Doses Of Calcium Research Articles

Unusual hypocalcaemia in breast cancer relapse with multiple bone metastasis

Severe hypocalcaemia in breast cancer with bone metastasis is a rare finding usually associated with an advanced stage of the disease. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of local ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, who presented with muscle tremors and general weakness. Hypocalcaemia was evident, with a positive Chvostek sign and a serum calcium level of 5.9 mg/dL (1.47 mmol/L), phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL (normal range: 2.3–4.7 mg/dL) with normal levels of albumin, magnesium and parathyroid hormone. High oral doses of alpha calcitriol and calcium with i.v. infusion of high calcium doses were instituted, altogether sufficient to maintain only mild hypocalcaemia. A whole-body CT revealed bone lesions along the axial skeleton. A biopsy from a bone lesion revealed a metastasis of breast carcinoma. With this pathological finding, leuprolide (GNRH analogue) and chlorambucil (alkylating agent) were initiated, followed by prompt tapering of infused calcium down to full discontinuation. Serum calcium was kept stable close to the low normal range by high doses of oral alpha calcitriol and calcium. This course raises suspicion that breast metastases to the skeleton caused tumour-induced hypocalcaemia by a unique mechanism. We assume that hypocalcaemia in this case was promoted by a combination of hypoparathyroidism and bone metastasis.Learning pointsSevere hypocalcaemia can a presenting symptom for breast cancer relapse.

Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and maternal and offspring bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Insufficient calcium intake during pregnancy may lead to maternal bone resorption and lower bone density of offspring. We evaluated the impact of supplementary calcium with or without vitamin D during pregnancy on maternal and offspring bone mineral density (BMD) and teeth firmness of the offspring. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched systematically in 11 databases. Two researchers independently screened the titles and abstracts of 3555 records and the full texts of 31 records to examine eligibility. The search yielded seven RCTs (11 reports, n = 1566). No advantage of calcium supplementation was found on maternal BMD after delivery or during breastfeeding, or on offspring BMD, even when dietary calcium intake was low. The results were neither modified by the dose of calcium nor concomitant vitamin D administration. A suspicion of some long‐term harm of the intervention on maternal BMD and growth of female offspring was raised based on the data. One study suggested some benefit of high‐dose calcium supplementation on offspring teeth firmness at 12 years old. A low number of the studies and abundant missing data reduced the quality of the findings. The impact of calcium supplementation on maternal and offspring bone health was deemed unknown because of inconclusive research results.

Living-donor fresh parathyroid tissue allotransplantation as treatment for permanent hypoparathyroidism: case report

Introduction: the standard hypoparathyroidism treatment consists of replacing calcium and active vitamin D (calcitriol), but it does not correct the underlying abnormality, parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency. Both the disease and its treatment are responsible for many morbidities that affect multiple organs and systems. Therefore, parathyroid allotransplantation has been described as an alternative treatment option, especially in refractory cases. Objectives: to verify if parathyroid allotransplantation is effective as a treatment for permanent hypoparathyroidism. Methodology: fresh parathyroid tissue was obtained from a 36-year-old male with a past medical history of hyperparathyroidism secondary to end-stage renal disease and immediately implanted in the recipient’s non-dominant forearm, a 57-year-old female with refractory hypoparathyroidism, despite high doses of calcium and calcitriol replacement. Corticosteroid immunosuppression was performed for 10 days. Results: the allograft showed no evidence of functionality eleven months after transplant. The procedure was considered safe. Conclusion: more studies are required to validate this technique and improve its results.

