Calcium Citrate Research Articles

The Effect of Multi-Ingredient Protein versus Collagen Supplementation on Satellite Cell Properties in Males and Females

ABSTRACT Introduction Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) contribute to the adaptive process of resistance exercise training (RET) and may be influenced by nutritional supplementation. However, little research exists on the impact of multi-ingredient supplementation on the SC response to RET. Purpose We tested the effect of a multi-ingredient supplement (MIS) including whey protein, creatine, leucine, calcium citrate, and vitamin D on SC content and activity as well as myonuclear accretion, SC and myonuclear domain compared with a collagen control (COL) throughout a 10-wk RET program. Methods Twenty-six participants underwent a 10-wk linear RET program while consuming either the MIS or COL supplement twice daily. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at baseline and 48 h after a bout of damaging exercise, before and after RET. Muscle tissue was analyzed for SC and myonuclear content, domain, acute SC activation, and fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA). Results MIS resulted in a greater increase in type II fCSA following 10 wk of RET (effect size (ES) = 0.89) but not myonuclear accretion or SC content. Change in myonuclei per fiber was positively correlated with type I and II and total fiber hypertrophy in the COL group only, indicating a robust independent effect of MIS on fCSA. Myonuclear domain increased similarly in both groups, whereas SC domain remained unchanged following RET. SC activation was similar between groups for all fiber types in the untrained state but showed a trend toward greater increases with MIS after RET (ES = 0.70). Conclusions SC responses to acute damaging exercise and long-term RET are predominantly similar in MIS and COL groups. However, MIS can induce greater increases in type II fCSA with RET and potentially SC activation following damage in the trained state.

Comparison of calcium citrate and calcium carbonate absorption in patients with a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy, and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: A double-blind, randomized cross-over trial.

Comparison of calcium citrate and calcium carbonate absorption in patients with a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy, and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass: A double-blind, randomized cross-over trial.

Nanoarchitectonics of hierarchical porous biochars from heavy bio-oil by coupling calcium salts assisted template carbonization and K2CO3 activation for high-performance supercapacitors

Biochar derived from biomass has shown potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors, but controlling its pore structure is a challenge. Additionally, coking issues have limited the industrial application of heavy bio-oil, which could be used to prepare carbonous biochar as a substitute for biomass. Herein, to widen the utilization of bio-oil and to control the pore structure, this study introduces a novel approach to utilize heavy bio-oil and regulate pore structure by combining the hard template method and activation method, in which calcium citrate tetrahydrate (CCT), calcium acetate and calcium carbonate act as templates and K2CO3 acts as activator. Through CCT-assisted template carbonization at 700 °C and K2CO3 activation with a mass ratio of 1:2, a hierarchical porous biochar (CCT-700–1:2) with a specific surface area of 2213.09 m2 g−1 was successfully synthesized. The CCT-700–1:2 electrode shows outstanding capacitive performance with a specific capacitance of 213.86 F g−1 at 0.5 A. The assembled solid-state symmetric supercapacitor displays impressive rate capability, maintaining the capacity retention ratio being 69.7 % at 20 A g−1. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional cycle stability and the capacitance retention is around 98 % even after 60,000 cycles. The symmetric supercapacitors also show the high energy density being 16.36 W h kg−1 at 250 W kg−1. This study presents a hopeful method for producing sustainable carbon materials by bio-oil used as energy storage devices, enhancing the potential utilizations of biomass derived products in the area of supercapacitors.

Influence of antioxidant and chelate compound on milk productivity and milk quality of lactating cows during denitrification

