Calcium Levels In Women Research Articles

Classification of Laboratory Test Outcomes for Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients Using Cellular Bioelectrical Measurements.

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients often face complications like anemia, malnutrition, and cardiovascular issues. Serological tests, which are uncomfortable and not frequently conducted, assist in medical assessments. A non-invasive, convenient method for determining these test results would be beneficial for monitoring patient health. This study develops machine learning models to estimate key serological test results using non-invasive cellular bioelectrical impedance measurements, a routine procedure for ESKD patients. The study employs two machine learning models, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF), to determine key serological tests by classifying cell bioelectrical indicators. Data from 688 patients, comprising 3,872 biochemical-bioelectrical records, were used for model validation. Both SVM and RF models effectively categorized key serological results (albumin, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone) into low, normal, and high. RF generally outperformed SVM, except in classifying calcium levels in women. The machine learning models effectively classified serological test results for maintenance hemodialysis patients using cellular bioelectrical indicators, therefore can help in making judgments about physicochemical indicators using electrical signals, thereby reducing the frequency of serological tests.

Optimalisasi Pencegahan Osteoporosis Melalui Pemeriksaan Kalsium Pada Wanita Subur Dan Wanita Menopause Di Kelurahan Kemantren Cirebon

Maintaining a balance of calcium levels at a young age is proportional to the high or low risk of developing bone mass loss disease. More than 30% of menopausal women over the age of 50 are at risk of developing osteoporosis due to low calcium levels. Decreased bone mass due to low calcium levels can affect anyone, including women of childbearing age. In fertile women who are still producing the hormone estrogen when entering the menstrual phase, especially before menstruation, calcium levels can decrease. Although it is still in the normal range, calcium itself can have an effect, one of which brings symptoms that lead to a calcium deficiency condition. This activity aims to determine blood calcium levels in women of childbearing age and in menopausal women so that osteoporosis can be prevented in Kemantren Village, Cirebon Regency. The method of this activity is by conducting observations, interviews and blood calcium examinations. The results of the activity were carried out on 30 samples of women of childbearing age and 30 samples of menopausal women from Kemantren Village, Cirebon Regency. The average value of blood calcium levels in women of childbearing age was 8.83 mg/dL with the highest and lowest blood calcium levels of 10.80 mg/dL and 6.67 mg/dL, respectively. The conclusion of this activity is that fertile and menopausal women are known to have normal calcium levels.

Comparison of Mean Serum Calcium Levels in Pregnancy with and without Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Aim: To compare mean serum calcium levels in pregnancy, with and without pregnancy induced hypertension. Study design: A Cohort study was done. Place and duration of study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore Unit III, from 1st January 2021 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients with gestational age between 28 to 40 weeks, were included in the present study, 100 patients in group A (hypertension) and 100 in group B (normotensive). Results: The mean age of patients in group-A and group-B was 28.87 ± 4.32 years and 27.49±4.80 years respectively. The mean gestational age in group-A was 35.86±1.86 weeks and in group B was 35.90±1.36 weeks. The mean serum calcium level was 7.26±0.80mg in group A and 8.94±0.53mg in group B which is statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that serum calcium levels in women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) are lower than in normal pregnant women. The calcium supplementation appears to reduce the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension. Therefore, calcium consumption in pregnancy should be encouraged, especially during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Keywords: Hypocalcemia, pregnancy induced hypertension, Normotensive patients.

Estimation of Urinary Calcium as a Predictor of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Hypertensive diseases are still a leading cause of death among mothers all over the world. It’s complicated aetiology, which begins with aberrant placentation and ends with endothelial dysfunction, is yet unknown. The goal of this study is to learn about changes in serum and urine calcium levels in women who have Gestational Hypertension. 200 normotensive pregnant women between 24-28 weeks were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Urine calcium and creatinine and serum uric acid, total protein, albumin and serum sodium were estimated in corresponding samples collected from patients. The study showed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 71%, positive predictive value was 77%, negative predictive value 74%, and diagnostic accuracy as 74%. A single estimation of calcium to creatinine ratio in asymptomatic pregnant women between 24-28 week of gestation is a simple and cost-effective test.