Changes in Nutritional Outcomes After Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the changes in nutritional indicators in individuals with obesity before and after SG. A systematic retrieval of the available literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. The following indicators were evaluated: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B12, folate, magnesium, and zinc from pre-operation to post-operation. A total of 38 studies met inclusion criteria. A significant increase was observed in serum 25(OH)D (SMD = 0.70, 95%CI 0.38 to 1.02, P < 0.001), phosphorus (SMD = 0.40, 95%CI 0.14 to 0.67, P = 0.003), iron (SMD = 0.50, 95%CI 0.38 to 0.62, P < 0.001), and folate (SMD = 0.37, 95%CI 0.09 to 0.65, P = 0.01) after SG. Nevertheless, the increasing trend of serum phosphorus (P = 0.143) and folate (P = 0.774) disappeared in the unprescribed subgroup. A significant decrease in serum zinc (SMD = - 0.41, 95%CI - 0.81 to - 0.01, P = 0.044) was found after SG. No significant changes in serum calcium (SMD = 0.08, 95%CI - 0.09 to 0.25, P = 0.372), vitamin B12 (SMD = 0.10, 95%CI - 0.13 to 0.33, P = 0.398), and magnesium (SMD = 0.24, 95%CI - 0.10 to 0.58, P = 0.169) were observed. However, a significant decrease in serum calcium (P = 0.042) and vitamin B12 (P = 0.037) was found in the unprescribed subgroup. Serum 25(OH)D, phosphorus, iron, and folate levels improved after a careful monitoring and due to a rigorous supplementation. The optimal dose of calcium, magnesium, and zinc supplementation has yet to be established; therefore, a broader supplementation of trace elements and minerals has to be suggested.

Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism in pregnancy: an Italian retrospective observational study

BackgroundHypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) or pseudo-hypoparathyroidism (pseudo-HypoPT) during pregnancy may cause maternal and fetal/neonatal complications. In this regard, only a few case reports or case series of pregnant or lactating women have been published. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical and biochemical course, pharmacological management, and potential adverse events during pregnancy and post-partum in pregnant women with HypoPT or pseudo-HypoPT. This was a retrospective, observational, multicenter, study involving nine Italian referral centers for endocrine diseases affiliated with the Italian Society of Endocrinology and involved in “Hypoparathyroidism Working Group”.ResultsThis study identified a cohort of 28 women (followed between 2005 and 2018) with HypoPT (n = 25, 84% postsurgical, 16% idiopathic/autoimmune) and pseudo-HypoPT (n = 3). In HypoPT women, the mean calcium carbonate dose tended to increase gradually from the first to third trimester (+ 12.6%) in pregnancy. This average increase in the third trimester was significantly greater compared to the pre-pregnancy period (p value = 0.03). However, analyzing the individual cases, in 44% the mean calcium dosage remained unchanged throughout gestation. Mean calcitriol doses tended to increase during pregnancy, with a statistically significant increase between the third trimester and the pre-pregnancy period (p value = 0.02). Nevertheless, analyzing the individual cases, in the third trimester most women with HypoPT (64%) maintained the same dosage of calcitriol compared to the first trimester. Both mean calcium carbonate and calcitriol doses tended to decrease from the third trimester to the post-partum six months. Most identified women (~ 70%) did not display maternal complications and (~ 90%) maintained mean serum albumin-corrected total calcium levels within the low-to-mid normal reference range (8.5 ± 0.8 mg/dl) during pregnancy. The main complications related to pregnancy period included: preterm birth (n = 3 HypoPT women), and history of miscarriages (n = 6 HypoPT women and n = 2 pseudo-HypoPT women).ConclusionThis study shows that mean serum albumin-corrected total calcium levels were carefully monitored during pregnancy and post-pregnancy, with limited evaluation of other biochemical parameters, such as serum phosphate, 24 h urinary calcium, 25-OH vitamin D, and creatinine clearance. To avoid complications in mothers affected by (HypoPT) or (pseudo-HypoPT) and offspring, intense biochemical, clinical and pharmacological monitoring during pregnancy and breastfeeding is highly recommended.

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: an update.

