Calcium Intake Research Articles

Persistent Calcium Inadequacy in Korean Adults over 20 Years: Analysis of the 1998–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Calcium inadequacy in Asian populations has been well documented, but whether it has improved over time remains uncertain. We analyzed dietary calcium intake and its association with osteoporosis prevalence over a 20-year period in 48,653 adults (21,932 men and 26,721 women, aged 19 years and older) in Korea, using data from the first to the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998–2018). Over the past 20 years, Korean adults consistently fell short of the recommended dietary calcium intake, with women and older adults particularly affected, typically consuming only 40–80% of the recommended levels. The 30–49 age group had the highest calcium intake (497–568 mg/day), while those aged 75+ had the lowest (319–457 mg/day). A significant inverse relationship was found between calcium intake and osteoporosis risk, with lower calcium intake associated with higher odds of developing osteoporosis, as determined by both physician diagnoses and bone mineral density measurements (p < 0.001). Notably, over the past 20 years, 68–70% of dietary calcium consistently came from plant-based foods. This study strongly emphasizes the urgent need to enhance calcium-rich food availability and implement targeted interventions to increase calcium intake among those most affected by inadequacy, particularly the elderly and women. Further research with recent data would be valuable for understanding current intake levels and evolving nutritional needs.

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy has no impact on postpartum transient longitudinal changes in hip geometry in adolescent mothers: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

We have previously demonstrated that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during adolescent pregnancy reduces the magnitude of transient postpartum bone mass loss. In the present post hoc analysis, we further investigated the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in hip geometry throughout one year postpartum in Brazilian adolescents with low daily calcium intake (∼600 mg/d). Pregnant adolescents (14-19 years) were randomly assigned to receive calcium (600 mg/d) plus vitamin D3 (200 μg/d) or a placebo from 26 weeks of gestation until parturition. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images were obtained at 5 (n 30 and 26 for calcium plus vitamin D and placebo, respectively), 20 (n 26 and 21) and 56 (n 18 and 12) weeks postpartum, and hip geometry parameters were analysed by Advanced Hip Assessment software. The effects of the intervention, time point and their interaction were assessed using repeated-measures mixed-effects models. No significant intervention effects or intervention × time interactions were observed on hip geometry parameters (P > 0·05). Time effects were observed in cross-sectional area, cross-sectional moment of inertia and section modulus parameters with decreases from the 5th to the 20th week postpartum followed by recovery from the 20th to the 56th week (P < 0·05). Our findings indicate that the postpartum period is associated with transient changes in the hip geometry of lactating adolescent mothers, regardless of the low calcium intake and the supplementation offered during pregnancy, suggesting that a physiological adaptation of these adolescents to low calcium intake is at play.

Dietary Calcium Intake and Association with Serum Calcium in Healthy Urban North Indian Adults: The Calcium-Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study

Abstract Introduction: Data on dietary calcium intake (DCI) from healthy North Indian adults are limited. Hence, the present study aims to assess DCI in healthy community-dwelling adults residing in an affluent North Indian city and correlate with serum biochemical parameters. Methods: Healthy men and women were recruited from the community by door-to-door surveys. Serum total calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and iPTH were estimated. DCI was assessed by recalling the diet consumed in the previous 7 days. Results: A total of 291 participants were included (mean age = 39.4 ± 12.9 years). The mean (± standard deviation) and median (inter-quartile range) DCI were 392.6 ± 169.1 mg/day and 391 (274-518) mg/day, respectively. DCI was higher in men compared with women. Only 21.3% of participants had DCI more than RDA (600 mg/day). Serum calcium was found to be significantly higher across each quartile of DCI. On multiple linear regression analysis, DCI emerged as an independent positive predictor of serum total calcium. Conclusion: DCI is low in urban Indians. Promotion of consumption of dairy products and fortification of commonly consumed foods with calcium is needed.

Sex-Specific Impact of Serum Calcium Levels on Acute Coronary Syndrome Risk: A 19-Year Cohort Study in Korea.