Plasma Calcium Levels in Preeclampsia Versus Normotensive Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Hospital: A Comparative Study

AbstractThe role of calcium supplementation in pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia is conflicting. The goal was to determine if there was significant difference between plasma calcium levels in women with preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women. This was a cross-sectional study of 90 consecutive preeclamptic and 90 normotensive pregnant. Blood samples were taken from them and the plasma isolated from each was analyzed using colorimetric method for calcium and albumin employing calcium kit, albumin kit and spectrum lab 7225 spectro-photometer set (Bran Scientific and Instrument Company, England). The data was analysed using SPSS version 16. Their mean ages were 28.67 ± 5.23 and 28.33 ± 5.06 years respectively (preeclamptic vs. normotensive women respectively; P = 0.688). Majority of them were nullipara (48, 53.3% and 46, 51.1% of preeclamptic and normotensive women respectively). The mean gestational age of the preeclamptic women was 36.38 ± 2.54 weeks while that of the normotensive women was 36.24 ± 2.34 years, (P = 0.715). The plasma calcium level in preeclamptic women was significantly lower than in normotensive pregnant women (2.07 ± 0.318 mmol/L vs. 2.41 ± 0.224 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Preeclamptic women have significantly lower plasma calcium levels than normotensive pregnant women in our community. Routine calcium supplementation for pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia is therefore recommended.

Status of Serum Vitamin D and Calcium Levels in Women of Reproductive Age in National Capital Territory of India.

Context:In India, Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem, associated with lack of sunlight exposure in spite of abundant sunshine usually accompanied by reduced dietary intake. In women of reproductive age, Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Aims:The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the levels of serum Vitamin D 25(OH) D and calcium in women of reproductive age from India.Settings and Design:A cross-sectional study was carried on a total of 224 healthy nonpregnant and nonlactating women in the reproductive age group of 20–49 years.Materials and Methods:Demographic, socioeconomic class, and biochemical parameters for the estimation of serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels in women of reproductive age were studied.Statistical Analysis:Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 was utilized for conducting the statistical analysis of the data.Results:Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was present in 88% of women. Women from middle socioeconomic class had the lowest mean serum 25(OH) D levels (9.6 ± 6 ng/ml) as compared to women from upper middle (11.4 ± 8 ng/ml), lower (11.2 ± 8 ng/ml), and upper (10 ± 8.6 ng/ml) socioeconomic class. Serum calcium levels were found in the normal range of 8.5–10.5 mg/dl for all the study subjects.Conclusions:There is a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among women of reproductive age. These women may possibly have a higher risk of development of osteoporosis and pregnancy-related complications in future life.

A comparative study of the ionic and total calcium levels in women with thyroid dysfunction

Background: Thyroid hormones play an important role in the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorous levels. A person with thyroid dysfunction may exhibit symptoms that are owing to the alteration in calcium levels. Objective: To evaluate the effect of thyroid function on the total and ionic calcium levels in women with thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods: The study group included three groups: group I (clinically proven healthy controls), group II (hyperthyroidism), and group III (hypothyroidism) with 45 subjects in each group. Estimation of the biochemical parameters was done by standard methods, and the level of ionic calcium was calculated using a formula. Result: Serum total calcium and ionic calcium were significantly decreased in hypothyroidism group subjects when compared with hyperthyroidism and healthy control subjects. In groups II and III, the total calcium was inversely correlated with the thyroid stimulating hormone level. Conclusion: Our study showed that there is an association between the serum calcium levels and thyroid function. However, there is no marked difference between the total and ionic calcium levels in thyroid dysfunction.

Urinary calcium levels in women treated with calcium and vitamin D supplements

Objective: The principal aim of the study was to evaluate the calcium levels in urine in those women in treatment with calcium and vitamin D Supplements. Other objectives were to determine the association between urinary calcium levels and calcium and vitamin D ingested doses, and the relationship between the daily intake and calcium levels in urine. Methods: To achieve these objectives we determinate the calcium levels in urine collected for 24h in those women with treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplements during the last year (57 women since April 2014–December 2014). The variables measured were: age, urinary Calcium levels in urine collected for 24h (measured in mg/dl) doses of calcium and vitamin D supplements that women are taking per day, daily intake of milk (nulle: 0 UU/day; low: 1 UU/day; moderate: 2 UU/day; high: 3 UU/day or more). Results: The mean age in women included in this study was 66 with a range between 46 and 88. The 14.3% of women that are taking calcium and vitamin D supplements had a urinary calcium levels inurinegreater than250mg. The2.6%ofwomen in treatment with calcium and vitamin D supplements were taking more than 1000mg of elemental calcium per day and the 69.6%of them were taking more than 800 UU/day. We did not find significantly differences between the urinary calcium levels and the doses of calcium and/or vitamin D that these women were taking in supplements. The 51.8%of women included in this study had a nulle or low daily intake of milk and only the 1.8%of them had a high daily intake.We did not find significantly differences between the calcium levels in urine (24h) and daily intake. Conclusions: Only a very low percentage of women in treatmentwith calcium and/or vitaminD supplements had pathological urinary calcium levels (≥250mg/dl) after a year. We did not find that a higher intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements were correlated with elevated urinary calcium levels.