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) is diagnosed in the setting of elevated PTH concentrations with consistently normal albumin-adjusted and ionized serum calcium levels, in absence of secondary causes for elevated PTH concentrations. In order to confirm persistence of the hyperparathyroid state, PTH levels should be elevated on at least two occasions over a 3 to 6 months period. The prevalence of NPHPT depends on the population studied. Data from different studies are often not comparable; indeed, different criteria have been used to exclude secondary hyperparathyroidism. Notwithstanding such limits, the prevalence of NPHPT in studies including ionized calcium dosage was between 0.5% and 0.7%. Available data suggest that patients with NPHPT are likely to have more skeletal, kidney and metabolic complications compared to healthy subjects, but almost all studies suffer from possible misclassification of patients due to lack of ionized calcium dosage. The management of NPHPT is controversial in part due to lack of solid data about the natural history. However, surgical treatment is currently performed more frequently than in the past, although studies do not show, so far, a clear benefit from intervention.

Calcium supplementation in nutrient solutions to mitigate salt stress in fertigated okra

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium supplementation on saline water as a minimizing agent of saline stress in okra cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in Mossoró-RN using a completely randomized experimental design in a 2x5 factorial scheme with four replications. Two okra cultivars (Santa Cruz 47 and Valença) were tested fertigated with five fertigation managements [F1= irrigation with non-saline water (0.5 dS m-1) and fertigation with a standard dose of calcium (4,733.8 mg plant-1); F2, F3, F4 and F5= irrigation with saline water (3.5 dS m-1) and fertigation with increasing doses of calcium (4,733.8; 7,100.7; 9,467.7 and 11,834.5 mg plant-1, respectively)]. Plants were collected at 120 days after emergence and evaluated for growth variables (plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, leaf dry mass, stem, fruit and total) and yield (fruit number, average length of fruits, average diameter and yield). Cultivar Santa Cruz 47 presented the highest vegetative development but cultivar Valença was earlier and presented the largest number of harvests (19), allowing more harvested fruits (27 fruits per plant) and the highest yield (659 g plant-1). The cultivars were not affected by the saline level and showed little response to extra calcium fertilization.

Effect of Calcium Compound Type and Dosage on the Properties of Acid Rennet Goat's Milk Gels.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding calcium compounds to processed goat’s milk, and on the properties of acid rennet goat’s milk gels, which are a middle product obtained in the manufacture of acid rennet cheese. The properties of the gels directly affect the quality of acid rennet cheeses. The analysis of raw goat’s milk was carried out, then acid rennet gels were produced with the addition of six different calcium compounds (chloride, citrate, bisglycinate, gluconate, lactate, and carbonate). The dynamics of milk fermentation were performed by monitoring the pH value of milk during acidification. The pH, syneresis, color, and texture profile were determined in the formulated acid rennet gels. An organoleptic evaluation was also performed. The study demonstrated that, not only calcium chloride, but also calcium citrate, gluconate, lactate, bisglycinate, and calcium carbonate could be used in the production of goat’s milk acid rennet gels, or the middle product in the manufacture of acid rennet curd cheese from goat’s milk. Notably, the addition of citrate, bisglycinate, and calcium carbonate in doses of 20 mg Ca 100 g−1 most effectively reduced syneresis compared to the control sample by 4.76% (citrate), 7.85% (bisglycinate), and 10.28% (carbonate). The hardness of the control gels ranged from 2.35 N to 2.99 N. The addition of chloride, citrate, gluconate, lactate, and calcium carbonate to the milk improved the acid rennet gel’s hardness. The addition of 20 mg Ca 100 g−1 as gluconate increased the hardness the most (3.61 N). When increasing the calcium dosage in the form of all compounds, there was a tendency to increase the gel’s springiness. The addition of chloride, citrate, and bisglycinate to milk did not result in a darkening of the gel’s color. The addition of calcium compounds mostly reduced the intensity of goatish taste and odor. Calcium gluconate, in particular, reduced the goatish taste the most, a taste which is not always acceptable by the consumers.