Background: This study aims to investigate the association between serum calcium levels and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk, examining whether this relationship differs by sex, given the known differences in calcium metabolism and hormonal influences between males and females. Methods: Utilizing the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES) prospective cohort data, our primary exposure variables were serum calcium level and sex. The incidence of ACS served as the main outcome of interest. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression analysis. An interaction analysis was conducted to assess the interaction effect of calcium level and sex on ACS incidence. Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, high calcium intake did not significantly increase ACS incidence, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.90-1.26). There was also no significant difference in ACS risk between females and males (HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.61-1.04). However, interaction effect analysis revealed that higher calcium levels were associated with an increased risk of ACS only in females (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07-1.58), whereas the association in males was not statistically significant (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71-1.15). Conclusion: Our study results indicate that elevated serum calcium levels alone did not independently increase the risk of ACS; however, high serum calcium levels were associated with an increased risk of ACS in females but not in males, underscoring the importance of sex-specific factors in assessing and managing ACS risk and highlighting the necessity for personalized medical approaches to improve cardiovascular health outcomes for women.

Population-based dietary risks for kidney stones

Introduction: In the context of the increasing incidence of kidney stones, we aimed to assess the percentage of the population who are eating an at-risk diet for kidney stones and to understand the baseline diet for future counseling. Methods: The 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey, a national, cross-sectional instrument administered by Statistics Canada and Health Canada, was queried. Intake of relevant nutrients was compared to dietary risk factors for kidney stone formation. Factors associated with nutrient intake were analyzed in a multivariable regression. Results: Data for 14 275 participants was included, of whom 24% consumed &gt;2.5 of fluid per day and 9.4% consumed 1000–1200 mg of dietary calcium; 53.9% consumed too much sodium but 61% of the population had the recommended protein intake. Ninety-nine percent (99%) of the population had at least one dietary risk factor for kidney stone formation, while 92% had two or more risk factors. Fluid, sodium, calcium, and protein intake increased significantly with education level, income, and if employed (p&lt;0.05 for all); however, fluid, protein, and sodium intake were lower in patients with hypertension and heart disease (p&lt;0.05 for all). Conclusions: While only a subset of the population will develop stones, this study shows that 99% of the population has a diet that elevates the risk of stone disease. As the incidence of kidney stones increases, population-based dietary interventions should be considered. Furthermore, clinicians may use these data to understand the average diet as a starting point for questioning and counseling patients.

Association between dietary calcium intake and constipation in a metabolic syndrome population: evidence from NHANES 2005–2010

BackgroundThe global prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is increasing, primarily characterized by abdominal obesity, which significantly heightens the risk of cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and cancers. Constipation is a common gastrointestinal issue that impacts both physiological and psychological health and worsens with age. Calcium, an essential mineral vital for human health, has been proven to be crucial not only for bone health but also beneficial for gastrointestinal health. However, the results regarding its impact on constipation are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary calcium intake and constipation in individuals with MetS.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010. Participants were assessed for MetS based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Dietary calcium intake was evaluated through 24-h dietary recalls, and constipation was defined based on the frequency of bowel movements recorded in the bowel health questionnaire. The relationship between calcium intake and constipation was explored using logistic regression models with adjustment for covariates, and restricted cubic spline analyses were also used to investigate nonlinear relationships.ResultsThe study included 4,838 adult participants with MetS. Adjusted logistic regression revealed that an increase in dietary calcium intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of constipation (OR: 0.562, 95% CI: 0.379 to 0.835, p = 0.006). Compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of dietary calcium intake significantly decreased the risk of constipation (OR: 0.282, 95% CI: 0.115 to 0.691, p = 0.008). Results from the restrictive cubic spline analysis indicated a negative linear association between dietary calcium intake and constipation risk (non-linearity p = 0.704).ConclusionThe findings suggested that increased dietary calcium intake is associated with a decreased risk of constipation among MetS patients, emphasizing dietary calcium as a potentially modifiable factor for managing gastrointestinal symptoms in this population.

