature of 900 °C. Furthermore, HAp sintered at 900 °C was subjected to sintering temperatures of 1000 and 1100 °C.The structural and morphological evolution of the fabricated biomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) respectively. Uniaxial compaction using a pressure of 500 pa was used to produce rectangular shaped pellets to investigate the influence of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties of the produced pellets. From XRD analysis, it was found that hydroxyapatite derived from the biowastes showed good thermal stability and did not exhibit phase instability with traces of other calcium phosphates. The SEM micrographs showed microporous structure of the biomaterials and an increase in temperature reduced the porosity and enhanced the mechanical properties. It was also noticed that the trend of transformation of the average shape of pores was from strongly flattened to round at higher sintering temperatures. Electron dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) revealed that the atomic Ca/P ratios of the as-sintered HAp specimens ranged from 1.58 to 1.79 for sintering temperatures of 900–1100 °C. The synthesized hydroxyapatite powder showed inclusion of the fluorapatite phase at sintering temperature of 1000 °C with a reduction in the crystallite size. For both scenarios (sintering temperature and compaction pressure), a consistent trend in mechanical properties (microhardness, fracture toughness and Young's modulus) is noticed at every point of measurement except for compressive strength. The reduction in compressive strength when compaction pressure was applied could be as a result of the stress induced in the HAp powders during compaction which may have made it more susceptible to cracks. The hardness value obtained for the synthesized hydroxyapatite pellets is in the range of that of actual human femoral cortical bone.

Developing a novel oral vitamin D3 intake bioassay to re-evaluate the vitamin D3 requirement for modern broiler chickens.

The present study was conducted to develop a non-traditional vitamin D3 (D3) intake bioassay with the objective of increasing the precision of D3 delivery to the chickens. For this purpose, newly hatched chickens (5 birds per cage) were allocated in battery brooders and randomly distributed into 8 treatments and 6 replicates per treatment. A basal corn-soy diet devoid of D3 containing calculated calcium and non-phytate phosphorus concentrations of 0.90 and 0.45%, respectively, was fed throughout a 21-D period. The first 9 D of the study served to deplete the maternal stores of D3 followed by a 12-h fasting period. From day 10 to the end of the trial, the birds were gavaged with graded levels of D3 obtained from a highly purified pharmaceutical grade D3 standard (99.8%) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and dissolved in corn oil. Daily gavage treatments were based on estimated intake of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, and 3,200 IU D3/kg of feed consumed over the last 12 D of the study. Precise cholecalciferol intake per kg of diet was adjusted based on actual daily feed intake per pen of birds. Performance data were evaluated from day 10 to 21. Percent tibia bone ash (TBA), tibia breaking strength (TBS), total mineral content, and total bone mineral density were obtained at day 21. The D3 treatments improved (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency. There was no linear or quadratic effect for any of the productivity performance variables. Graded levels of D3 improved (P < 0.05) TBA and TBS. Both were linearly increased (P < 0.05) in response to graded levels of D3. A quadratic response was observed for TBS only. Under the conditions of the present experiment and the average of 3 regression models, the D3 requirement for starter broilers was estimated at 285 IU D3/kg of feed when bone mineralization responses (TBA and TBS) were used as criteria to estimate the requirement.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ХЛЕБА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ПОЛИКОМПОЗИТНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ И БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС ДОБРОВОЛЬЦЕВ

Development of bakery product variety for healthy eating is one of the actual tasks facing the modern food industry and science. A polycomposite mixture for rye-wheat bakery products was created using the software, which takes into account the basic principles of food combinatorics, as well as the technological potential of prescription components. A set of methods was used to determine the chemical composition of bread and its functional qualities. The study of health effects of bread on body’s status was carried out on a group of female volunteers. Assessment of life quality was conducted a questionnaire-survey method using the SF-36 questionnaire «Test for evaluation of life quality». The results of the study showed that according to the chemical composition, the rate of satisfaction with daily requirements for basic nutrients a new bakery product corresponds to the category of functional food products on the content of calcium phosphorus, magnesium and dietary fiber. Introducing to the developed type of bread into the diet improves the quality of life due to a significant increase in mental health indicators and the level of physical functioning, which affects the psycho-emotional state and motor activity of volunteers.

Effects of compound organic acid calcium on growth performance, hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier of male broilers under heat stress.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of compound organic acid calcium (COAC) on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant status and intestinal barrier of male broilers under high ambient temperature (32.7°C).MethodsNine hundred healthy one-d-old Cobb-500 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned into three groups with six replicates of 50 birds each. A basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.4% and 0.8% COAC, respectively were fed to birds for 6 weeks. All treatments were under high ambient indoor temperature of 32.7°C, and had a constant calcium and available phosphorus ratio.ResultsThe results showed that, compared with control, the average daily gain of broilers in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly increased and the ratio of feed to gain in in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly decreased at 1 to 21, 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age (p<0.05). Compared with control, 0.8% COAC slightly decreased (p = 0.093) the content of malondialdehyde in liver at 42 days of age while 0.4% COAC significantly decreased (p<0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, 0.4% COAC significantly enhanced the intestinal barrier function via increasing jejunal and ileal ocln transcription, promoting jejunal mucin 2 transcription at 42 days of age (p<0.05), and decreasing jejunal toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and ileal TLR-15, inducible nitric oxide synthase compared with control group (p<0.05). Whereas, no significant differences on the transcription of interleukin-1β in jejunum and ileum were observed among three treatments (p>0.05). Overall, heat stress caused by high natural environment temperature may induce the damage to hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier.ConclusionDietary inclusion of COAC can improve the tolerance of broilers to thermal environment through the modification of antioxidative parameters in liver and the mRNA expression of genes in intestinal barrier, resulting in an optimal inclusion level of 0.4%.