Nitrogen and calcium fertilization on the growth and development of gerbera cultivated in pots for cut flowers

ABSTRACT Gerbera is a flowering species with relevance to the cut flower market. Understanding nutritional requirements of the species is important to improve fertilization procedures. In the present work, our objective was to evaluate the influence of different doses of nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca) on the growth and development of gerbera cultivated in pots as a cut flower. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in a bifactorial design, with an additional treatment consisting of the combination of three N (0.07, 0.15 and 0.2 g L-1 substrate) and Ca (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 g L-1 substrate) doses applied every 15 days. Control plants were not supplemented with either N or Ca. No significant interaction between N and Ca doses was observed. The highest number of flower stalks was obtained with 0.15 g N L-1 substrate and 0.04 g Ca L-1 substrate. Flower diameter, plant leaf area and total chlorophyll contents were at a maximum of 0.14 g N L-1 substrate and 0.04 g Ca L-1 substrate. N and Ca doses influenced in an independent manner the growth and development of gerberas as a cut flower cultivated in pots, and we determined that its fertilization should occur every 15 days with 0.34 g N L-1 substrate and 0.04 g Ca L-1 substrate.

Vitamin D Food Fortification and Biofortification Increases Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Adults and Children: An Updated and Extended Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BackgroundLow vitamin D status is a global public health issue that vitamin D food fortification and biofortification may help to alleviate. ObjectivesWe investigated the effect of vitamin D food fortification and biofortification on circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. We expanded the scope of earlier reviews to include adults and children, to evaluate effects by vitamin D vitamer, and investigate linear and nonlinear dose-response relations. MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and gray and unpublished literature sites for randomized controlled trials, including people of all ages, with the criteria: absence of illness affecting vitamin D absorption, duration ≥4 wk, equivalent placebo food control, dose quantification, dose ≥5 μg/d, baseline and endpoint or absolute change in 25(OH)D concentrations reported, random allocation, and participant blinding. Quality was assessed using the Jadad Scale. ResultsData from 34 publications (2398 adults: 1345 intervention, 1053 controls; 1532 children: 970 intervention, 562 controls) were included. Random-effects meta-analysis of all studies combined (mean dose 16.2 μg/d) indicated a pooled treatment effect of 21.2 nmol/L (95% CI: 16.2, 26.2), with a greater effect for studies using cholecalciferol than ergocalciferol. Heterogeneity was high (I2> 75%). Metaregression analyses for all studies combined suggested positive effect differences for baseline circulating 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L, dose ≥10 μg/d and a negative effect difference when the intervention arm included a calcium dose ≥500 mg/d greater than the control arm. Dose-response rates were found to be nonlinear (Wald test for nonlinearity P < 0.001). For all studies combined, a threshold occurred at ∼26 nmol/L for a dose of ∼21 μg/d. ConclusionsThese results support use of vitamin D food fortification to improve circulating 25(OH)D circulations in populations. This work was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42020145497.

Severe Refractory Hypocalcemia after Parathyroidectomy for Hyperparathyroidism and Parathyroid Adenoma in a Patient with Prior Bariatric Surgery: A Rare Case Report

Hypocalcaemia is a common but transient complication post Parathyroid surgery. In patients who have gone through bariatric surgery including Roux-En-Y the risk increases further. We present a challenging case report of a patient with history of RYGB who underwent parathyroidectomy and consequently developed refractory hypocalcaemia. Hypocalcaemia was managed conservatively initially but subsequently required higher doses of both intravenous and oral calcium along with teriparatide. Patients post Bariatric surgery including those who have undergone Roux-en-Y who are proceeding with Parathyroid procedures should be followed up closely for hypocalcaemia.