A review on dietary approaches to enhance calcium intake among adolescents

Adolescence is one of the most important milestones in the life cycle stages, in which each individual undergoes various physiological and psychological changes. This period is considered one of the important stages of nutritional vulnerability. Calcium needs are elevated due to intensive bone and muscular development. Calcium acts as one of the vital minerals for bone mineralization during childhood and adolescence that primarily needs to be driven through adequate dietary sources. Globally, calcium intake in all age groups including adolescents has lowered due to changing food patterns which have highly tilted towards a high intake of ultra-processed foods. This review draws attention to enhanced calcium intake through healthy dietary measures.

Sharing Based Peer Group Support on Dietary Compliance of CKD Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Patients consume inadequate food intake from the diet recommended for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients on the one hand and excess intake of phosphorus, sodium, calcium, and potassium on the other. The purpose of this research is to know the influence sharing-based peer group support on dietary compliance of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in the Hemodialysis Room. The research design was quasy-experimental with approach two group pre-post test design. Technique sampling which is used was proportionate stratified random sampling with a total sample of 54 people with CKD undergoing hemodialysis. Measuring tool used was a CKD patient dietary compliance questionnaire. This research was conducted in January 2023. This study showed the score of dietary compliance in the control group pre test shows that 63% of respondents have high compliance and post test the results obtained 81% of respondents have high compliance. In the experiment groups pre test found 55.6% respondents had moderate compliance, and post test found 63% respondents had high compliance. The results of the independent t tes found that there was no difference in the score of dietary compliance after the intervention was given between two group (p value 0.716 &gt; α = 0,05). There is no influence sharing-based peer group support on dietary compliance of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in the Hemodialysis Room. Thus, it is suggested that the hospital devise a plan of health education activities at least once a week, so that it can improve their health status and how to prevent severity during treatment.

Do shift-working nurses’ work-life quality relate to their physical health and diet quality?

Abstract Background Shift work negatively affects work-related quality of life and this situation causes significant labour force losses and decreased productivity in the society, especially health problems in nurses. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between work-related quality of life, physical health level and nutritional behaviours of nurses working in shifts. Methods This descriptive and relationship-seeking study was conducted with 312 nurses selected by quota sampling in Istanbul. Data were collected between December 2022 to July 2023 using the The Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), Physical Health Questionnaire and Food Consumption Frequency Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests were conducted on IBM SPSS 25.0. BeBIS 7.1 software were used for calculation diet index. Results Compassion Satisfaction (CS), Burnout (B) and Compassion Fatigue (CF) scores of nurses was examined, a relationship was found between CS score and B score (r=-0.39 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and between B score and CF score (r = 0.58 p &amp;lt; 0.05). CS score correlated with Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r=-0.15 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and diet index score (r = 0.15 p &amp;lt; 0.05). B score correlated with Gastrointestinal Risk Level score (r = 0.27 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r = 0.38 p &amp;lt; 0.05). There was a correlation between the score of CF and Gastrointestinal Risk Level score (r = 0.25 p &amp;lt; 0.05) and Cardiovascular Risk Level score (r = 0.31 p &amp;lt; 0.05). Daily energy, fibre, vitamin B1 and C, folate, calcium and magnesium intakes of nurses were lower than the recommended. Conclusions Research results support that the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems have a direct relationship with stress and emotional states. In the policies to be developed within the scope of occupational health nursing practices, it is recommended to carry out studies to improve the physical health and nutritional behaviours of nurses in order to improve their work-related quality of life. Key messages • Nurses are a risky occupational group in terms of burnout. Protection studies should be prioritised to prevent burnout. • Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system complaints of nurses should be paid special attention during recruitment and periodic examinations.