The purpose of the research was to study the eff ect of the antioxidant Epofen and chelate calcium citrate feed additives on milk productivity, physicochemical and technological properties of milk from lactating cows fed by rations with subtoxic nitrate content. It was found that the highest degree of denitrifi cation with a simultaneous increase in the technological qualities of milk was facilitated by joint feeding of Epofen at a dose of 3 g/head and chelate calcium citrate at a dose of 1.0 g/100 kg of live weight. Due to this, the fat and protein content in the milk of cows in the 3rd experimental group was significantly higher by 0.23 and 0.26 abs.% compared to the control group (P > 0.95). The highest ammonia content was in the milk of cows in the 3rd experimental group 3.552 mg/l, which was 62.1 % more than in the control group (P > 0.95), with a simultaneous reliable (P > 0.95) decrease in nitrates by 52.9 % and nitrites by 60.0 %. At the same time, joint feeding of Epofen and calcium citrate allowed to ensure the highest yield of cheese mass from the milk raw materials of cows in the 3rd experimental group 10.84 kg, which was 13.3 % more than in the control group (P > 0.95). With joint additions of the tested drugs, cheese samples from the milk of cows in the 3rd experimental group compared to the control samples contained more protein soluble nitrogen by 6.87 abs.% (P > 0.95), and non-protein soluble nitrogen by 2.63 % (P > 0.95) less. Compared to the control samples, in the samples of cheese mass from the milk of cows of the 3rd experimental group, there was a signifi cant (P > 0.95) decrease in the content of nitrates by 72.3 % and nitrites by 74.3 %.

8690 Severe Hypocalcemia Following Treatment with Venetoclax for AML

Abstract Disclosure: K. Ruddiman: None. C. Price: None. Background: Venetoclax is a chemotherapeutic agent which has known side effects of tumor lysis syndrome, but few reports of isolated hypocalcemia. Clinical case: A 73 year old male with medical history pertinent for myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic disease was admitted for evaluation of failure to thrive. Workup revealed progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Following treatment with decitabine 34mg/day for 5 doses and initiation of venetoclax 100mg daily, he developed progressive, severe, symptomatic hypocalcemia with positive Trousseau and Chvostek sign. The patient was normocalcemic prior to admission with serum calcium ranging between 8.6-9.7mg/dL. Corrected calcium at admission was 8.8mg/dL. Serum calcium decreased steadily following venetoclax, requiring repletion with 3 doses of calcium chloride and gluconate 1gm IV and initiation of oral calcium carbonate 1900mg TID. At its nadir, corrected calcium was 6.1mg/dL on day 19 of treatment with venetoclax despite oral and IV repletion. Further workup showed undetectable 25 hydroxy vitamin D, PTH 62pg/mL, normal range uric acid, low phosphorus (lowest 2.2mg/dL), mild hypokalemia (lowest 3.2mg/dL), and mild hypomagnesemia of 1.8mg/dL. GFR was >90mL/min. Hypocalcemia improved after 3 infusions of calcium gluconate 10gm IV in 1 L normal saline to 7.2mg/dL. Oral repletion with calcium carbonate was transitioned to calcium citrate due to concomitant PPI use. PO calcium citrate titrated to 2850 mg TID to target corrected calcium 7.5 - 8.5 and limit further need for diuresis following calcium gluconate infusions. Ergocalciferol 50,000 IU was given thrice weekly in addition to daily cholecalciferol 5,000 IU with improvement in 25 hydroxy vitamin D to 17ng/mL. This patient was suspected to have multifactorial etiology for hypocalcemia, secondary to undetectable 25 hydroxy vitamin D as well as diuresis with furosemide during the admission, but the most strongly attributed factor was initiation of venetoclax prior to development of progressive hypocalcemia. FDA prescribing information reports hypocalcemia as a side effect of venetoclax when used in treatment for CML, but in phase 2 and 3 studies of venetoclax used alone and in combination with low dose cytarabine to treat AML, no significant episodes of hypocalcemia were reported. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a known adverse effect of venetoclax in which hypocalcemia is an expected feature, however, this patient did not have laboratory to support this diagnosis. His other electrolyte deficiencies were mild and transient. Conclusion: While electrolyte abnormalities associated with TLS are an expected side effect of venetoclax, isolated severe hypocalcemia is a rarely reported side effect. Calcium should be closely monitored during treatment. Presentation: 6/1/2024

A-049 Effect of Supplementation With Prebiotics on Levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and on Biomarkers of Bone Remodelling-Results From the OSTEOME Clinical Trial