Potassium, calcium and magnesium in carrot crop fertilization

The balanced relationship between potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) reflects on carrot’s quality and yield. We evaluated the use of potassium sources associated with calcium and magnesium doses in carrot cultivation. A randomized block design in a triple factorial scheme (2x2x2) was performed with the following factors: First - Potassium chloride (KCl) (120 kg K 2 O ha -1 ); Potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4 ) (120 kg K 2 O ha -1 ); Second - Doses of Mg sulphate (MgSO 4 ): Zero or 25 kg Mg ha -1 ; Third - Doses of L. calcareum seaweed (product of Ca): Zero seaweed or 200 kg seaweed ha -1 , with six blocks. For base fertilization, 40 and 600 kg N and P 2 O 5 ha -1 were supplied via MAP and triple superphosphate, respectively, in all treatments. Total and commercial yield, 3A yield and carrot discard percentages were evaluated. Regardless of the K source used, the yield was higher when no Ca or Mg dose was applied. The application of 25 kg Mg ha -1 without Ca altered the Ca:Mg ratio in the soil and resulted in a significant yield increase when KCl was used. The association of L. calcareum algae with KCl reduces total yield and increases carrot disposal. The use of L. calcareum algae as a Ca source only provided a significant increase in yield when associated with the application of 25 kg Mg ha -1 via MgSO 4 and when the K source was K 2 SO 4 .

Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 responses to ingestion of protein with increasing doses of milk minerals rich in calcium.

A high dose of whey protein hydrolysate fed with milk minerals rich in calcium (Capolac®) results in enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations in lean individuals; however, the effect of different calcium doses ingested alongside protein is unknown. The present study assessed the dose response of calcium fed alongside 25 g whey protein hydrolysate on GLP-1 concentrations in individuals with overweight/obesity. Eighteen adults (mean ± sd: 8M/10F, 34 ± 18 years, 28·2 ± 2·9 kgm-2) completed four trials in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Participants consumed test solutions consisting of 25 g whey protein hydrolysate (CON), supplemented with 3179 mg (LOW), 6363 mg (MED) or 9547 mg (HIGH) Capolac® on different occasions, separated by at least 48 h. The calcium content of test solutions equated to 65, 892, 1719 and 2547 mg, respectively. Arterialised-venous blood was sampled over 180 min to determine plasma concentrations of GLP-1TOTAL, GLP-17-36amide, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and serum concentrations of calcium and albumin. Ad libitum energy intake was measured at 180 min. Time-averaged incremental AUC (iAUC) for GLP-1TOTAL (pmol·l-1·min-1) did not differ between CON (23 ± 4), LOW (25 ± 6), MED (24 ± 5) and HIGH (24 ± 6). Energy intake (kcal) did not differ between CON (940 ± 387), LOW (884 ± 345), MED (920 ± 334) and HIGH (973 ± 390). Co-ingestion of whey protein hydrolysate with Capolac® does not potentiate GLP-1 release in comparison with whey protein hydrolysate alone. The study was registered at clinical trials (NCT03819972).

Hypercalcemia in bitches with malignant mammary neoplasms

Malignant hypercalcemia is a paraneoplastic syndrome. It has been detected in several types of malignant tumours in dogs, such as lymphomas, and also in mammary neoplasms, without the exact determination of the mechanisms involved in its occurrence as well as its incidence. In this study, 100 bitches with mammary malignant neoplasia, diagnosed by histopathological analysis, were submitted to clinical evaluation for disease staging, haematological evaluation, serum biochemistry, including renal function tests, hepatic and total calcium serum levels and ionized fraction. These parameters were analyzed at the time of the initial attendance and 30 days after the treatment. The most frequent histological pattern was carcinoma in mixed tumors (26%). In 52% of the diseased dogs, hypercalcemia was observed by means of ionized calcium dosing, which was not verified by means of total calcium dosing, where only 4% presented hypercalcemia. No correlation was found between hypercalcemia and the histological pattern of the neoplasms. However, the correlation was verified between hypercalcemia and more advanced stages of the disease, mainly from stage III, suggesting that the detection of hypercalcemia may be correlated with worse prognosis, showing the importance of the research concerning the presence of paraneoplastic syndromes in bitches with mammary neoplasms.