Associations of the Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of Breast Cancer (BrCa): a case–control study

BackgroundBreast cancer (BrCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. There are several factors for getting BrCa, including some changeable factors related to lifestyle like unhealthy dietary patterns, so modifying them can prevent one third of the complications and deaths caused by BrCa. Therefore, we decided to investigate the relationship between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and the risk of BrCa.MethodsIn this hospital-based case–control study, 253 patients with BrCa and 267 non-BrCa controls were enrolled. Food consumption was recorded to calculate the HBI score using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Additionally, by using binary logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounders, the relationship between HBI and the risk of BrCa were assessed. HBI was established by Duffey et al. and is used to evaluate the overall quality of beverage intake and identify changes in consumption.ResultsMean ± SD of age and BMI of the study participants were 47.92 ± 10.33 years and 29.43 ± 5.51 kg/m2, respectively. Patients with BrCa considerably outperformed controls in terms of waist circumference (WC), age at first pregnancy, history of abortion, and number of children(Pvalue < 0.05). Compared with those in the lowest quartile of HBI, subjects in the highest quartile had higher intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin C, E, B9, fruits, vegetables, fish and nut as well as lower BMI and WC (Pvalue < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals in highest compared to lowest quartile of HBI had significantly lower risk of BrCa for total population (odds ratio (OR): 0.40; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.21–0.76, Pvalue < 0.05), premenopausal (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.16–0.92, Pvalue = 0.013), and postmenopausal (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10–0.78, Pvalue = 0.023).ConclusionFindings of this study suggested that higher HBI score decreased the risk of BrCa. However, further investigation is needed.

Dietary calcium intake among Iranian adults: Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS-2021).

Adequate dietary consumption of calcium is crucial in the preservation of bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. This study investigated the prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake among individuals aged ≥50 years in Iran. We analyzed data from the Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS-2021). Participants aged 50 years and older completed a 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Insufficient dietary calcium intake was characterized as a daily calcium intake of <1000 mg for men aged 50-70 years, and <1200 mg for men over 70 years and women over 50 years and older. Stata v17 statistical software facilitated a survey set analysis to estimate the population's mean and median dietary calcium intake and the prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake. The study included 1450 participants with a mean age of 60.7±7.9 years. The estimated mean dietary calcium intake in Iran was 1062.7 mg/day (95% CI: 1029.6-1095.8), with a median intake of 943.5 mg/d (95% CI: 910.5-976.4). The prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake in Iran was estimated to be 62.9% (95% CI: 60.0%-65.7%). Notably, the prevalence was higher among women at 75.5% (95% CI: 71.9%-78.8%), compared to men at 47.8% (95% CI: 43.4%-52.3%) with a significant difference (P<0.001). In age-related findings, individuals aged 65 years and older had a higher prevalence of insufficient intake, at 69.0% (95% CI: 63.9%-74.0%), versus those under 65 years, at 60.3% (95% CI: 56.9%-63.8%), with this difference being statistically significant (P = 0.007). Furthermore, a significant inverse relationship was identified between both educational years and socioeconomic status and the prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake (Ps for trends<0.001). Our findings revealed a significant prevalence of insufficient dietary calcium intake in women and those aged 65 and older. We advocate for targeted public health strategies to ensure sufficient dietary calcium intake across these populations.

Risk factors for a decrease in bone mineral density in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is characterized by a discharge of bone mass, which contributes to the development of pathological fractures. Hodgkin's lymphoma can cause a violation of bone microarchitectonics. The development of Hodgkin's lymphoma is characteristic of young people, on average from 16 to 35 years old. Early diagnosis of osteoporosis in young patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma is an urgent issue due to a prolonged asymptomatic decrease in bone mineral density, with the development of pathological fractures. AIMS: to study the risk factors for a decrease in bone mineral density in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma who received pathogenetic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the study included 63 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 30 volunteers from the control group. All patients answered the questionnaire questions in order to identify risk factors for osteoporosis. Common risk factors included: gender, age, body mass index; fractures in the history of the patient and his immediate family; taking hormone replacement therapy, proton pump inhibitors, glucocorticosteroids; the presence of concomitant diseases; the presence of amenorrhea in women; physical activity level and calcium intake. Specific factors include the use of chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis in order to identify the most significant risk factors. RESULTS: osteopenia and osteoporosis are a serious complication of antitumor therapy of Hodgkin's lymphoma in young people. Unfortunately, today a small number of researchers are engaged in the problem of identifying predictors of osteoporosis in young patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Because of this study, the most significant risk factors for the development of osteoporosis were identified, namely low physical activity, taking proton pump inhibitors and glucocorticosteroids, as well as the development of secondary postcytostatic amenorrhea in women. CONCLUSIONS: timely diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis in young patients will prevent a decrease in bone mineral density and reduce the risks of early disability in this category of patients.