Abstract Background It is proven that intestinal microbes regulate bone metabolism and can affect the quality of the bone. Prebiotics contain no microorganisms, only substances stimulating their growth. Moreover, flavonoids and catechines are transformed by the microbes into bioactive compounds and polyphenols can modify the microflora composition. OSTEOME is a randomized double-blinded clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplements enriched with prebiotics, in advancing the role of gut microbiota in bone remodelling. We present the effect of supplementation with prebiotics on the serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) and on levels bone markers Osteocalcin (OCN), and C-Terminal Telopeptide of Type-I Collagen (CTX). Methods We enrolled 120 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Participants were randomized into three groups of 40-participants. Group-A received a supplement containing 600mg calcium citrate and 2400IUof vitamin D3 only, group-B received a supplement additionally containing flavonoids (120mg Naringin and 120mg Hesperidine) and group-C received additionally prebiotic oligosaccharides (2000mg fructooligosaccharides and acacia gum). Blood collections were performed at baseline and at 3, 6 and 9 months for the measurement of bone remodelling biomarkers. Levels of serum Calcium (sCa), 25OHD, as well as levels bone markers OCN, and CTX were measured at all timepoints of follow-up. Results The mean age of group-A, group-B and group-C participants was 60.72(+8.08), 62.37(+7.70) and 62.09(+7.09) (p=NS), and the mean BMIs were 25.35(+3.96), 25.89(+3.80) and 26.25(+4.56) (p=NS). All women were osteopenic as mean total hip T-score was -1.282(+0.617), -1.193(+0.659) and -1.273(+0.573) at baseline for all three groups respectively. The results of OCN, CTX and 25OHD are shown in the table. Conclusions Only patients in group-C showed significant changes in CTX and 25OHD at 9-months, and OCN at 6- and 9-months. Addition of prebiotics to supplements might improve the vitamin D absorption from the gut and give positive balance to biomarkers of bone metabolism.

Role of calcium salts in modulating benzo[a]pyrene levels in barbecued pork sausages: A study on quality attributes and safety

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), known for its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, is a marker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of partially replacing sodium chloride with different calcium salts (calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, calcium citrate, and calcium lactate) on BaP formation in barbecued pork sausages. The results revealed that all four calcium salts inhibited BaP formation in barbecued pork sausages (P < 0.05). Specifically, calcium gluconate showed the most significant effect on BaP inhibition, with an inhibition rate of 61.82 %. Furthermore, calcium salts were found to inhibit lipid oxidation in barbecued pork sausages while promoting the Maillard reaction. Further validation experiments used resveratrol and sodium sulfite as lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction inhibitors, respectively. These results indicated that lipid oxidation is the primary pathway for BaP production in barbecued pork sausage and that the addition of calcium salts can effectively block this process.

The Effects of Sodium Silicate and Sodium Citrated on the Properties and Structure of Alkali-Activated Foamed Concrete

Alkali-activated slag cementitious (AASC) foamed concrete (FC) has presented challenges such as rapid setting time and poor working performance. The use of sodium citrate (Na3Cit) as a retarding agent can improve the workability and microstructure of AASC foamed concrete. The effects of the dosage, modulus of water glass (WG, the main component is Na2O·nSiO2), and retarding agent on the properties and structure of FC were studied in this paper. The results indicated that using a water binder ratio of 0.4, WG with a modulus of 1.2, and an additional amount of 15% and 0.5% of Na3Cit, the prepared FC had a flowability of 190 mm. Its initial and final setting times were 3.7 h and 35.3 h. Its 7 d and 28 d compressive strengths reached 1.1 MPa and 1.5 MPa, respectively. After hardening, the pore walls were dense and consistent in size, with few larger pores and nearly spherical shapes. The addition of Na3Cit resulted in the formation of calcium citrate, which adsorbed onto the slag surface. This hindered the initial dissolution of the slag, reduced the number of hydration products produced, and decreased the early strength. With increasing curing time, the slag in the FC mixture dissolved further. This led to the decomposition of a portion of calcium citrate and the release of Ca2+. The Ca2+ reacted with [Si(OH)4]4− and [Al(OH)4]−, creating more C-(A)-S-H gel. This gel filled the voids in the FC and repaired any defects on the pore walls. Ultimately, this process increased the compressive strength of the FC in the later stages.