Daily calcium profile in diagnosis of hypo- and hypercalcemia in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism. clinical case series

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, due to absent or inappropriately low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The chronic postoperative hypoparathyroidism accounts approximately 75% of patients; the genetic, autoimmune or idiopathic forms are significantly less common. Today, chronic hypoparathyroidism remains the last major endocrine deficiency, for which hormonal replacement therapy has not found widespread use. Achieving the target levels of phosphorus-calcium metabolism is an important factor of the disease control, required for the prevention of short- and long-term complications. The standard therapy with active metabolites/analogues of vitamin D (­alfacalcidol, calcitriol) and calcium supplements does not always allow to achieve the target treatment goals. Despite high doses of calcium and active vitamin D, some patients suffer from unstable calcium levels and associated symptoms.The measurement of serum calcium and phosphorus in the early morning hours remains the main laboratory tests for such patients, but in sometimes this diagnostic approach does not really reflect the true picture.The presented clinical cases describe the changes of both hyper- and hypocalcemia within one day in patients with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism managed by standard therapy.

Суточный профиль как диагностический инструмент выявления гипо- и гиперкальциемии у пациентов с хроническим гипопаратиреозом. серия клинических случаев

Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, due to absent or inappropriately low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. The chronic postoperative hypoparathyroidism accounts approximately 75% of patients; the genetic, autoimmune or idiopathic forms are significantly less common. Today, chronic hypoparathyroidism remains the last major endocrine deficiency, for which hormonal replacement therapy has not found widespread use. Achieving the target levels of phosphorus-calcium metabolism is an important factor of the disease control, required for the prevention of short- and long-term complications. The standard therapy with active metabolites/analogues of vitamin D (­alfacalcidol, calcitriol) and calcium supplements does not always allow to achieve the target treatment goals. Despite high doses of calcium and active vitamin D, some patients suffer from unstable calcium levels and associated symptoms. The measurement of serum calcium and phosphorus in the early morning hours remains the main laboratory tests for such patients, but in sometimes this diagnostic approach does not really reflect the true picture. The presented clinical cases describe the changes of both hyper- and hypocalcemia within one day in patients with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism managed by standard therapy.

Effectiveness of bazedoxifene in preventing glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis patients

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of bazedoxifene in preventing bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving low-dose glucocorticoids (GCs).MethodsIn this randomized, controlled, open-label study, we assigned postmenopausal women with osteopenia who had been receiving low-dose GCs for RA to two groups: a group receiving bazedoxifene (20 mg/day) with elemental calcium 1200 mg and vitamin D 800 IU daily (bazedoxifene group) and a group receiving the same doses of calcium and vitamin D only (control group). As primary outcome, bone mineral density (BMD) change in the lumbar spine (L-spine) from baseline to 48 weeks was assessed. Changes in BMD in the femur, trabecular bone score, bone turnover markers, and development of fracture were assessed as secondary outcomes. For intention-to-treat analysis, 20 completed data sets were created by applying multiple imputations by chained equations.ResultsA total of 114 patients (57 patients in each group) were recruited. A significant increase in L-spine BMD (0.015 g/cm2, P = 0.007) was observed in the bazedoxifene group, and the increase was significantly higher than in the control group (0.013, 95% CI 0.0003–0.026, P = 0.047). Reductions in bone turnover markers in the bazedoxifene group were significantly greater than in the control group. Only one fracture was observed in the bazedoxifene group, while four fractures developed in the control group.ConclusionIn postmenopausal patients with RA receiving low-dose GCs, bazedoxifene improved BMD and reduced bone turnover markers. However, the change in BMD did not exceed the least significant change.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02602704.

The calcium application to control yellow latex in mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana)

The main problem of mangosteen production is yellow latex in the rind and aril of the mangosteen fruit. The yellow latex occurs from the yellow latex channel’s rupture and contaminates the arils or mangosteen rind. The rupture is thought due to the lack of calcium in the epithelial cell walls of the yellow latex ducts. The present study aimed to determine the effect of calcium in reducing yellow latex in the mangosteen fruit. The study was conducted in Luhur Jaya Village, Lebak Regency of Banten Province. The study used a randomized block design, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replications with treatment P0=control, P1=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 2 kg/tree, P2=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 3 kg/tree, P3=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 4 kg/tree, P4=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 5 kg/tree, P5=dose of calcium/dolomite lime 6 kg/tree. The calcium was given when the mangosteen plant started to flower. From the results, the application of calcium using dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) reduced yellow latex contamination in mangosteen rind at doses of 5 kg/tree. All doses of calcium applied (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 kg/tree) reduced yellow latex contamination in arils. The application of calcium with dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) did not affect fruit weight and dotted on mangosteen.