Kandungan Kalsium (C) dan Fospor (P) Silase Kombinasi Jerami Padi dan Daun Lamtoro Sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminansia

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the calcium (Ca) content and phosphorus (p) silage combination of rice straw and lamtoro leaves as a good feed for ruminants. The Research Method used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 3 times namely J0 = 100% Rice Straw + 0% Leucaena Leaves (Control), J1 = 60% Rice Straw + 40% Leucaena Leaves, J2 = 70% Rice Straw + 30% Leucaena Leaf and J3 = 80% Rice Straw + 20% Leucaena Leaf. The results showed that the combination of rice straw silage and lamtoro leaves showed that there was a very significant effect (P &lt;0.01) on calcium (ca) and phosphorus (p) on rice straw and lamtoro leaves. The average value of calcium from highest to lowest is J1 (0.86%), J2 (0.82%), J3 (0.75%) and J0 (0.59%). The highest to lowest phosphorus values were J1 (0.29%), J2 (0.27%), J3 (0.23%) and J0 (0.19%). From the results of the study, it is known that the best treatment and can be recommended is J1 treatment consisting of 60% rice straw and 40% lamtoro leaves.Keywords: Rice Straw; Lamtoro Leaves; Silage; Calcium; Phosphor; Ruminant animals

Prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced mice with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

ABSTRACTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) frequently starts in young adulthood. Demyelination, inflammatory and axonal damage in the CNS is the pathological hallmark of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vitamin D3) is involved in calcium regulation, phosphorus homeostasis, and bone mineralization. In addition, vitamin D3 has potential inhibitory effects on immune cells in various inflammatory and autoimmunity disease.C57BL/6 female mice were divided into prevention groups (low, middle and high doses) and treatment groups (middle and high doses). Prevention groups received vitamin D3 2 weeks before EAE induction, and treatment groups were treated with vitamin D3 simultaneous with EAE induction. Vitamin D3 inhibits the development of EAE in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies revealed reduced demyelination and limited infiltration into CNS, moreover vitamin D3 increased the production of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β, while a significant reduction in the production of IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 was observed. Flow cytometry results for CD4+ T cell subsets in compliance with ELISA cytokine assay results showed a significant decrease in the percentage of Th1 and Th17, but also a significant increase in the percentage of Th2 and Treg for middle and high dose vitamin D3 treated mice. Real-time PCR results indicated that middle and high dose vitamin D3 treatment reduced T-bet and ROR-γt expression, but enhanced GATA3 and Foxp3 expression. Real-Time PCR results in CNS for T cell subsets related cytokines and transcription factors supported the results of flow cytometry and ELISA. This study indicated that middle and high doses of vitamin D3 deviate the balance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg to Th2 and Treg. Moreover, vitamin D3 could reduce the incidence and severity of EAE clinical disease.

Effects of ultrasonic treatment and current density on the properties of hydroxyapatite coating via electrodeposition and its in vitro biomineralization behavior.

In this study, ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition is used to prepare uniform and smooth hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the surface of the braids, which can be potentially applied as biodegradable bone scaffolds. During the electro-deposition process, the ultrasonic power (0 W and 20 W) and current density (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mA/cm2) are altered in order to evaluate their influences on the properties of HA coating over the braid surface. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images show that the crystals growth stages of HA include spherical particles, plate-like and needle-like crystals when electro-deposited for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. In particular, when electro-deposited for 60 min, the needle-like structure of HA coatings shows a significant increase in density as a result of increasing the current density or the employment of ultrasonic treatment. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results show that when the current density increases from 2.5 mA/cm2 to 7.5 mA/cm2, the grain size decreases from 413.65 ± 63.12 nm to 264.56 ± 65.33 nm. With the aid of ultrasonic treatment, the HA coating demonstrates a calcium‑phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio that resembles that of the human skeleton being 1.67. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results show the highest crystallinity reaches 73.52% at 7.5 mA/cm2-20 W. The cavitation effect of ultrasonic can improve the roughness of HA coating distinctively. Finally, the 7-day immersion into simulated body fluid (SBF) demonstrated a denser and finer apatite precipitation on the HA coating fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition. Therefore, this study provides a feasible ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition method that yields a good morphology of bioactive substances coating over braid or other rugged deposition substrate for potential degradable bone scaffolds.