The Facile Production of p-Chloroaniline Facilitated by an Efficient and Chemoselective Metal-Free N/S Co-Doped Carbon Catalyst.

The catalytic hydrogenation of the toxic and harmful p-chloronitrobenzene to produce the value-added p-chloroaniline is an essential reaction for the sustainable chemical industry. Nevertheless, ensuring satisfactory control of its chemoselectivity is a great challenge. In this work, a N/S co-doped metal-free carbon catalyst has been fabricated by using cysteine as a source of C, N, and S. The presence of calcium citrate (porogen agent) in the mixture subjected to pyrolysis provided the carbon with porosity, which permitted us to overcome the issues associated with the loss of heteroatoms during an otherwise necessary activation thermal treatment. Full characterization was carried out and the catalytic performance of the metal-free carbon material was tested in the hydrogenation reaction of p-chloronitrobenzene to selectively produce p-chloroaniline. Full selectivity was obtained but conversion was highly dependent on the introduction of S due to the synergetic effect of S and N heteroatoms. The N/S co-doped carbon (CYSCIT) exhibits a mesoporous architecture which favors mass transfer and a higher doping level, with more exposed N and S doping atoms which act as catalytic sites for the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene, resulting in enhanced catalytic performance when compared to the N-doped carbon obtained from melamine and calcium citrate (MELCIT) used as a reference.

Appropriateness of Ketoanalogues of Amino Acids, Calcium Citrate, and Inulin Supplementation for CKD Management: A RAND/UCLA Consensus.

Current treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD) focuses on improving manifestations and delaying progression. Nutritional approaches play a crucial role in CKD management, and various supplements have become available. Ketoanalogues of amino acids (KAs), calcium citrate, and inulin have been proposed as suitable supplements, yet their widespread use has been limited due to insufficient evidence. This study aimed to generate general guidance statements on the appropriateness of these supplements through a RAND/UCLA consensus process. A RAND/UCLA consensus panel was convened to evaluate the appropriateness of these supplements in different clinical scenarios. In this study, we present a subgroup analysis focusing on a panel of eleven clinical nephrologists from among the experts. Supplementation of low-protein diets (LPDs) and very low-protein diets (VLPDs) with KA was considered appropriate to reduce manifestations and delay CKD outcomes, supplementation with calcium citrate is considered appropriate to reduce CKD manifestations, and supplementation with inulin is considered appropriate to delay CKD outcomes and manage comorbidities. Based on a combination of clinical experience and scientific evidence, the panel reached a consensus that KA supplementation of LPD and VLPD, calcium citrate, and inulin are appropriate in patients with CKD across various scenarios.

Calcium Citrate Amount and Gelatine Source Impact on Hydroxyapatite Formation in Bone Regeneration Material in Simulated Body Fluid.

Bone grafting is crucial for bone regeneration. Recent studies have proposed the use of calcium citrate (CC) as a potential graft material. Notably, citrate does not inhibit hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation at specific calcium-to-citrate molar ratios. Octacalcium phosphate (OCP)/gelatine (Gel) composites, which are commonly produced from porcine Gel, are valued for their biodegradability and bone replacement capability. This study introduces fish Gel as an alternative to porcine Gel because of its wide acceptance and eco-friendliness. This is the first study to examine the interaction effects between two osteogenic materials, OCP/CC, and the influence of different gelatine matrix components on HAp formation in an SBF. Samples with varying CC contents were immersed in an SBF for 7 d and analysed using various techniques, confirming that high CC doses prevent HAp formation, whereas lower doses facilitate it. Notably, small-sized OCP/CC/porcine Gel composites exhibit a high HAp generation rate. Porcine Gel composites form denser HAp clusters, whereas fish Gel composites form larger spherical HAps. This suggests that lower CC doses not only avoid inhibiting HAp formation but also enhance it with the OCP/Gel composite. Compared with porcine Gel, fish Gel composites show less nucleation but an increased crystal growth for HAp.