Effects of Routine Antithrombotic-Adjusted Dose of Rivaroxaban and Nadroparin Calcium on Tendon Healing of Rats: An Experimental Study

Introduction Achilles tendon injury necessitates thromboembolism prophylaxis after repair. This study aimed to investigate the effects of antithrombotic-adjusted prophylactic doses of nadroparin calcium and rivaroxaban on Achilles tendon healing.Materials and Methods Twenty-four young adult male Wistar Albino type rats were randomly divided into three groups. All rats underwent a full-thickness surgical incision of the Achilles tendon, followed by primary repair. After the procedure, group 1 was determined as the control group and received no medication. Group 2 received 2.03 mg/kg rivaroxaban daily via gastric lavage once daily, and group 3 was given subcutaneous 114 IU AXa nadroparin calcium once daily for 28 days. After euthanization, the degrees of inflammation, neovascularization, fibroblastic activity, and collagen fiber sequencing were examined and scored for histopathological evaluation. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 for Windows software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) was used for all statistical analyses. The number of inflammatory cells, capillary vessels, and fibroblasts, which met the parametric tests' assumptions, were compared between three independent groups by one-way analysis of variance. The significance level was set at p-value < 0.05.Results Histological examination of the group 1 sample showed the presence of inflammatory cells, an increase in the number of fibroblasts, and sequencing of collagen fibers scattered. The presence of inflammatory cells, remarkable increases in the number of fibroblasts, the presence of mature collagen fibers, and regular sequencing of collagen fibers regular were shown in groups 2 and 3. There were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the number of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. In group 2, the number of inflammatory cells was lower than in groups 1 and 3. Elsewhere, the number of fibroblasts was higher in group 1 compared than in groups 2 and 3.Conclusion Both rivaroxaban and nadroparin calcium in their daily dosage have a beneficial effect on Achilles tendon healing.

The Impact of Extracellular Ca2+ and Nanosecond Electric Pulses on Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Human Breast and Colon Cancer Cells.

Simple SummaryThe drug resistance phenomenon in cancer constantly induces problems in therapeutic protocols. Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) seem to be a promising method in drug molecule delivery. Here we have proved that electroporation supported by calcium ions can alternate the activity of drug resistance proteins. Our results indicated that MDR1 expression is not significantly modified by nanosecond electroporation in multidrug-resistant cells. However, PEF significantly inhibited MDR1 activity and cell viability when combined with calcium ions.(1) Background: Calcium electroporation (CaEP) is based on the application of electrical pulses to permeabilize cells (electroporation) and allow cytotoxic doses of calcium to enter the cell. (2) Methods: In this work, we have used doxorubicin-resistant (DX) and non-resistant models of human breast cancer (MCF-7/DX, MCF-7/WT) and colon cancer cells (LoVo, LoVo/DX), and investigated the susceptibility of the cells to extracellular Ca2+ and electric fields in the 20 ns–900 ns pulse duration range. (3) Results: We have observed that colon cancer cells were less susceptible to PEF than breast cancer cells. An extracellular Ca2+ (2 mM) with PEF was more disruptive for DX-resistant cells. The expression of glycoprotein P (MDR1, P-gp) as a drug resistance marker was detected by the immunofluorescent (CLSM) method and rhodamine-123 efflux as an MDR1 activity. MDR1 expression was not significantly modified by nanosecond electroporation in multidrug-resistant cells, but a combination with calcium ions significantly inhibited MDR1 activity and cell viability. (4) Conclusions: We believe that PEF with calcium ions can reduce drug resistance by inhibiting drug efflux activity. This phenomenon of MDR mechanism disruption seems promising in anticancer protocols.