Exploring the Role of Dietary Calcium Intake in Muscle and Cardiovascular Performance Among Young Athletes

The importance of dietary calcium intake in bone metabolism has been well established; however, it is still less investigated in health-related components, especially addressing muscle performance. This study aims to compare dietary calcium intake and its relationship with cardiovascular and muscular performance in young athletes (lacrosse, Baseball, and soccer players). In this cross-sectional study, 95 participants (ages 18 to 30) participated during two visits to the Human Performance Laboratory. Participants completed body composition, lower and upper body muscle performance, cardiorespiratory protocol, and questionnaires related to dietary calcium intake. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the difference in the calcium intake between groups. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between dietary calcium intake and muscle performance variables. Further, linear regression was used to assess the predictive value of calcium variables on overall muscle performance. Lacrosse players had significantly higher calcium intake than Baseball and soccer players (p &lt; 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between dietary calcium intake and the number of push-ups (r = 0.28; p = 0.03). CIBW and CI explained 4.3% and nearly 25% of the change in MPI, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). This suggests the possible role of dietary calcium intake in enhancing health-related fitness components and highlights the need to explore its involvement in muscle-bone crosstalk.

Relationship between emotional eating and nutritional intake in adult women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmotional eating (EE) is particularly prevalent in overweight or obese women, who may turn to food as a way to cope with stress, sadness, or anxiety. Limited research has been conducted on the association between EE and nutritional intake. Therefore, present study was designed to explore this association in adult women with overweight and obesity.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the relationship between EE and nutritional intake in 303 overweight and obese women (aged 18–50 years) was examined. The researchers used the validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess participants’ nutritional intake and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to evaluate their eating behavior. To determine the association between EE and nutritional intake, we employed the multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe frequency of high intensity EE was 64.4% among the study participants and the mean total score of EE subscale of DBEQ was 2.32 ± 0.81. The total score of EE was positively associated with the energy intake (β = 0.396, P = 0.007), even after adjusting for age and BMI. In addition, a significant inverse association was found between the score of EE and the daily intake of calcium (β= -0.219, P = 0.026), riboflavin (β= -0.166, P = 0.043), and vitamin B12 (β= -0.271, P = 0.035), independent from energy and age. Also the results showed a significant positive association between the score of EE and the frequency of daily intake of cracker, muffin, cake, cream cake, pastry, candy, ice cream, pickles, melon, hydrogenated vegetable oil, peanut, salted and roasted seeds, and corn-cheese puff snack.ConclusionThis study found that overweight or obese women with higher intensity of EE might have a higher intake of energy and a lower intake of dietary calcium, riboflavin and vitamin B12. Integrating a balanced diet with psychotherapy is suggested to help individuals with EE reducing the urge to eat in response to emotions.

Circulating micronutrients levels and their association with the risk of endometriosis.