Enhanced solubility and calcium absorption of calcium gluconate and calcium citrate in the presence of aspartic acid and glutamic acid

In the present study, the effects of aspartic acid and glutamic acid on the solubility and absorption of calcium gluconate and calcium citrate, two common forms of calcium supplements, were investigated. The results revealed that both amino acids increased the solubility of calcium gluconate and calcium citrate by binary or ternary complex formation, not by ligand exchange, as confirmed by calcium specification and density function theory calculations. The same mechanism applied to the calcium binding peptides. Furthermore, the addition of aspartic acid and glutamic acid resulted in a remarkable increase in calcium absorption compared to calcium gluconate and calcium citrate alone. This might be due to the altered properties (solubility, stability, and charges) of the complexes, as well as their enhanced interaction with the calcium channel TRPV6 through hydrogen bonding. Our findings provide new insights into the development of effective calcium supplementation strategies based on calcium-amino acids/calcium binding peptides complexes.

EVALUATION OF THE STRUCTURAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE PEAR JELLIES PREPARED WITH DIFFERENT GELLING TIME AND CALCIUM SALTS

The aim was to investigate the influence of different calcium salts and gelation times on the structural-mechanical parameters of a pear composite jellies. Calcium citrate and calcium lactate with a concentration of 0.6 % and 1.2 % were used as sources of calcium ions for the gelling time of 24 and 48 h. The changes in the structural-mechanical properties of the jellies were determined from the obtained typical curves through a penetration test using a texture analyzer. The increase in the concentration of calcium ions led to the increasing values of the structuralmechanical parameters of the fruit jellies, except for adhesiveness and rupture deformation. The shape of the penetration curves was determined to a greater extent by the type and concentration of calcium salts and to a lesser extent by the gelation time. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the compressive stress, deformation force and firmness increased compared to the other structural-mechanical properties with an increase in the gelation time and the concentration of calcium salts.

Targeted Therapy with Cisplatin-Loaded Calcium Citrate Nanoparticles Conjugated with Epidermal Growth Factor for Lung Cancer Treatment.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with high incidence rates for new cases. Conventional cisplatin (CDDP) therapy has limitations due to severe side effects from nonspecific targeting. To address this challenge, nanomedicine offers targeted therapies. In this study, cisplatin-loaded calcium citrate nanoparticles conjugated with epidermal growth factor (CaCit@CDDP-EGF NPs) were synthesized. The resulting nanodrug had a size below 350 nm with a cation charge. Based on density functional theory (DFT), the CaCit@CDDP NP model containing two citrates substituted on two chlorides exhibited a favorable binding energy of -5.42 eV, and the calculated spectrum at 261 nm closely matched the experimental data. CaCit@CDDP-EGF NPs showed higher inhibition rates against EGFR-expressed and mutant carcinoma cells compared to those of cisplatin while displaying lower cytotoxicity to lung fibroblast cells. Integrating in vitro experiments with in silico studies, these nanoparticles hold promise as a novel nanomedicine for targeted therapy in clinical applications.

Acid attack on hydrated cement: effect of organic acids on the degradation process

Owing to their ability to form buffer solutions, the attack of organic acids on concrete structural components can be highly aggressive. This work considers the changes in microstructure, chemical and phase composition in hardened Portland cement paste (hcp) exposed to acetic acid/sodium acetate or citric acid/sodium citrate buffer solutions. The degradation products were investigated using 29Si and 27Al NMR spectroscopy with XRD and ICP-OES. Exposure to acetic acid/sodium acetate at pH 3.9 ≤ pH ≤ 5.5 decalcifies hcp to produce aluminosilica gels (0.1 ≤ Al/Si ≤ 0.3) with Si predominately in Q3/Q4 sites and NBO values (non-bridging oxygen per Si atom) 0.6 ≤ NBO ≤ 0.9. Cross-linking processes causing the formation of the gel from C–A–S–H dreierketten incorporate Al, originally in crystalline phases and C–A–S–H phases. Degradation by citric acid/sodium citrate is governed by the precipitation of expansive calcium citrate which continuously removes degraded surface material. Pore-blocking at the degradation front inhibits acid transport deeper into the material. A new mathematical expression is presented which enables the calculation of NBO for aluminosilica gels of known Al/Si ratio from 29Si NMR spectra despite overlapping signals. The expression was verified by a stochastic computer model based on a Si quartz lattice with substituted Al and vacancies. The model simulated the measured 29Si NMR spectra of aluminosilica gels.