Status of metabolic processes in horses during spring period

The purpose of these studies was to determine status of metabolic processes in clinically healthy horses of sport breeds in spring period. Blood samples for biochemical studies were collected from 12 clinically healthy 7–9 month-old stallions of Ukrainian horse breed at Dnipropetrovsk region equestrian club. Protein (albumin, globulin, urea and creatinine) and mineral (common calcium and inorganic phosphorus) metabolic statuses, level of glucose, vitamins A and E and acid, as well as activity of hepatospecific enzymes (ALT, AST and AP) were determined using common techniques. It has been found that common protein level was within the limits of physiologic norm, although the level of albumins was decreased at the average rate of 12.0%, and the level of β- and γ-globulins was increased at the average rates of 5.2 and 11.3% respectively. AST activity was decreased at the rate of 38.0% regarding to physiological norm. Thereby, urea and creatinine concentrations were within the referent levels. Hyperglycaemia was observed in 50.0% of tested animals with maximal excess at the rate of 44.0%. Also, decreasing of common calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels was determined at the rate of 16.0 and 58.6%, vitamins А and Е — at the rate of 64.0 and 48,6% respectively, in comparison to lower level of physiological norm. The average index of acid capacity reached maximal referent levels. At the same time, it was increased in 33.3% of animals. Therefore, detected changes in biochemical indices in horse blood evidence that various metabolic disorders progress in clinically healthy stallions at spring and may furtherly lead to the appearance of metabolic syndrome

Distribution of phosphorus species and their release risks in the surface sediments from different reaches along Yellow River.

In order to further explore the relationship between water body eutrophication of some reaches of Yellow River and phosphorus species in sediments, and evaluate phosphorus release potential from sediments to overlying water, we investigated the distribution of P species and their release risk in the surface sediments from different reaches along Yellow River, as well as the influence of artificial dam on phosphorus cycle in Yellow River. The results show that the content of calcium phosphorus (PCa) is higher than the content of bioavailable phosphorus (BP) (BP = Pex + PFe; in the formula, Pex means exchangeable phosphorus and PFe means iron phosphorus) in the surface sediments from Yellow River. Among all the surface sediment samples from 21 stations, only Dayudu section (H15) has a ratio of W (BP)/W (PCa) higher than 0.5; the results show that the intensity of phosphorus release from H15 is high, and there is a potential risk of eutrophication in water, while the phosphorus release level of water sediment in other reaches of Yellow River is low. The content of BP and total phosphorus (∑P) in surface sediments along the Yellow River is in descending order: middle reaches of Yellow River > upper reaches of Yellow River > Yellow River downstream, while the content order of total phosphorus (TP) in the overlying water is as follows: Yellow river downstream > middle reaches of Yellow River > upper reaches of Yellow River (except the H7 station), indicating that extensive artificial corresponding damming in Yellow River basin makes the concentration of TP increasing significantly in overlying from upstream to downstream. The establishment of Haibowan water conservancy project in Yellow River makes the total particulate matter (TPM) concentration in the water to reduce to very low lever in Wuhai H7 section, and the phosphorus concentration in the overlying water reaches 0.136 mg L-1.

Nutritional Intake and Bone Health Among Adults With Probable Undiagnosed, Untreated Celiac Disease: What We Eat in America and NHANES 2009–2014

Objective: The aim was to evaluate differences in nutritional intake of calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus; serologic indices of these nutrients; and bone health among adults with and without probable, undiagnosed celiac disease (CD).Method: Cross-sectional data from What We Eat in America and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014 including self-reported dietary and supplement intake from one day of 24-hour recalls, serologic indicators, and dual x-ray absorptiometry scans were analyzed in adults with probable undiagnosed CD, who tested positive on the immunoglobulin A endomysial antibody assay (n = 48) and controls (n = 13,634). Statistical analysis included multiple linear regression modeling controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, energy intake, and poverty income ratio.Results: The prevalence of probable undiagnosed CD was 1 in 285. Probable CD status was associated with a 251.6 mg (95% confidence interval [CI], 72.3–432.9) higher daily total calcium intake. The total dietary and supplement intake of those with probable CD was significantly higher in calcium density (103.4 mg/1,000 kcal; 95% CI, 25.6–181.1) and phosphorus density (46.7 mg/1,000 kcal; 95% CI, 3.1–90.3). Probable CD status was associated with higher dairy consumption by 0.7 cups per day (95% CI, 0.2–1.2) and higher serum phosphorus concentrations (4.0 mg/dL vs 3.8 mg/dL, p = 0.011). No differences in serum calcium, vitamin D, or alkaline phosphatase levels were observed between groups. Probable CD status was also associated with a −0.1 g/cm2 (95% CI, −0.2 to −0.0) lower femur bone mineral density (BMD) and a −0.1 g/cm2 (95% CI, −0.1 to −0.0) lower femoral neck BMD. No differences in total spine BMD were observed.Conclusions: Adults with probable undiagnosed CD had lower bone density than adults without CD, despite also reporting higher total calcium intake and nutritional density of both calcium and phosphorus.