Endometriosis, a prevalent gynecological disease, has an unclear pathogenesis. Micronutrients play a crucial role in disease development, which has led to an investigation of their association with endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between 15 micronutrients and endometriosis using both univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the correlation. The results were validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The univariate MR analysis indicated that vitamin B6 (OR = 1.7060, 95% CI: 1.1796-2.4672, p = 0.0045) and calcium (OR = 1.4834, 95% CI: 1.0747-2.0475, p = 0.0165) are associated with an increased risk of endometriosis. Higher intakes of vitamin B6 and calcium are associated with a greater likelihood of developing endometriosis. The MR Egger regression's intercept term demonstrated no evidence of pleiotropy (p > 0.05) or heterogeneity (p > 0.05) in the SNPs for calcium and vitamin B6. In multivariate MR analysis, vitamin B6 (OR = 2.397, 95% CI: 1.231-4.669, p = 0.01) was linked to an increased risk of endometriosis, independently of other exposure factors. No significant heterogeneity (p = 0.831) or pleiotropy (p = 0.369) was observed in the genetic variation of endometriosis, affirming the reliability of the multivariate MR analysis. HPLC confirmed a significant increase in serum levels of vitamin B6 and calcium, aligning with the MR analysis findings. Vitamin B6 and calcium may be associated with this disease, with vitamin B6 potentially acting as an independent risk factor. Further research is essential to elucidate the role of micronutrients in disease, offering novel insights for prevention and treatment strategies.

Associations between nine dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Varied intake of dietary minerals critically affects cardiovascular health. This study examines the associations of nine dietary minerals intake with all-cause mortality in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). This study analyzed 4,125 individuals with ASCVD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, employing Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, weighted Cox models, and restricted cubic splines to assess linear and nonlinear relationships between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality. Associations across different body mass index (BMI) categories were also evaluated separately. Over 6.25 years of median follow-up, 1,582 deaths were documented. Adjusted for potential covariates, results show a negative linear correlation between dietary magnesium intake and all-cause mortality (p for trend <0.001). Compared to the lowest quartile, all-cause mortality risk in the highest quartile was found to be 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.81). The associations between intake of the other eight dietary minerals and all-cause mortality were not robust. BMI significantly influenced the links between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality (p for interaction <0.05). Across BMI categories, significant negative associations were found between intake of magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and copper and all-cause mortality in underweight or normal weight groups. In overweight individuals, intake of calcium, iron, magnesium, and potassium was negatively linked to all-cause mortality. For obese groups, sodium intake negatively affected all-cause mortality (p for trend <0.001). Unlike other dietary minerals, increased magnesium intake significantly reduced all-cause mortality risk in ASCVD. BMI influenced the associations between dietary minerals intake and all-cause mortality.

Problematic behaviors at mealtimes and the nutritional status of Brazilian children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The aim of this study was to explore problematic behaviors and their association with the food consumption and nutritional status of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This is a cross-sectional study which enrolled 90 Brazilian children (aged 2-10 years) with ASD. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the ASD Eating Behavior Assessment Scale, and the 24-h recall were used. Age, height, total body weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were accessed to estimate nutritional status (BMI/Age). Consumption of fruits, vegetables, total calories, macro and micronutrients (calcium, iron, zinc, omega 3 and omega 6), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were assessed. The regression models were adjusted for covariates (prevalence ratio - PR, α = 0.05). All studied children presented problematic behaviors at mealtimes, with a predominance of food selectivity (57.8%), followed by changes in mealtime skills (34.4%), changes in masticatory motor skills (25.6%), oppositional eating behaviors (20.4%), and rigid eating behaviors (20.0%). Food selectivity was associated with excess body weight (PR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.08-3.51) and absence of vegetable consumption (PR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46-0.81). Rigid eating behaviors was associated with low consumption of fiber (PR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.15-1.75) and zinc (PR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.33-3.45), and with excessive caloric (PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02-1.29) and lower calcium intake (PR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.91). Selectivity and rigidity behaviors have different relationships with food consumption and are associated with a higher prevalence of inadequacies, which may lead to nutritional risks for children. Further studies may investigate the influence of problematic behaviors and excess body weight in ASD.