Role of ammonium citrate in the preparation of high-strength carbonated steel slag cementitious materials

Steel slag as a cementitious material exhibits enormous potential and feasibility through carbonation curing. In this study, the influences of Ammonium Citrate (AC) on the CO2 uptake, microstructure and properties of the carbonated steel slag cementitious materials were investigated from two perspectives: leaching of calcium and dissolution of CO2. The results showed that AC, as a pH regulator and chelating agent, can promote the leaching of calcium before carbonation and the dissolution of CO2 during carbonation curing. When the concentration of AC was within the range of 0–0.1 mol/L, the dissolved CO2 tended to react with Ca2+ and calcium citrate (AC-Ca) in steel slag samples, which increased the carbonation efficiency, and filling of pores by CaCO3 led to a rapid increase in the compressive strength. With the aid of AC, high-strength carbonated steel slag cementitious materials were prepared. Under optimal addition of AC (0.1 mol/L), CO2 uptake and compressive strength in carbonated steel slag cementitious materials with the densest pore structure reached 17.22 g/100 g steel slag and 99.2 MPa, respectively. However, with the overloading of AC (＞0.1 mol/L), the dissolved CO2 tended to react with C-S-H gels due to the high bonding strength between C5H7O5COO− and Ca2+, which accelerated the decalcification of C-S-H gels and divided the large pores into countless small pores in steel slag cementitious materials.

Phase separation and gelation of gelatin-glucose syrup mixtures and gummy confections: Effects of moisture content, sugars, citric acid, and citrates

Phase separation is a prevalent phenomenon in gummy confections, often arising from potential molecular incompatibility between gelatin and long-chain polysaccharides in glucose syrups (GS). This study focuses on analyzing the phase separation and gelling behaviors of gelatin-GS mixtures, elucidating the roles played by water content and small molecular weight (MW) additional ingredients. Mixtures with 6% gelatin, 40% GS, and varying portions of water, sucrose/allulose, citric acid (CA), and citrates (soluble/insoluble) were prepared. Phase separation behaviors were observed using inverted fluorescent microscopy, with the gel properties characterized using rheology, texture profile analysis (TPA), and water-holding capacity (WHC) analysis. The results highlight the significant impacts of these small MW components on biopolymer compatibility (cosolubility). In gelatin-GS-water mixtures, reducing the water ratio without the addition of sugars promoted phase separation towards the polysaccharide-rich morphologies, while enhancing the sol-gel transition and gel strength due to increased gelatin/water ratio. The incorporation of sucrose or allulose into gelatin-GS-water mixtures, without altering the gelatin/GS/water ratio, generally improved the protein-polysaccharide co-solubility during mixing but had an adverse overall effect on gel formation. Acidification with CA increased the surface charges of the proteins, enhancing the biopolymer miscibility and gelling performance. Soluble citrates, e.g., sodium citrate (SC) and potassium citrate (PC), promoted protein-polysaccharide miscibility and gelation at low concentrations (1–5%), but led to severe phase separation and weakened gelation at higher dosage levels (7.5–10%). In contrast, insoluble citrate, i.e., calcium citrate (CC), marginally enhanced the protein-polysaccharide miscibility while facilitating gummy gelation as an active filler.