The relationship between serum calcium level and early-phase insulin secretion in normoglycemic and pre-diabetic individuals.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to altered calcium metabolism. However, little is known about the relationship between serum calcium levels and early-phase insulin secretion in subjects with normoglycemic tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes (preDM). In this gender-separated cross-sectional study, 352 subjects with NGT (215 men and 137 women; age: 48.8±9.1 years and 51.6±6.7 years, respectively) and 316 subjects with preDM (231 men and 85 women; age: 52.5±8.6 years and 54.2±8.0 years, respectively) were examined. Following a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, early-phase insulin secretion was estimated using the insulinogenic index (IGI) [ΔInsulin(30-0 min)/ΔGlucose(30-0 min)]. Simple linear regression analysis showed that IGI was positively correlated with serum calcium and albumin-adjusted calcium levels in men with NGT and preDM. However, IGI was not correlated with calcium levels in women with NGT and preDM. Multivariate linear regression analysis of men with NGT revealed that the albumin-adjusted calcium level was the major predictor of IGI, responsible for 5.1% of its variation (P=0.003). In addition, in men with preDM, the albumin-adjusted calcium level was one of the predictors of IGI, responsible for 3.8% of its variation (P=0.004). These associations were independent of age, BMI, and HbA1c. In non-diabetic Japanese men, serum calcium levels significantly correlate with early-phase insulin secretion. Serum calcium levels may be an independent predictor of β-cell function in men.

Calcium homeostasis in a patient with hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy, lactation and menstruation

Abstract Objective To report a case of hypoparathyroidism post-thyroidectomy in a woman with variable calcium requirements during pregnancy Methods Clinical and biochemical data were reviewed, and management of hypocalcaemia is described. Results We report on a 37-year-old pregnant woman with hypoparathyroidism post-thyroidectomy who had been on stable doses of calcitriol and calcium for many years. During her first pregnancy, her calcium requirement increased; however, she was found to be hypercalcaemic peripartum. She resumed menstruation while breastfeeding and experienced hypocalcaemic symptoms around menstruation. Her second pregnancy was complicated by profound symptomatic hypocalcaemia at 9 weeks of pregnancy, coinciding with the cessation of breastfeeding and mimicking ‘hungry bone syndrome’. This has not been described previously. Conclusion Our case confirms that the calcium requirement is increased during early pregnancy and after weaning but is decreased during late pregnancy, puerperium and lactation. This case highlights the importance of close follow-up of calcium levels in women with hypoparathyroidism during gestation and lactation, especially for consecutive pregnancies.

Urinary calcium excretion in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia

Urinary calcium levels in women with mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and eclampsia were evaluated in this study. We collected 24-h urine samples from 35 mild preeclamptic (Group 1), 30 severe preeclamptic (Group 2), and 17 eclamptic patients (Group 3). The control group (Group 4) consisted of 35 healthy pregnant women. Serum levels of total calcium and creatinine, and urinary calcium were measured. These values were compared in the four groups. The mean maternal age and parity were similar in all groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the serum levels of total calcium and creatinine (p > 0.05). Urinary calcium excretion in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia was significantly lower than in controls (p < 0.0001). Urinary calcium levels between mild preeclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia, and severe preeclampsia and eclampsia were similar (p > 0.05), but were lower in eclampsia than in mild preeclampsia (p < 0.05). In conclusion, urinary calcium excretion is reduced in patients with severe preeclampsia or eclampsia. However, the decrease in urinary calcium excretion cannot be used to identify the severity of preeclampsia, or to predict impending eclampsia.