Selection of parental pairs when obtaining F1 hybrids of white cabbage with resistance to the tip burn of the inner leaves

Relevance. During the formation of cabbage heads, under certain conditions, white cabbage is damaged by a burn of the top of the inner leaves of the head, which abroad received the stable name “tip burn”. This disorder is interpreted as a physiological or non-infectious disease, the cause of which is a violation of calcium intake. The disease manifests itself inside the cabbage head, resulting from the interaction of environmental stress factors and the predisposed genotype. The most effective way to combat this disorder is to develop highly tolerant hybrids. This is especially true for the south of Russia, where the stress load on plants is maximum.Purpose of the study – to develop a principle for selecting parental pairs for developing hybrids that are resistant to the tip burn of the inner leaves of a cabbage head, and to identify promising hybrids. Materials and methods. In 2021-2022 in FSBSI "Federal Scientific Rice Centre", in the department of vegetable growing, 45 hybrid combinations obtained on the basis of 10 inbred lines were assessed under field conditions for the trait "burn damage to the inner leaves of the cabbage head." An analysis of the combining ability of lines according to Griffin, and an analysis of the inheritance of the trait according to Heiman were carried out. In 2023, a competitive test of promising hybrids was carried out.Results. In both years of research, 5 lines had negatively stable TCA for burn damage: Ten4270, Yas25p, Bs1f, Agr 82, 270Hn111. SCA of lines is more subject to changes from year to year. The effects of SCA in hybrids due to dominance, epistasis and overdominance in individual combinations significantly influence the manifestation of the trait in the direction of decrease or increase. The principle of selecting parental pairs to develop stable hybrids is based on a combination of lines with a negative SCA value; in some cases, it is permissible to include one line with an average SCA and low SCA. Analysis of genetic parameters according to Heiman confirms the prevalence of non-additive inheritance of the lesion; in unstable forms, the disorder is controlled by dominant polygenes and is highly heritable.

Examining the role of industry lobbying on Canadian front-of-pack labelling regulations.

Health Canada recently issued a Marketing Authorization to expand the eligibility of the dairy-related exemption for Canadian front-of-pack labelling (FOPL) regulations. The 2024 Marketing Authorization exempts dairy-related products that are a 'source of calcium,' rather than only 'high in' calcium as previously regulated, from displaying a 'High in' front-of-pack nutrition symbol, regardless of their saturated fat and sodium levels. The Marketing Authorization, heavily influenced by the food industry, lacks strong scientific evidence to support its adoption. Although there is a high prevalence of inadequate calcium intakes among Canadians, the Marketing Authorization will exempt more dairy-related products that are significant contributors of saturated fat and sodium for Canadians. While providing very little calcium, many dairy-related products, particularly cheese products, are 'high in' saturated fat and/or sodium. Expanding the exemption criteria will allow dairy-related products with little health benefits to be reflected as 'healthy' (i.e., not display a 'High in' nutrition symbol), blunting the potential impact that FOPL regulations could have on improving the diets of Canadians. We strongly urge Health Canada to reconsider the expansion of the exemption and encourage others to conduct policy-relevant research and participate in the policy decision-making process to promote evidence-informed public health policies for the health of Canadians.

Dietary calcium intake in relation to metabolic syndrome in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies with GRADE assessment.

Numerous studies have examined the relationship of calcium intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults in previous decades; but the results were inconsistent across different societies. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis assessed the relation between calcium consumption and MetS in adults. We did a systematic search of all articles published up to July 2023 in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science electronic databases, and Google Scholar. Observational studies investigated the association between dietary calcium (Ca) intake and MetS in adults were eligible to be included. For computing the estimates, a random effects model was applied. Combining 24 effect size from 17 investigations (15 cross-sectional and two cohort studies) with 74,720 participants and 18,200 cases showed that highest versus lowest level of dietary Ca intake was related to 23% significant decreased odds of MetS (OR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.89). Linear dose-response analysis of estimates from 12 investigations showed that each 100 mg/day increment in dietary Ca intake was associated with 3% marginally significant decreased odds in MetS (OR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.93, 1.01). In nonlinear dose-response analysis of 12 studies with 67,896 participants, a significant association between dietary calcium intake and MetS was found (Pnonlinearity <0.001); such that 500 mg/day dietary calcium intake was related to maximum decrease in odds of MetS. According to this meta-analysis, the likelihood of MetS was significantly lower in adults with higher level of dietary calcium intake. Further large-scale prospective cohort investigations are needed to obtain stronger and more accurate results.