Comparative Evaluation of Bioavailability, Efficacy and Safety of MICROCORE NESC® with Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Citrate Malate in Osteopenic and Osteoporotic Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by loss of bone mass, reduced bone strength and increased bone fragility predisposing to fractures. This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy, safety and relative bioavailability of Microcore NESC® (Natural Egg Shell Calcium) in osteopenia and osteoporotic patients. This was a randomized, open label, parallel group interventional clinical trial which included 60 study participants with osteopenia and osteoporosis who were randomized into three groups (20 each). Group 1-Microcore NESC®, Group 2-Shelcal and Group 3-CCM with 12weeks treatment period. The participants were evaluated for relative oral bioavailability, bone mineral density (BMD), serum osteocalcin, change in VAS pain scale and quality of life-Questionnaires. There was significant improvement in the BMD T scores-post-treatment with MICROCORE NESC® and Shelcal. Higher percentage of improvement in calcium absorption as depicted by an increase in serum calcium levels (10.23%) in the MICROCORE NESC®-treated group when compared to Shelcal (7.7%) and CCM (7.2%). The relative bioavailability of MICROCORE NESC® with respect to Shelcal was 93%. MICROCORE NESC®, has shown a better oral relative bio availability of calcium (93%), better improvement of BMD T score compared to Shelcal and CCM. The general health status has improved to very good/excellent in 83% of patients in MICROCORE NESC®-treated group. Thus, MICROCORE NESC® can be considered a better and safe calcium supplement, as there are very few side effects observed without any clinically significant abnormalities in lab parameters.

Design and Synthesis of N-Doped Carbons as Efficient Metal-Free Catalysts in the Hydrogenation of 1-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzene.

Metal-free catalysts based on nitrogen-doped porous carbons were designed and synthesized from mixtures of melamine as nitrogen and carbon sources and calcium citrate as carbon source and porogen system. Considering the physicochemical and textural properties of the prepared carbons, a melamine/citrate ratio of 2:1 was selected to study the effect of the pyrolysis temperature. It was observed that a minimum pyrolysis temperature of 750 °C is required to obtain a carbonaceous structure. However, although there is a decrease in the nitrogen amount at higher pyrolysis temperatures, a gradual development of the porosity is produced from 750 °C to 850 °C. Above that temperature, a deterioration of the carbon porous structure is produced. All the prepared carbon materials, with no need for a further activation treatment, were active in the hydrogenation reaction of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene. A full degree of conversion was reached with the most active catalysts obtained from 2:1 melamine/citrate mixtures pyrolyzed at 850 °C and 900 °C, which exhibited a suitable compromise between the N-doping level and developed mesoporosity that facilitates the access of the reactants to the catalytic sites. What is more, all the materials showed 100% selectivity for the hydrogenation of the nitro group to form the corresponding chloro-aniline.

Evaluating adherence, tolerability and safety of oral calcium citrate in elderly osteopenic subjects: a real-life non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study

BackgroundOsteoporosis is a common concern in the elderly that leads to fragile bones. Calcium supplementation plays a crucial role in improving bone health, reducing fracture risk, and supporting overall skeletal strength in this vulnerable population. However, there is conflicting evidence on the safety of calcium supplements in elderly individuals.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence, safety and tolerability of calcium citrate supplementation in elderly osteopenic subjects.MethodsIn this non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study, subjects received daily 500 mg calcium citrate supplementation for up to one year. Adherence was calculated based on compliance and persistence. Safety was assessed through adverse reactions (ARs), deaths, and clinical laboratory evaluations.ResultsA total of 268 Caucasian subjects (91.4% female, mean age 70 ± 4.5 years) participated in the study. Mean adherence to treatment was 76.6 ± 29.5% and half of subjects had an adherence of 91% and ~ 33% of participants achieved complete (100%) adherence. ARs were reported by nine (3.9%) subjects, primarily gastrointestinal disorders, with no serious ARs. The frequency of all adverse events (including ARs) was significantly higher in subjects with adherence of < 80% (41.6%; 32/77) vs. those with adherence ≥ 80% (11%; 16/145, p < 0.0001). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from baseline to follow-up visit (change of -2.8 ± 13.9 mmHg, p = 0.0102 and -2.1 ± 10.4 mmHg, p = 0.0116, respectively).ConclusionThis study demonstrated favorable adherence to calcium citrate supplementation in elderly osteopenic subjects. The occurrence of ARs, though generally mild, were associated with lower adherence to calcium supplementation.